NAI{YAI{G CONCEPT TESTCIIEMISTRY (ADVANCED LEVEL)

26 JrULY 20082.30 - 4.30 pm (Singapore and Malaysia)1.30 - 3.30 pm (Indonesia and Vietnam)Instructions to participants :

1. The test comprises 60 multiple choice questions on 24pages (including a periodic table and a list of physicalconstants)

2. AII questions carry equal marks.

3. Use black lead 2B pencils to shade in the answer sheetprovided. Ensure that the circles are filled in completely.Any erasure must be done cleanly, and make no stray markon the answer sheet.

4. A periodic table and a list of physical constants areincluded at the back of the question booklet.

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l. Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells and storage batteries and inhigh-temperature lubricants. It has two naturally occuning isotopes, 6Li (isotopicmass = 6.015121amu) and 7Li (isotopic mass : 7.016003 amuj. Lithium has-anatomic mass of 6.9409 amt. what is the percent abundance of the 6Li isotope?A. 92.50%B. 86.66%c. 46. t6%D. 7.503%E. None of the above

2. Terephthalic acid, used in the production of polyester fibers and films, iscomposed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. when 0.6943 g of terephthalic acidwas subjected to combustion analysis it produced 1.471g coz and 0.226 g Hzo. Ifits molar mass is between 158 and 167 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?A. C+HrOrB. CeHsOsC. CaH3O2D. CsHoO+E. None of the above

3. The iodine "clock reaction" involves the following sequence of reactions:(1) IQ-@q) + Sl-(aq) + 6Ht(aq) -+ 312@g + 3HzO(l)(2) Iz(trd +ZS2O32-(aq) -+ 2I-(aqS + S0s2-(at)

The molecular iodine (I2) formed in reaction (/) is immediately used up inreaction (2), so that no iodine accumulates. In one experiment, a student made upa reaction mixture which initially contained 0.002 mol of iodate ions (IO:1. If theiodate ions reacted completely, how many moles of thiosulfate ions (Szo:21 wereneeded in reaction (2), in order to react completely with the iodine (I2) produced inreaction (-1)?A. 0.004 molB. 0.006 molC. 0.008 molD. 0.010 molE. 0 .012 mol

4. Copper(Il) sulfide, CuS, is used in the development of aniline black dye in textileprinting. What is the maximum mass of CuS which can be formed when 38.0 mLof 0.500 MCuClz are mixed with 42.0 mL of 0.600 M(NH4)2S?A. 2.42 gB . 1 .82 gc. r .Z t gD. 0.91 gE. None of the above

5 . Which one of theorbital?A . n :3 ; I : l ;B . n : l ; l : 3 ;( - n : ? ' I : ) '

. r J ) t - )

D. n : 3 ; I : l ;E . n :3 ; l : 0 ;

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following sets of quantum numbers can correctly represent a 3p

mt : 2mt : 3rh : It u : - lTIU: I

6. Which of the following electron configurations represents the ground state of anelement?

A. [Ne]3s'3p]B. lHelzs^2p'^C. [Ne]3s23p23d|D. fNel3r23p33d'E. [Ne]313p'

7. Elements with the highest first ionization energies are found in theregion of the periodic table.A. lower leftB. upper leftC. centerD. lower rightE. upper right

Which of the following molecules/ions has non-zero dipole moments?A. cis-HCIC:CHCIB' OzC. BF:D. ICIA-E. COz

Which of the following substance has the highest melting point?A. NaClB. CsHreC. NaFD. RbCIE. HCI

9.

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10. How many isomers can the compound SHFCIBT have (the central atom in thismolecule is S, sulfur)?A. 128 .6c .4D .2E. 1

I I ' Analysis of an unknown substance showed that it has a high boiling point and isbrittle. It is an insulator as a solid but conducts electricity when meliei. whi.n ofthe following substances would have these characteristics?A. HCIB. AIC. KBrD. SiFaE. Iz

12. A new boron hydride, B*Hr, has been isolated. To find its molar mass, youmeasure the pressure of the gas in a known volume at a known temperature. Thefollowing experimental data are collected:

Mass of the gas: 12.5 mgPressure ofthe gas:3306 PaTemperature: 25 oCVolume of the flask: 125 mL

Which formula corresponds to the calculated mass?A. B2H6B. BaHl6C. B5HeD. B6H16E. B16H1a

13. Assuming ideal gas behavior, calculate the density of No2 gas, in gL-l, at 125.6kPa and 50 oC.

A. 2.15 gL-l.B. 21.5 gL-.'C. 215 sL-'D. 0.21\ gL-t

.

