chesapeake bay: an introduction to an ecosystem section 4: communities ii-1e1: wetlands
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Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 4: Communities II-1E1: Wetlands. View this quiz as a slide show from “the beginning” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chesapeake Bay:An Introduction to an Ecosystem
Section 4: CommunitiesII-1E1: Wetlands
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__________________ are environments subjected to periodic flooding or prolonged saturation, producing specific plant communities and soil types.
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Wetlands
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II-1E1-1
Wetlands are characterized by __________ vegetation (water-loving plants adapted to wet soils) and __________ soils (saturated or periodically flooded soils).
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hydric
hydrophyticII-1E1-2
Name the two broad categories of wetlands in the Bay watershed.
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1. Tidal2. Nontidal or palustrine
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II-1E1-3
Nontidal or ____________ wetlands are freshwater areas unaffected by the tides.
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palustrine
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II-1E1-4
Name three factors that determine the specific plant and animal life a wetland can support.
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1. Salinity2. Substrate3. Frequency of flooding
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II-1E1-5
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True
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Identify the tidal wetland vegetation
Spartina patens
II-1E1-6
Tidal wetlands are dominated by _______________ vegetation and are subjected to tidal flooding.
Another word for non-woody
herbaceous
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II-1E1-7
Name four vegetation that may dominate the high marsh zone.
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1. saltmeadow cordgrass2. black needlerush3. saltgrass4. marsh elder.
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II-1E1-8
True or False: Freshwater marshes do not have low and high zones.
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False
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II-1E1-9
Name four vegetations you may find along the water’s edge of a freshwater marsh.
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1. wild rice2. arrow arum3. pickerel weed4. pond lily
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II-1E1-10
Name two plants that may be prevalent in the high zone of a freshwater marsh.
Freshwater marshes can be tidal
1. cattail2. big cordgrass
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II-1E1-11
Label the diagram
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II-1E1-12
Name six trees commonly found in forested wetlands.
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1. red maple2. black gum3. river birch4. black willow5. Atlantic white cedar6. bald cypress
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II-1E1-13
Name five plants that non-tidal wetlands frequently contain.
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1. Bulrush2. broad-leaved cattail3. jewel weed4. spike rushes5. sedges.
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II-1E1-14
Forested wetlands, often referred to as __________, may have permanent standing water or may be seasonally flooded.
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swamps
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II-1E1-15
Name three types of shrubs often present in forested wetlands.
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1. Willows2. Alders3. button bushes
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II-1E1-16
True or False: Plant diversity, biochemical reactions and hydrology of wetland habitats make them extremely productive.
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true
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II-1E1-17
The below-ground biomass in a wetland, composed of root and rhizome material, is often _______________ the above-ground biomass.
Almost halfAbout the samemore than double
more than double
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II-1E1-18
The huge biomass in a wetland contians a tremendous reservoir of nutrients and chemicals bound up in _____________and_________________.
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plant tissue sediments
II-1E1-19
Approximately 1.5 million acres of wetlands remain in the Bay watershed, less ______% of the wetlands that were here during colonial times.
10255075
50
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II-1E1-20
Of the remaining wetlands, ____% are tidal and _____% are nontidal.
9/9113/8727/7361/39
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8713
II-1E1-21
Explain how wetlands have been treated in the past & why.
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Often viewed as wastelands, wetlands were drained or filled for farms, residential developments, commercial buildings, highways and roads.
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II-1E1-22
Name five types of wildlife that rely on wetlands for food and cover.
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1. Muskrats2. Beavers3. Otters4. Songbirds5. wading birds
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II-1E1-23
Name seven of the thousands of aquatic animals that thrive in wetlands and are food for other organisms.
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1. Reptiles2. Amphibians3. Worms4. Insects5. snails
6. Mussels7.
tiny crustaceans
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II-1E1-24
Fish and shellfish, many of which are commercially valuable, use wetlands as ___________ or _____________ areas.
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spawning nursery
II-1E1-25
Tidal wetlands are the __________ homes for great flocks of migratory
waterfowl.
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wintering
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II-1E1-26
________________ plants and animals are the major food source for other
wetland inhabitants
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Decomposing
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II-1E1-27
A host of invertebrates feed on decomposing plants and animals. This
nutrient rich ___________ is also available to juvenile stages of fish and
crabs.
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detritus
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II-1E1-28
In a wetland, a dense layer of microscopic plants and animals, including ___________ and ___________, coats the land surface
and serves as food.
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bacteriaalgae
II-1E1-29
Explain why wetlands are important for controlling flood and storm waters.
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Fast-moving water is slowed by vegetation and temporarily stored in wetlands. The gradual release of water reduces erosion and possible property damage. Coastal wetlands absorb the erosive energy of
waves, further reducing erosion.
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II-1E1-30
Nutrients, carried to wetlands by tides, precipitation, runoff and groundwater, are trapped and used by wetland ____________.
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vegetation
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II-1E1-31
Poised between land and water, wetlands act as _________, regulating
the flow of sediments and nutrients into rivers and the Bay.
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buffers
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II-1E1-32
As water runs off the land and passes through wetlands, it is filtered.
Suspended solids, including sediment pollutants, settle and are trapped by
______________.
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vegetation
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II-1E1-33
What are some ways humans benefit from wetlands?
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Economically, wetlands provide opportunities for fishing, crabbing and
hunting. Other popular activities include hiking, bird-watching, photography and wildlife study. People are lured by the
beauty of wetlands to enjoy the sights and sounds that these areas can offer.
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II-1E1-34