cherenkov detectors for b physics sacha kopp university of texas at austin cos c = 1/(n ) cc...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics
Sacha Kopp
University of Texas at Austin
cosC = 1/(n)
C“radiator”
“photo-detector”
![Page 2: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2/30
Good Ol’ Days of Cherenkov Counters
ThresholdCounter
Velocity Selector
“Fitch Counter”
![Page 3: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3/30
Ring-Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH)
• First detectors: DELPHI “RICH” at LEP SLD “CRID” at SLC
• Both TMAE-based TPC’s, dual radiator
Original proposal in J. Séguinot & T. Ypsilantis, Nucl. Instr. Meth. 142, 377 (1977)
figures from J. Séguinot CERN-89-12
![Page 4: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4/30
BaBar “Detector of Internally-Reflected Cherenkov-light (DIRC)”
![Page 5: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5/30
DIRC Principle ee
t ~ 300 nsabout collision time
t ~ 8 nsabout collision timefigures from J. Schwiening, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A502, 67 (2003)
![Page 6: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6/30
BaBar DIRC Performance
figures from B. Ratcliff, RICH2004 Conference
![Page 7: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7/30
Belle DetectorSC solenoid 1.5T
CsI(Tl) 16X0
TOF counter
8GeV e -
Si vtx. det.3 lyr. DSSD
μ/KL detection14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe
Tracking + dE/dxsmall cell + He/C2H5
3.5GeV e +
Aerogel Cherenkov cnt.n=1.015~1.030
AK=0.101±0.025±0.005
3.9
![Page 8: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/30
Particle Identification at Belle
slide taken from Blair Ratcliff, RICH 2004 Conference
p/K/π separation is based on Likelihood ratio:
LR(K)=L(K)+L(π)
L(K)
![Page 9: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9/30
CLEO-IIIRICH
Detector
• Fit inside existing CsI calorimeter (102 cm ID)
• Limit to 13% X0
• Needed <20 cm depth 0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
eKp
Che
renk
ov A
ngle
(ra
d)
Momentum (GeV/c)
C = 12.8 mrad in LiF
• Coverage for daughters of B mesons produced at rest: pmax ~ 2.65 GeV/c
![Page 10: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10/30
Photon Detectors
Charged Particle
Cherenkov Photon
Nitrogen Expansion Volume
Carbon Fiber Support Tube
LiF Crystal
LiF + TEA Detector
![Page 11: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11/30
0
20
40
60
80
100
2 4 6 8 10 12
Wavelength (nm)
Tra
nsm
issi
on
orQ
uant
um E
ffic
ienc
y (%
)
Photon Energy (eV)
LiF
CaF2
He+TEA
CH4+TEA
C* (6.42)C* (7.48)
C*(7.94)
N* (8.30)
620 310 207 155 124 103
ROYGBIV
O2
H2O
• Alkali-halide crystals low dispersion (n/ = 0.0023 nm-1): cosC = 1/n() Can fabricate with good transparency, large sizes (after many yrs’ effort)
• Sole example in world: previous effort by Sauli @ FNAL E605, npe ~ 1-2
![Page 12: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12/30
• Images are conic intersections distorted and truncated by refractive effects.
• Total internal reflection for trk < 6° sawtooth radiatorAlso reduces chromatic aberrations
Radiator Optics
Image in photon detectors:
charged track
Sawtooth image in detectors:
primary arcssecondary arcs (+1 reflection)
charged track
emerging
internally reflected radiator
photon detector
charged track charged track
reflected emerging
4mm
Planar radiator Sawtooth radiator
A. Efimov and S. Stone, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A371, 79 (1996)
![Page 13: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13/30
![Page 14: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14/30
Anode Wires
1 mm
e-CH +TEA gas4CaF Window2
4.5 mm
Window Frame
Cathode Pads
• Multiwire chamber 20246 cm2
• CH4 + TEA gas (no blinds/cloisons)
• Total 15 m2 of chambers
• <8% “dead area”
• No observed aging of components from corrosive TEA
• Cathode pad readout (80% coupling)
• Achieve effective gain ~ 105
Photon Detector MWPCs
S.K. & Georg Viehhauser
![Page 15: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15/30
Single Photo-electron Detection• Assume:
electronics = 400 e
chamber gain ~ 40,000
• Charged ptcles ionize ~ 62 e-/cm in CH4
• Single ’s: large statistical fluctuations.• Gain limit g~105 due to feedback
(R.Arnold et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A270, 255 (1980).