E. 0 .0215 s L- '

14.

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0 100 200 300 4oo 5oo 600 7oo 800pexr (atm)

The behavior of I mole of a real gas (methane) with increasing external pressure(P"') is shown in the figure above along with the behavior of I mole of an idealgas. Which of the following statement(s) isiare correct?I. For CHa, at moderately high external pressure and constant temperature,

values of PVlRT lower than ideal (less than I ) are due to morecularvolume.

III. For CFI+, at very high external pressure and constant temperature, values ofPV|RT greater than ideal (more than 1) are due predominantly tointermolecular forces.

m' Non-ideal gas behavior is also most significant near the conditionsunder which a gas liquefies.

A. Only III is correctB. I and II are correctC. I and III are correctD. Only II is correctE. I, II and III are correct

1 . 8

1 . 6

1 . 4

] - 1ga. 0.8

o.2

0

0.4

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15. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?I. At a temperature of absolute zero, the volume of an ideal gas is zero.il. For a gas obeying the ideal gas law, a plot of z versus l/T will give a

straight line passing through the origin.ilI. When a closed-ended manometer is used for pressure measurements, and

the closed end is under vacuum, the level of manometer liquid in theclosed arm can never be lower than that in the other arm.

IV. According to the postulates of kinetic molecular theory, the molecules ofall gases at a given temperature have the same average kinetic energy.

A. I, III and IV are correctB. II, III and IV are correctC. I and III are correctD. Only I is correctE. I, II, III and IV are correct

16.Iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), one of many hydrocarbons that make uppetrol, burns in air to give water and carbon dioxide.

2 CsHrs (t) + 25 Oz k) --- 16 COz(g) + 18 HzO (0 alfon :_10,992 kJIf you burn 1.00 L of isooctane (molecular weight of isooctane : ll4 g mol-l andits density : 0.69 g mL-'), what quantity of heat is released?A. - l l x 104 kJB. 6.6 x 104 kJC. 3.3 x 104 kJD. -3.3 x 104 kJE. -1 .8 x 104 kJ

17. Enthalpy changes for the following reactions can be determined experimentally:(i) Nz (d + 3Hz (g) --- z NHr (g)(ii) 4 NH: (s) * s oz k) -* 4 NO (g) + 6 Hro (/)(i i i) Hz(g) *'/zOz(g)-- HzO (D

LIf :-91.8 kJLIf : -906.2kJLIf : 14r.8 kJ

use these values to determine the enthalpy change for the formation of No (g)from the elements:

t/rN, (g) +l lzozG) * No (g)A. 90 kJB. 180 kJc. +1270 kJD. -1270 kIE. -273kJ

A I f : ?KJ

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18. When gasoline bums in a car engine, the heat released causes the products CO2and HzO to expand, which pushes the pistons outward. Excess heat is removed bythe car's cooling system. If the expanding gases do 451 J of work on the pistonsand the system loses 325 J to the surroundings as heat, calculate the change inenergy in Joules.A. 126B. -126c. 776D. -776E. 902

19. For the following reaction, identiff the oxidant and the reductant.2 Fe(OH! + 6 H* +2 I- : 2Fe2*+ 12 + 6 H2O

A. Oxidant: I-B. Oxidant: Fe(OH)3C. Oxidant: FfD. Oxidant = Fe2*E. Oxidant: I

Reductant : Fe(OH)3Reductant : I-Reductant : Fe(OH)rReductant : 12Reductant : Ff

20. Balance the following redox equation using the smallest integers possible andselect the correct coef{icient for the hydrogen sulfite ion, HSOI-.MnOa-(aq) + HSO3-(aq) + H+(aq) -+ Mn2*(aq) + SO+2- (aq) + HzO(/)

A. l8 . 2c.5D. 10E. None of the above

2l.The following two half cells were combined to make abattery. Under standardstate conditions (when the concentrations of all reactants and products are equal toI A4) and when the battery is functioning in discharge mode, what is the standardcell potential (d..rr) for the spontaneous reactions?

