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Chemistry Day 2

Monday, August 22, 2016

Do-Now 1.  Turninyoursignedsyllabus(back

pageonly)andlabformtoHWboxbythewindow

2.  Takea2-3minutestoreviewyourlabsafetyruleswithyourtablepartner(s)

3.  Wewilltakeourlabsafetyquiztoday

4.  Haveoutyourplannerandtableofcontents

Announcements

• Bringplannerstoclasseveryday•  Joinourremindaccountforremindersandtocontactme

• Wewillbeginalabthisweek.Avoidmissingclass–labsare25%ofyourtotalgrade

Announcements

• Needextrahelp?•  Iamavailablebeforeschool(starRngat7am),duringnutriRon,orduringlunch.AUerschoolbyappointmentonly.– YoumayalsostopintogetstampsduringthisRme

Announcements

Reminders:• Noelectronicswithoutpermission• NoeaRng/gum• Nohatsoninclass• Usethebathroom&tardylogs• Bringplannerseveryday

Announcements • QuizToday

– IwillcollectquizzesandreturnthemTues/Wed

– Whathappensifyoudon’tscorewell?– Youcancompletequizretakesbeforeschool,duringnutriRon/lunch,oraUerschoolbyappointmentonly

– Youmustbringinthequizyouwanttoretake

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Planner: •  Ch.1WKS#1byendofweek•  Checkouttextbookifneeded•  LabmaterialsThurs/Fri

Table of Contents #1: 1.  Syllabus2.  LabSafetyWS3.  Ch.1WKS#1

Quiz Protocol

• Noiselevel0• Eyesonownpaper• Flipoverwhenfinished• NotalkingunRlquizzesarecollected

• RaiseyourhandifyouhaveaquesRon

CW

1.  Correctquizzes2.  BeginCh.1HW!finishby

Friday

Tomorrow:Ch.1NotesandLabIntro.

Chemistry Day 3

Tuesday, August 23 – Wednesday, August 24, 2016

Do-Now: Title a piece of paper “Ch. 1 Notes” 1. Write down today’s FLT 2. What do you think global warming means? 3. Why do you think people are concerned

about global warming? 4. What do you think causes global warming? 5.  Underneath your do-now questions, draw a

column for Cornell notes (we will be taking later in class). Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Announcements

• Bringplannerstoclasseveryday• Wewillbeginalabthisweek.Avoidmissingclass–labsare25%ofyourtotalgrade

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Announcements • Whathappensifyoudon’tgetworkstampedinclass?

• Seemeoutsideofclass•  Ifyourlabisfinishedandhasn’tbeencheckedyet,leaveyournotebookonmydesktogetgraded.

Planner: •  Finish Ch. 1 WS •  Bring model materials!

Table of Contents #1: 4. Ch. 1 Notes

FLT •  I will be able to design a model to

minimize heat transfer by completing Penguin Lab

Standard HS-ETS1-1: Analyze a major global challege to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants

Notes Protocol •  Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 •  Raise hand to question/comment •  Be prepared to pair-share-respond

Chapter 1 1.1: Introduction to Chemistry

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What is Chemistry? •  Chemistry = study of the composition of

matter & the changes matter undergoes

So…What is Matter? •  Matter = anything that has mass and volume

(occupies space)

Chemistry •  Because living and nonliving things are made

of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events

Fields of Chemistry

Areas of Study The 5 traditional areas of study are: 1.  Inorganic chemistry 2.  Organic chemistry 3.  Biochemistry 4.  Analytical chemistry 5.  Physical chemistry

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Inorganic Chemistry •  Inorganic Chemistry =

Study of chemicals that generally do not contain carbon.

•  Inorganic chemicals are found mainly in non-living things, such as rocks.

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Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry •  Organic chemistry = Study of all chemicals

containing C and H •  While it is true that organic compounds can contain

other elements, the bond between carbon and hydrogen is what makes a compound organic.

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Organic Chemistry dopamine

Biochemistry •  Biochemistry = The study of the chemistry of living

organisms •  Biochemistry has become the foundation for

understanding all biological processes. It has provided explanations for the causes of many diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

Analytical Chemistry •  Analytical chemistry = Focuses on the composition

of matter to reveal its composition, structure, and extent.

•  It’s the science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists.

Physical Chemistry •  Physical chemistry = Blends chemistry and physics.

Involves the physical characteristics (properties) of molecules.

•  There are 3 branches: Thermodynamics (energetics of chemical rxns), quantum chemistry (structure of molecules), and chemical kinetics (rates of rxn).

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Making the Connection! dopamine

Pair-Share-Respond 1.   Definema*er2.   Givetwoexamplesofma*er3.   Whatarethe5branchesofchemistry?4.   Trytodescribeeachofthefivebranchestoyourtablepartner

1.2: Why Chemistry?

1.2: Chemistry Far and Wide •  Why is chemistry important? •  Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural

world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.

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Why Study Chemistry? •  Chemistry plays a key

role in the production of new materials. In this section, you will learn how chemistry affects many aspects of your life.

