CHAPTER 4AP US

HISTORY

THE CHESAPEAKEChesapeake area composed of Maryland and Virginia coloniesDiseases like malaria, small pox, yellow fever, dysentery, and typhoid commonPeople who left England and came to Chesapeake area took 10 years off their lives

Frontier life was harder on females than it was on malesFamily life was very fragile

Chesapeake region survived because of tobaccoTobacco created a need for additional labor force

I CAN DESCRIBE THE LIFE CONDITIONS OF THE CHESAPEAKE COLONIES AND THE EFFECTS ON COLONISTS

I CAN IDENTIFY WHAT SAVED THE CHESAPEAKE COLONIES

INDENTURED SERVANTS

Tobacco caused a need for more laborFamilies wouldn’t work b/c they were growing to slowlyIndians wouldn’t work because they died quicklySolution was indentured servitude

Indentured servants signed a contract to work for people in exchange for their way to the New WorldWorked from 2-9 years (usually 7)

FREEDOM DUESWhen the time was up, master paid a little money, clothes, maybe land…sometimes nothing

HEADRIGHT SYSTEMWhen a person pays for one’s passage, they got 50 acres of land per person

I CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASONS FOR INDENTURED SERVITUDE AND HOW IT FUNCTIONED

BACON’S REBELLIONShowed the problem of indentured servants

Led by Nathaniel Bacon who led 1000 men against Virginia Governor Berkeley

Angry at Gov. Berkeley because of his friendly Indian policy which hurt freed indentured servantsBacon’s Rebellion occurred in 1676

First Rebellion in American Historyand moves us towards slavery!!!!

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENTS OF AND IMPORTANCE OF BACON’S REBELLION

AFRICAN SLAVERY

Middle PassageName for the terrible ordeal that the slaves were forced to endure on the way to the America’s

Slaves were imported from African on overcrowded ships

Every inch of space was used

20% of all slaves die on trip; dead thrown overboard

I CAN DEFINE AND DESCRIBE THE MIDDLE PASSAGE

LIFE IN THE SOUTHVery hard in the Deep

South for slaves

Chesapeake area not as hard b/c of tobacco cultivation

MAIN CROPS IN SOUTHChesapeake region--tobaccoDeep South--Rice and Indigo

CHARLESTONWas the largest port in the South

FFV’sKnown as the ‘First Families of Virginia’ Examples include Washington’s and Lee’s

Plantation Owners

Small Farmers

Landless Whites

Indentured Servants

Slaves

Levels of Southern Society

I CAN DESCRIBE LIFE IN THE SOUTH AND THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE

NEW ENGLAND LIFESettlers in New England added 10 years to their life spans

New Englanders tended to settle as families instead of single individuals like the Chesapeake

Married early and had lots of children

Children grew up in strong homes, learned obedience

Women have less rights in New EnglandNew England Education

HARVARD

First college established in colonies Established in 1636Goal was to train men for the ministry

I CAN DESCRIBE LIFE IN THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

NEW ENGLAND LIFECongregational Church

Official church of Puritan New EnglandVery democratic in nature

Town Meetings

Commonly found in New England communitiesBeginning of the birth of democracyI CAN DESCRIBE LIFE IN THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

NEW ENGLAND LIFENew England focused mostly on lumber, shipbuilding, trade, and fishing because of rocky soil

Cod was the main fish caught in New England

I CAN DESCRIBE LIFE IN THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Puritan Problems

Puritan zeal for beliefs was less

Jermiad’s were “hell fire and brimstone” sermons calling Puritans back to their beliefs

Jeremiads

Half-Way CovenantGave partial membership and allowed baptism to unconverted children of members

I CAN SUMMARIZE THE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN THE PURITAN CHURCH AND ITS ATTEMPTED SOLUTIONS

SALEM WITCH TRIALSInvolved a hunt for witches in Puritan community of Salem in 1692

19 of 20 accused “witches” were put to death including 2 dogs

Really involved a battle between the “haves” and “have nots”

Ended when the Governor’s own wife was accused

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS

ADDITIONAL NEW ENGLAND FACTS

New Englander’s were stubborn, stern, hardworking, but full of energy

Boston was nicknamed the hub of the universe

“Worth a Candle”--any job worth doing after dark would have to be really important to use a candle b/c they were so expensive

People who came to America were normally middle class