9"t*(oq) + 3e---+ Cs(5)'/3 crls; ---r'l., crt*(oq) + e-A. -3.08 VB. -1 .60 vc. +1.60 vD. +2.09 VE. +3.08 V

E = -2 ,34YE : +0.74 Y

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22' Which of the following has an effect on the magnitude of the equilibrium constant?A, removing products as they are formedB. adding more of a reactantC. adding a catalystD. increasing the pressure, in a gas-phase reactionE. change in temperature

23. When a chemical reaction system is at equilibrium,A. the concentrations of the reactants are equal to the concentrations of the

products.B. the concentrations ofthe reactants and products have reached constant values.C. the forward and reverse reactions have stopped.D. the reaction quotient, Q, has reached a maximum.E. the reaction quotient, Q, has reached a minimum.

24. At 500oc, the equilibrium constant, Kp, is 4.00 x 10-4 for the equilibrium:2HCN(g) -.- I{z(g) + CzNz(g)

What is Kp for the following equilibrium at the same temperature?Hzk)+CzNz(s) . - 2HCN(s)

A. 2.00 x 10{B. -4.00 x 104C. 1 .25 x 103D. 2.5 x 103E, 4.00 x 104

25. Ag2soa has a solubilify product, ftro, of 1.7 xl0-s. which equation below shouldyou solve to obtain x, the maximum number of moles of Ag2So4 that you can addto 1 L of 0.01 MHzSOq solution without producing precipitation?A. 4x3 : 1.7x 10-sB . 0 .04 x2 :1 .7 r10 ' sC . x2 :1 .7x 10 -sD. 4x3+0.0 4x2 : l.7x|}-sE. x2+0.01x=L.Txl } 's

26. An increase in temperature increases the reaction rate becauseA. a greater fraction of the collisions have the corect orientation of molecules.B. the activation energy of the reaction will increase.C. the activation energy of the reaction will decrease.D. temperature acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions.E. more collisions will have enough energy to exceed the activation energy.

: - ; 1 .

27.For the following reaction:5Br (aq) + BrO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) - 3Brz(aq) + 3[zO(aq)

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alt,oldt

B. , a[sro;]

C.

D.

the rate of reaction when expressed as dt"d is the same as:dt

A . -

dt

. a[s, ]- ) ' '

dt

_o.ualsr ldt

E. None of the above

28. The following chemical reactionA(aq) + 2 B(s) --- YrC(aq\

is first order in A and zeroth order in B. The half life of the reaction is 25s.Initially, a solution contains only 3 M of A, an excess of B and no c. How longwill it take the reaction to proceed before the concentration of C increases to I M?A. 25.0sB . 39 .5sC. 37.5sD. 14.6sE. 8.3s

29.The ionization energies (L E.) of Ti are as follows:I i l m ryV6.82 13 .58 27.49 43.27 99.22 eY

Stable oxidation states are expected when the difference in successive I.E.,sexceeds l2 eV for valence electrons. What stable oxidation states are expected forTi?

A. Ti(I) onlyB. Ti (I) and Ti(V)C. Ti(I), Ti(II) and Ti(IV)D. Ti(II), Ti(III) and Ti(IV)E. No stable oxidation states

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30. Large anions are distorted or polarized by the presence of smallcations. Theelectrostatic potential, v, at the surface of an ion has been used as a roushmeasure of polarizing power.

V = ionic charge/ionic radius

On the basis of the calculated electrostatic potentials, determine which ion ofGroup 2 would be expected to resemble Li+.Given: ionic radii 1Ay - I-i 0.60; Group 2 ions - Be2* 0.31, Mg2* 0.65, Ca2* 0.99,sr2* Ll3, Ba2* 1.35.