•  Chemistry supplies the medicine, material, and technology that doctors use to treat

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•  Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve, produce energy, and store energy.

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•  Chemists also help to develop more effective and environmentally friendly ways to grow crops.

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•  Everything in the environment is composed of chemicals.

•  Chemists search for new knowledge about chemicals and use it to improve life.

•  Lastly, chemists help to identify pollutants and ways to prevent pollution.

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Scientific Investigation

1.3: Thinking Like a Scientist •  Scientists follow logical steps

in order to determine a solution for a scientific problem

•  Steps in the scientific method include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories.

Step 1: Purpose •  What is the reason why you’re conducting the

experiment?

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Step 2: Formulate A Hypothesis •  After sufficient data is collected, a hypothesis is

proposed that states a possible explanation of the observations.

Step 3: Experiment •  Design an experiment to test the validity of your

hypothesis. What materials and procedures are

Step 4: Analyze •  Analyze your collected data and see if you

accept or reject your hypothesis.

Step 5: Conclusion •  Compare the hypothesis to the experiment’s

conclusion. If it does not match, then propose a new hypothesis from your observations and start over.

Scientific Theory vs. Law •  Theory: Well-tested

explanation for a set of observations; can never be proven (open to revisions by other scientists who test the explanation).

•  Law: A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.

Pair-Share-Respond 1. What are the steps of scientific inquiry? 2. What happens if your observations do not

support your hypothesis? 3. Distinguish between a scientific theory and

law

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Energy

Global Warming •  The energy that we use in our daily life comes

from power plants •  Most power plants obtain their energy by

burning fossil fuels

Global Warming •  This leads to increased levels of carbon dioxide

in the atmosphere, which is linked to increased global temperatures

Penguins •  As the Earth warms, pack ice melts, and

penguins lose habitat •  Additionally, they also lose food sources, such

as krill, which feed on the algae under ice

Penguins •  Let’s watch a video to look at the penguin

situation

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How Does Heat Transfer?

Insulation & Conduction •  Let’s say you have a can of soda, and you want

to keep it cold until lunch. What kind of material can you wrap around the soda can to help keep it cool?

•  Think…paper towel, foil, wool, cotton,...?

Insulation & Conduction •  A wooly sock would actually keep the soda can

colder than the other materials because it is a better insulator

Insulation & Conduction •  Let’s say you have two trays – one metal and

one plastic. •  If you placed each in a freezer, and then later

took them out, which would stay cool longer?

Insulation & Conduction •  Heat transfers more slowly to the plastic tray,

and so it will remain colder longer

Insulation & Conduction •  Let’s say you have a plastic spoon and a silver

spoon •  Which spoon would feel colder in your hand if

you took them out of a freezer?

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Insulation & Conduction •  Let’s say you have a plastic spoon and a silver

spoon •  Which spoon will work best to keep an ice cube

from melting?

Insulation & Conduction •  Ice will stay colder longer in the plastic spoon,

whereas the ice will melt relatively quickly in the silver spoon

Insulation & Conduction •  Heat transfers from where the temperature is

higher to where the temperature is lower, and that heat transfers faster through silver than plastic

•  Holding silver will feel colder in your hand, though, because the heat is being transferred from your hand at a greater rate

Convection Demo

Insulation & Conduction •  We have cold water and hot water, each dyed

different colors •  What do you think will happen when I add hot

water to the cold water bin?

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Insulation & Conduction •  I also have salt water. What do you think will

happen when I add the saltwater in as well?

Challenge

“Save the Penguins!” Lab

Learning the science of heat transfer through engineering design and applying the scientific method to a real world problem.

Lab By: Christine Schnittka, Randy Bell, and Larry Richards

Challenge •  We will use ice cubes to represent our

penguins, and lamps to represent increased global temperatures

Challenge •  Our goal will be to build a dwelling for our

penguins to keep them from melting •  What kind of materials can you build your

dwelling with in order to reduce the amount of melting?

Challenge •  Eachgroupselectsmaterialsneededtobuildtheirdwelling.

•  Youcannotchangeyourmaterialsonceyouhavechosenthem.

•  Youwillbegradedonyourlabdataandwrigenreport

•  Youwillneedtodemonstrateanimprovementinyourmodelacross3-4trials

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Challenge 1.  You can use whatever material you want

that is no thicker than 1cm and must be cut in 2’x2’ squares.

2.  Your first trial can only consist of 2 layers. 3.  Your design must evolve according to the

data from trial 1. 4.  For every trial, you need to write down what

you changed and WHY you changed your design.

•  Example: If you are adding a material. Why? Why that material?

CW 1.  In your lab groups, brainstorm what materials

you will bring. Remember, you will need to revise your model.

2.  What is the guiding question of this lab? What are we trying to accomplish? Write this down.

3.  Develop a hypothesis for this lab. A hypothesis is written in the “If ____, then____ because____” form.

–  Ex/ If I slowly pour hot water over cold water, then the hot water will initially settle on top of the cold water because cold water has a greater density.

