chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt

7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt

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Factors Affecting

Solubility

Joan Santos

Elena Villanueva


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Solubility whether or not a solute will dissolve in a

solvent and the extent in which it will

dissolve the amount of a solute that will dissolve

in a specific solvent given condition


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Factors that affect solubility

The nature of the solute and solvent

Temperature Pressure (only applicable to gases)


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Nature of Solute and

SolventRemember Covalent and Ionic?

Polar Solvent- a liquid made up of polar

molecules

Non-polar Solvent- a liquid made up ofnon-polar molecules


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Solvent When two substances are similar they

can dissolve in each other

polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents non-polar solutes tend to dissolve in non-

polar solvents

like dissolves like

two liquids dissolve in each other becausetheir molecules are alike in polarity


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Solvent Ionic compounds are made up of

charged ions similar to polar

compounds Ionic compounds are more soluble in a

polar solvent than in a non-polar solvent


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SolventSolute Polar Solvent Non-polar solvent

Polar Soluble Insoluble

Non-Polar Insoluble Soluble

Ionic Soluble Insoluble


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Temperature

Solutions of gases in liquids are affected bytemperature

as temperature increases, the solubility of a

GAS in a liquid decreases WHY?

As temperature increases, the kinetic energy ofthe solute gas increases and the gas can

escape Solubility of SOLIDS in liquids: total opposite

the solubility of a solid increases as thetemperature increases (there are a few

exceptions)


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Temperature Temperatures Affecting the Solubility as the

Solution is Formed

When the temperature drops while you mix thesolute and solvent, raising the temperature willincrease solubility

If the temperature stays neutral, thetemperature will have minimal or insignificant

effect either way If the temperature is increased when the

solute and solvent are mixed, raising thetemperature will decrease solubility


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Pressure When the pressure is increased over the

SOLVENT, the solubility of the gas isincreased.

Why?

pressure increases as gas molecules strikethe surface to enter solution is increased

Henrys Law: solubility of gas is directlyproportional to the partial pressure of the gasabove the liquid


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Factors Affecting Solubilityp=khc

p= partial pressure

kh= gas constant

(dimensions: pressure divided by

concentration, depends on the solute, solventand temperature)

c= concentration of the solute


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Factors of Dissolving rate of which a solid solute dissolves in

a solution depends on three factors:

surface area, stirring, and temperature the rate of dissolving is unrelated to the

solubility if the solutes dissolves quickly

or slowly does not alter or depend on itssolubility


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Surface Area dissolving solutes happen in the surface

area of the solvent

speed up the process by increasing thesurface area

The greater the surface area per unit

mass, the quicker it will dissolve


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Stirring dissolving happens at the surface of the

solvent

contact between the solvent and thesolute is increased


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Temperature raising the temperature increases the

rate at which a solute dissolves

solvent particles move faster as theycome in contact more with the solute

chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt

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