A. None resembles Li+.B. Be2*.C. Ba2*.D. Sr2*.E. Ca2*.

31. Which one of the following solutions is least acidic?

A. I mole of AlCl: dissolved in I L of water.B' 22.4 L of SOz gas at I atm dissolved in I L of water, followed by bubbling 02

through the solution.C. Boiling I mole of CaCOI in 1 L of water.D. Dissolving I mole of Na2CO3 in I L of water.E. Dissolving 0.001 mole of acetic acid in I L of water.

32. There is a solution of a certain acid with pH = 4 and with a volume of l0 mL in acontainer. Which of the following is the most suitable statement when it is dilutedto 100 mL?

A. The pH of this solution willbe 6.B. The pH of this solution will decrease.C. The pH of this solution will be 5 if the acid is a weak one.D. The pH of this solution will be 4.5 if the acid is a weak one.E. The pH of this solution cannot be predicted or calculated regardless of the

strensth of the acid.

10

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33. Addition of a small amount of which of the following chemical(s) to a mixture ofa certain amount of Zn and acetic acid solution will slow down the reaction butwill not change the amount of H2 gas generated?

I. waterII. NazCO:UL sodium acetateIV. ZnOV. Cu

A. I onlyB. I and IIIC. II onlyD. IV onlyE. V only

34. The solubility of Ca(OH)2 in water is known to be lower at a higher temperature.Which statement is correct for the solution obtained immediately after acertainamount of cao is quickly added to a stirred saturated solution of ca(oH)2?A. The concentration of Ca(OH)2 stays the same.B. The concentration of Ca(OH)2 increases.C. The concentration of Ca(OH)2 decreases.D. The concentration of Ca(OH)z may increase or decreaseE. The added CaO won't react with water, so it stays insoluble.

35. Which one of the following reactions does NOT produce any gas?

A. Electrolysis of dilute aqueous CuBr2 solution.B. Adding a piece of silver metalto a dilute aqueous HNO3 solution.C. Heating of concentrated HCI with MnO2.D. Adding a piece of aluminum metal to a concentrated aqueous NaOH solution.E. Adding a piece of zinc metal to a dilute aqueous HCI solution.

36. Titanium is the 9th most abundant element in the earth's crust and its minerals areplentiful in nature. why is it less commonly used than rarer metals?

A. Ti reacts readily oxygen and nitrogen at high temperatures.B. Present day technologies have little use for the element.C. It is difficult to mine the minerals.D. Its ores are too dispersed in nature.E. The high density and brittle nature of the metal is a deterrent to its commercial

use.

1 l

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37. Which of the following metal complexes is a transition metal complex and iscommonly being described as colourless in dilute solution?

A. tNi(Hro)61'?1B. [Mn(H2O)e]'-c. [Al(ct)4]-D. PbSE. [Ba(HzO)e]2*

38' Which of the following elements can form compounds or molecules with theoxidation states of +1. 0 and -l ?

A. ThalliumB. FluorineC. LithiumD. HydrogenE. Cesium

39. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?I. Sulfur forms soz and (so+)'- because S can use its d-orbitals to form

extra bonds.u. carbon forms gaseous coz but silicon forms solid Sioz due to the

higher atomic weight of Si than C.ili. Considering the pairs of elemental molecules (Nz, p+) and (Oz, S3), we

can conclude that it is a periodic trend that heavier atoms tend to formelemental molecules with more atoms.

IV. The structure of ozone is a regular triangle.

A. I and III onlyB. II and IV onlyC. I onlyD. IV onlyE. II and III only

t2

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40. Aqua regia is a highly corrosive solution prepared by mixing I part ofconcentrated nitric acid with 3 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid. It candissolve noble metals such as gold and platinum, while most other acids such aspure HNO3 or pure HCI cannot. Which of the following statements is NOT conect?

A. The high proton concentration in the mixture helps to drive the metaloxidation forward, as the reaction consumes protons to make H2o.

B. Chloride ions can coordinate to noble metal ions, facilitatine the oxidation ofthe metals.

C. Concentrated nitric acid is a strong oxidant that helps the oxidation of noblemetals.

D. Mixing two strong acids allows the proton concentration to reach at a levelthat is impossible to achieve with any single acid.