originally seen by H. Schlumbohm, Z. Phys. 151, 563 (1958)
• Analog readout of signal accurate clustering in RICH identification of charged
particles
4
/1dze
ggz
= e4/g
= 96%
![Page 16: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16/30
Readout Electronics
• VA_RICH chip variation of chip used for Si tracking detectors (input Cdet)
daisy-chain multiple chips into one VME controller input protection (protect against chamber sparking) dynamic range 650,000 e
Marina Artuso
![Page 17: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17/30
Electronics Performance
• 230,400 channels in CLEO RICH onboard sparsification.
• Coherent noise subtraction was an improvement, also adopted for CsI incoh ~ 2.6 ADC counts ~ 400e
Marina Artuso & Silvia Schuh
![Page 18: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18/30
• Parasitic µ beam (> 100 GeV).
• 2 MWPCs as track reference
• Demonstrated npe~12 expected for CLEO-III
Sawtooth works as expected given clarity measurements.
RICH Beam Test
E866 beam dump
MWPC1MWPC2
Trigger counters
Vetocounter
1.5 m
RICHconcrete
N = 13.5N = 13.5
=4.8 mr =4.8 mr
CC
NN
![Page 19: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19/30
photo of beam testBeamline
Elliot Lipeles
Ray Mountain
Silvia Schuh
Alex Efimov
![Page 20: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20/30
Beam Test Events Planar
Sawtooth
M. Artuso et al Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A441, 374 (2000)
![Page 21: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21/30Sheldon Stone
Yuri Maravin
Jeff Cherwinka
Rachid Ayad
Rachid Ayad
![Page 22: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22/30
AlexSmith
RayMountain
GeorgViehhauser
SilviaShuh
![Page 23: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23/30
Ray Mountain
Jeff Cherwinka
Georg Viehhauser
![Page 24: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24/30
First CLEO-III Data
ee ee taken from T. Skwarnicki, BCP Conference, Taipei, Dec. ‘99
![Page 25: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25/30
CLEO-III RICH Performance
M. Artuso et al, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A554: 147-194 (2005)
BDK
BD
Beam Constrained Mass (GeV/c)
A. Bornheim et al, Phys. Rev. D68:052002 (2003)
![Page 26: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26/30
LHCb Layout
b Exp’ts at Hadron Machines
CERN LHC Proposed for FNAL Tevatron
• Purpose is to collect large samples to over-constrain Unitarity Triangle and search for New Physics.
![Page 27: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27/30
Particle ID in Forward b Experiments
Gas
C4F8O
n=1.00138
LiquidC5F12
n=1.24
(proximity focused)(mirror-focused)
(mirror-focused)BTeV RICH
![Page 28: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28/30
-20,000 V
-19,890 V
-15,800 V
ground
Vacuum-based Photodetectors
0pe 1pe
2pe
3pe
BTeV HPD readout with VA_RICH
87 mm
125 mm
e-
+60 VSilicondiode
HPD: DEP PP0380AT
figures from T. Skwarnicki, presentation at DOE review of BTeV
![Page 29: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29/30
MAPMTs
Beam(120 GeV p)
Glassmirror
Gas tank:C4F8O
and Argon
Beam Test of BTeV RICH
figures from T. Skwarnicki, presentation at DOE review of BTeVJ.C. Wang
R. MountainS. Blusk
![Page 30: Cherenkov Detectors for b Physics Sacha Kopp University of Texas at Austin cos C = 1/(n ) CC “radiator” “photo-detector”](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d375503460f94a102e9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30/30
Looking Back• The CLEO-III/c RICH detector works well
• We all made it through a challenging project working beyond edge of demonstrated technology rising/falling of semiconductor industry learning curve in chambers, crystals, gas systems, electronics, … near-miss not choosing CsI or other photocathode
• I would like to express my gratitude and admiration for my coworkers at Syracuse, and those that followed to make the RICH a success.
• All of us grateful for the job Sheldon did supporting our research encouraging “discussion” spreading infectious enthusiasm maintaining focus providing “guidance” to young turks
• I wish Sheldon & Syracuse group many years of productive research