4.  Begin to work on your introduction for this lab. Try to summarize the heat concepts we discussed, as well as the problem penguins face. How does our lab connect to these ideas?

Chemistry Day 3

Tuesday, August 23 – Wednesday, August 24, 2016

Do-Now: 1.  Take out your lab notes from the last class 2.  Take out your dwelling materials 3. We will complete the lab today. You will

need to work on your final lab report outline as you complete the lab.

Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Announcements

• Bringplannerstoclasseveryday• Wewillbeginalabthisweek.Avoidmissingclass–labsare25%ofyourtotalgrade

Planner: •  Ch. 1 Quiz Monday •  Lab report due by Friday (9/2)

Table of Contents #1: • No new assignments today

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FLT •  I will be able to design a model to

minimize heat transfer by completing Penguin Lab

Standard HS-ETS1-1: Analyze a major global challege to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants

Last Class 1.  In your lab groups, brainstorm what materials

you will bring. Remember, you will need to revise your model.

2.  What is the guiding question of this lab? What are we trying to accomplish? Write this down.

3.  Develop a hypothesis for this lab. A hypothesis is written in the “If ____, then____ because____” form.

–  Ex/ If I slowly pour hot water over cold water, then the hot water will initially settle on top of the cold water because cold water has a greater density.

4.  Begin to work on your introduction for this lab. Try to summarize the heat concepts we discussed, as well as the problem penguins face. How does our lab connect to these ideas?

Scientific Investigation Step 1: Question

•  What is the guiding question? •  You MUST include the major issue you’re trying to find

a solution for.

Scientific Investigation Step 2: Hypothesis

•  Come up with an initial hypothesis for your question.

•  *It must be an “If____, then____, because____” statement

Scientific Investigation Step 3: Experiment

•  Design an experiment to test your hypothesis. •  Think about how will you try to prove that your

hypothesis is correct?

Scientific Investigation Step 4: Analyze Data

•  How will you collect data? •  What does your data tell you? •  According to your data, is your

hypothesis correct or incorrect?

•  What happens if you’re hypothesis is incorrect? What steps will you take to make your experiment better? How will you IMPROVE your hypothesis?

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Scientific Investigation Step 5: Conclusion

•  Write a thorough conclusion summarizing your data and results. What did you learn? What are you going to take away from this experiment? What was the purpose of this experiment? Were there any errors you made? How did you improve your experiment for a better grade? What were some problems you ran into?

Save Your Penguin!

Using a Digital Balance Place weigh boat on balance

Press the “Zero” Button Add Materials to Weigh Boat

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Record Mass Remove Material from Weigh Boat

Experiment Outline •  10 minutes to finalize design (cardboard + 2

materials) •  Take mass of ice cubes using weigh boats •  5 minutes in the oven while you work on report •  Re-mass ice cube, take picture, and make notes on

observations •  10 minutes to design trial 2 (anything you want) •  Mass + 5 minutes in the oven + work on report •  Re-mass + record observations/data •  10 minutes to design trial 3 (anything you want) •  Mass + 5 minutes in the oven + work on report

Experiment •  Grab materials you may need: ruler, scissors, glue, etc. •  Take 10 minutes to design your dwelling

–  It should be 2” x 2”

•  Remember: you need to reduce the amount of melting that occurs!

•  Finished? Try taking a picture to help you remember for your report.

•  Have someone set a timer for five minutes (don’t start it yet)

•  Read over report instructions

Experiment: Trial One •  Take mass of ice cube using weigh boats and the

digital balance •  Make sure digital balance is zeroed with your

weigh boat on it •  Place your ice cube in the weigh boat and record

mass •  Wipe off weigh boats when finished •  Then, quickly put your ice cube in your dwelling •  We will put them in the “oven” for five minutes

Experiment: Trial One •  5 minutes in the oven! •  Begin working on a draft for your

report •  Remember: labs are worth 25% of your

grade

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Experiment: Trial Two •  Remove ice cubes and re-mass •  Be sure to wipe down weigh boats •  Excess ice cubes go in the sink •  Write down your new mass in your notes. •  Find the change in mass by subtracting from your

original mass. •  Take 10 minutes to revise your design. Make

notes and take pictures. •  Reset timers

Experiment: Trial Two •  5 minutes in the oven! •  Begin working on a draft for your

report • When finished, remove dwellings and re-

mass ice cubes

Experiment: Trial Three •  Remove ice cubes and re-mass •  Be sure to wipe down weigh boats •  Excess ice cubes go in the sink •  Write down your new mass in your notes. •  Find the change in mass by subtracting from your

original mass. •  Take 10 minutes to revise your design. Make

notes and take pictures. Justify your choices. •  Reset timers

Experiment: Trial Three •  5 minutes in the oven! •  Begin working on a draft for your

report • When finished, remove dwellings and re-

mass ice cubes

Post-Lab • Work on your lab report •  Final report should be submitted by

next Friday • Monday: Ch. 1 Quiz