E. Nitric oxides such as NOz and/or NO will be released during the oxidation ofthe noble metals.

41. The following are several stereorepresentations of lactic acid. Taking I as areference structure, which are mirror imaees of I?

^nnu

'"'?C\o"[. cHs

CH.t",, ;::"1-'

cooHI

nor,,f \"r.m.H

cH.I

*"'f -.oo,IV. HO

A. II and IIIB. III and IVc. I ID. IVE. None of II. III and IV.

42. What is the correct name for the hydrocarbon shown below?

H.C, FHeHC CH2CH2CH2CH3

H2CH2CH2C.CHCH3

A. 2,6-DimethyldecaneB. l, 1,5-TrimethylnonaneC. 2-Methyl-6-bufyl-heptaneD. 5,9-DimethyldecaneE. 1, 1,5-Trimethyl-4-butyl-pentane

13

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43. For the carbocations shown below, predict the order of decreasing stability (moststable first).

\-A-rt t ,

V

t l

a--|"*.t lVT.r..,

b r

V

A. IB. IIC. ilID. IVE .V

45. Which one of the statements A to E best describes the reaction shown below?

n vC H a + C l z - C H 3 C I + H C l

A. Radical addition of chlorine to methaneB. Thermal substitution of methane by chlorineC. Electrophilic substitution of methane by chlorineD. Nucleophilic substitution of methane by chlorineE. Radical substitution of methane bv chlorine

46. Which of these gives mostly the meta product when treated with Brz/Fe?

O l

^O^",Bry' .doO-o- ,O

I > IV> I I I > I I >VI I I > IV>V> I> I II I > I I I > I> IV>VI>V> IV> I I> I I II I I > I I > IV>V> I

44. Which one of the possible products I to V is the correct product for the reactionshown below.

4\t t l\.\.,,\,,.

{ i /

ocHs

o

TVIII

A.B .C.D.E.

a--j-C*.t lYt

n

I

H,-',VCU"t l\.-t-n

H '

I I

Br,\-"".tr l\-'-\H

III

aP""-?*

IV

t4

/\^u r-\',,,cl f\7so.n ATon f,'\,,-CHoB. U C. l t . / . | D. l l J l E. l t , / . |

rm-')(

n^Aaorsry

6's1,.-.-'{tott\2

6^1-AYso3H

rr=a)\z\-,-\

A.

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47. Which undergoes electrophilic substitution on the ring most rapidly?

48. What is the major product of the following reaction?trtoo,

49. Which reaction conditions are suitable for oxidation of a secondary alcohol to aketone?

A. n-Bul-i, tetrahydrofuranB. LiAlFI4, diethyl etherC. aq.HCl, followed by aq. NaOHD. SOClz, pyridineE. CrOg, aq. H2SOa, acetone

B .

C.

D.

E.

l 5

I NCTCOS50. When an alcohol is put under acidic conditions, what is the first step that always

occurs?

A. Nucleophilic substitution on a carbon atomB. Formation of a carbon-carbon double bondC. Protonation of the hydroxy groupD. Oxidation to a carbonyl compoundE. Formation of a carbocation

51 . which of the following methods are reasonable for preparing butan-2-ol?I. Addition of HzO to but-l-ene in the presence of iIzSO+II. Hydroboration of but-l-ene followed by oxidation with HzozIII. oxymercuration of but-r-ene followed by reduction with NaBFI+IV. Reduction of butan-2-one with NaBFL

A. I onlyB. II onlyC. I, I I , and IVD. I, I I I , and IVE. All of the above

52. Treatment of methyl ketones with iodine and sodium hydroxide results in acharacteristic yellow precipitate. The important property behind the working ofthis reaction is

A. the high electrophilicity of iodine (I2)B. the high nucleophilicify of iodide (I-)C. the acidity of the protons of the methyl groupD. the basicity of the ketone oxygen atomE. the easy homolysis of the iodine-iodine bond

53. Which of the following gives the correct affangement of increasing acid strength,from the weakest to the strongest?

weakest strongestA. FCH2CO2H CICH2CO2H CH:COZHB. CICH2CO2H FCHzCOzH CHTCOzHC. CH:COzH FCH2CO2H CICHzCOzHD. CH:COzH CICHzCOzH FCH2CO2HE. CICH2CO2H CHICOZH FCH2CO2H

l6

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54. A researcher was carrying out several experiments at one time and he made amistake by adding water to the one of his reactions even before the reaction hadreached completion. The experiment thus had the following reaction sequence:

HO-. PCts HzO=+ ----+ mixture of products

In an attempt to see what he can salvage from this error, he sat down and draftedthe possible organic products I to V that could have resulted from the reactions:

otl

cn;cH''cn{t-o*

,frt'-.*i"t'bHlc\cr

lil

" ' '"*;""."*/

,, frto-.ri"t'br;t-'",otl"-o,

orv ll

Hrc-c\lo

nrc-c(,

OHvl

nrc-c\tp

nrC-CiWhich of the above compounds could,

A. I and II onlyB. I, II and III onlyC . IVandVon lyD . I andVon lyE. III and IV only

in theory, result from the above reaction?

t 1

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55. Polycarbonate is commonly used as a material for bottles, casings, visors etc. Thispolymer has the following structure:

what are the products if polycarbonate is completely hydrolysed in an aqueoussolution of sodium hvdroxide?

ipoNa+Na2co3 *". oSA.

B . Na2C03

CHsC. '"-i*.G

Na2co3 *".-oQ

Na2CO3 r.l".-OQ

D.

E.

CH.t -

H O - C - O HI

CHs

CH3OH HO(CH2)OH

l 8

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56. You are required to prepare the following compound from two organic startingmaterials.

9H2,a\-c'N-c-c'cH3\ ) H H 2

Which of the following combinations of starting materials is expected to give youthe desired product most easily?

A.

57. Which

A.

t l

(\c'o-cH:\,4

H2+ HzN.._fi;.r.

t lB.

I IC.

Ut l

D.

E.

6s1crr.rr,\2

]Jt t 2

t trg-c'g'cHa- H 2

H2

cl'c'c'cH'H2

H2

HO.c-C-cH3H2

I ID.C.

E.

,,1S1c-rrrir,\/

cH3-N02

6s1c-cr\?

? H2 'H3C_o-CrN ,C_c_CH3

H H 2

of the following nitrogen-containing compounds is MOST basic?

r-t.t-Z\t',ttt, B. N(CH2CH3)3

rr>\z\cru

t9

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58' what is the expected product of the following 2-step reaction?

. '+cH2-cl

trr-.rr-$cH2-cl

"'+cHz-NH2

rr*-.rr-$cH2-cH2-NH2

",$cH2-cH2-oH

",+cH2-cH2-NH2

KCN LiAtH4in alcohol

A.

B .

C.

D.

E.

2A

59.

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The following amide was hydrolyzedby boiling with dilute aqueous sodiumhydroxide, and then the resulting organic material was extracted with diethyl ether.what is the major product obtained after evaporation of diethyl ether?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

ot l

t l

,1\c-or.r"\v

n 4-'rtcHsI I l l boi l ins

1A.crr1-\./ dilute NJoH ,i l t H\\J7

,is1c'oH\?

d\r-Nn'i l l

u .'A"VI r 3 v

6's16,on and [fY*t'\2 H"c&

ot l

,i\attttH,\)

extraction withdiethyl ether

21

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60. A compound is known to be a tripeptide. After heating with aqueous sodiumhydroxide, only serine and alanine can be detected laJtheir toiiurn salts). Whichof the following is a possible structure for the tripeptide?

cH2oHH2N"\co2H

CH"I '

H2N^co2H

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

senne a lanine

?H'? H 9H.no,c^g\*Y^rr,

nobu, o

cH" o,or"Ap\tt,

HOCH2

?r,? Hnorc^11\tf**,

- H l l l

HOCH2 u

?t '? o,or"ArA-r-o\*'-',

- l - . l l rI

Nn, cHs

HOCH2 O H Hnozc^y\ty*yto,t

cH. o cHs

22

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rb

Em

L

G

$ * e'- -.t ii e : iJ f , c

. f rfr

t9 a .il-: > ia, { i t

8 . E $* - d *

s

rio $E * *

ha E- f i a

g

4 t se a

t , p#J - L Z

i'i r-

6

, rililj $

{r 5,

i 2 > d$ii t!

F

t o

- J * P&

h# iu t

.1 r-t

: i c$frii:i +B

- r ,

lia q . i

t'i atF^

d ;.;

"5$s i ltrl

't, S

a

t1ia i i2 -l:

S g

r t6

, r i if i

g f*

lii,!

. a S

l i t

: O !' F t

2p

N

5 6 r . 1r - i ! 1 o h

. i z lS r' J a * s - ! i3 ) . 8

afi*fr

&

e Eq

o I t

!i ::

ct

a f .{ t L F' {il

ul --. lig o * q - ge e r f ,a s

L tr y - * 5 *

r0

:, 3 ,1,

,* !,i l r o h 4 . 6 i iR $ : i :

J {

FS i o c

J I N

!ao 'jt! _ f t

d !

&f {

l f , $ l a

tr> s Z i ;.: i;

i:. ' I

f

" : o {; { i i

I

3N , : 7 l :' - - ' t1

- LC H I

o

: N O gT

$ gtrN S i

fr:N . n r - l! * - t : : . t 8

g\R n f f

1tqq5 i s

L: _-

I

( F ha : o i i

a

\ { [ii f

r : r o 18 {5 4 ,_

o , f ;- 5 + ;

- f rr ' * ; I< , * f

.5

33 { f . * * !i { ) i r $ r o

S S i if l a

l ' Ia t: ) 3 r u

ir l,:

a . Fr t - ; i

N

P tr,gN

3 { r } ,!i

= (J U *

N

* ' z .F(

P u r i o _ l ie * ' i l

h a$

ti

E F

n . a 4S u i i. ' : * 5a f t \ i

t : et= '1

I

sii _{ : .

IIY * A

ia

4 . - S

tr , : i l

: i +' *f ;5E t;! S a

{:: g

{ r lx l

._F;=F

, 3 4

l

, o 55 F Bei* - s ti

$ +

F

N l ) gF r *

e o i i*=l* sg [ ,

ti:I

t I l Ittt

.A ,-

n o lj l r i lt d i q 9

. N

e ! o I*= t { - "

lil6 c ;

!i4 ! i

r i =

l :

q ! lN

* .li: N l i

G

' r N

h

i;t sE

?Q o l iq , r f i

; i I

a t; l - ; !

qg q *

& hU f' " '

H ^ .i ; i

o * 5" ; f r

&g * r i

i l

* f' . d i+ o : J

N

. - tt { , r . * "s $

$

r B

t i - { .g.

:t:f j j i . . :- - * _ .

E;*. l:c , X f t

kl F

n . ' \ Eg/ r f r _,i ir

NCTCOS

TABLES OF CHEMICAL DAT,AInlpo,rtant vElu:es. constants and standards

molar gas constant

the Farad.ay conistant

tne Avo$adro cct}stant

the Planck constant

speed cf light in a vacuun.l

rest nrass cf prolcn. f [:l

rest ntass cf ner-rtran. ,,1rl

rest mass of elect-on. _tic

electronic char

mciaryolutrF oi GaE

= 8.31 J K-: mol-"

=9 .65 x '1G{C rnc f '

= 6,02 x 1[F;! ml-1

= S.S3 x 1{i-:q -; s

= 3.1j0 x 10s nt s'1

= i.&i x 18-?I k..q

= l . s f x 7 r f27 kg

=t1.11 x 1lf i t k,! i

= - 1 . 6 $ x 1 $ - l e C

=22.4 *n:t m$l-! ats.t .p.= ?4 dm3 mol-1 uncfer r,ocm conditjsng

f\-

I

h

f??n

tDn

m9

ym{evhere s-tF. is exprcsse$ as 'l r)l kpa. aFproximately. anC l?3 K G ?CJ}iot-rtc produet of watet I{$t = 1 "&ti x 1 Lrr{ rnoF dnr-d

{atz$s K 125"V11spec.ific heat capacity otr,nrater

= C.1{.1 kJ kS-, F.,i= 4. 1S ; g- ' K- ' )

24