chess game- opening moves-2
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chess famous opening moves for learning chess through practiceTRANSCRIPT
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12 Learning Chess – Opening Moves
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Opening Theory (1) e4 e5Opening Theory (1) e4 e5
1…e5 (Black mirrors White’s move Guarantees himself a portion of the Center & a scope to develop his pieces.One of the few moves that directly interferes with White’s plan of play 2.d4BUT the move has demerits as well: With the symmetrical position, White again has the initiative to sooner/later break the symmetry to his own advantage
Classical move for White 2. Nf3 which threatens Black’s undefended pawn while preparing one of his pieces for kingside castling.
Another plan is to open the f-file for an attack on Black’s weak f7, an idea which underlies a trio of related moves (Variations of which frequently transpose into each other)
2.f4, The King’s Gambit2.Nc3, The Vienna Game2.Bc4, The Bishop’s Opening2.d4, White smashes the center open in order to quickly develop his pieces by sacrificing a pawn or two!
Other less common moves include:2. Qh5 (Parham Attack)2. Bb5 (Portuguese Opening2.Qf3 Napoleon Opening2.Ne2 Alapins Opening2.Bd3 Tortoise Opening2.Ke2 Bongcloud Attack2.c3 Lopez Opening2. d3 Leanardis Variation (Nf3 81%, f4 6%, Nc3 6%, d4 2% and all others <0.5%)
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Opening Theory (1) e4 e5- Theory TableOpening Theory (1) e4 e5- Theory Table2 3 4 5 6 7
Ruy Lopez Nf3 Nc6 Bb5 A6
Ba4Nf6
O-OBe7
Re1B5
Bb3d6
=
King’s Gambit
F4Exf4
Nf3G5
H4G4
Ne5Nf6
Bc4D5
Exd5Bd6
=
Vienna Game Nc3Nf6
F4D5
Fxe5Nxe4
Nf3Be7
D4Bb4
Bd2Bg4
=
Bishops Opening
Bc4Nf6
D4Exd4
Nf3Bb4+
C3Dxc3
Bxc3Bc5
E5D5
=
Center Game D4Exd4
Qxd4Nc6
Qe3Nf6
Nc3Bb4
Bd20-0
0-0-0Re8
=
Parham Attack
Qh5Nc6
Bc4G6
Qf3Nf6
Ne2Bg7
Nbc3D6
=
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Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5
Opening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Ruy LopezOpening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Ruy Lopez
3…Bb5 the essential move marking the Ruy Lopez or Spanish Game. Can be played from both White & Black
**White threatens to trade bishop against the Knight, leaving the pawn undefended
Black can respond in a variety of ways. The most Classical is the Morphy Defense (3.a6) which forces the White to make a decision about his bishop.
It’s not a real THREAT because after 4.Bxc6 dxc6 5.Nxe5, Black can fork the knight & a pawn with 5. Qd4 or 5.Qg5
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Opening Theory (1) e4 e5- Ruy Lopez-Theory TableOpening Theory (1) e4 e5- Ruy Lopez-Theory Table3 4 5 6 7
Morphy Defense ..A6
Ba4Nf6
0-0Be7
Re1B5
Bb30-0
=
Berlin Defense …Nf6
0-0Nxe4
D4Nd6
Bxc6Dxc6
Dxe5Nf5
+=
Smyslov Defense …G6
C3A6
Ba4D6
D4Bd7
0-0Bg7
+=
Classical Defense …Bc5
0-0Nd4
Nxd4Bxd4
C3Bb6
D4C5
+=
Jaenisch Gambit …F5
Nc3Fxe4
Nxe4D5
Nxe5Dxe4
Nxc6Qg5
+=
Bird’s Defense …Nd4
Nxd4Exd4
o-OBc5
D3C6
Ba4Ne7
+=
Steinitz Defense …D6
D4Bd7
Nc3Exd4
Nxd4G6
Be3Bg7
+=
Cozio Defense …Nge7
0-0G6
C3Bg7
D4Exd4
Cxd4D5
+=
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Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.f4
Opening Theory (1) e4 e5 – King’s GambitOpening Theory (1) e4 e5 – King’s Gambit
White offers a pawn & temporarily weakens his kingside in order to get the opportunity to play d4
White is considered to have surrendered an advantage when black accepts the gambit, and therefore, the lines of King’s Gambit have declined in popularity at Masters Level
Black’s moves:- May accept the pawn & play
2.exf4- Refuse it (Many opportunities
are in the offering)Most played are:- 2.Bc5- 2.d5- 2.Nc6 (variation rarely explored)
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Opening Theory (1) e4 e5- King’s Gambit-Theory TableOpening Theory (1) e4 e5- King’s Gambit-Theory Table2 3 4 5 6 7 8
King’s Gambit Accepted F4Exf4
Nf3G5
H4G4
Ne5Nf6
D4D6
Nd3Nxe4
∞
King’s Gambit Declined …Bc5
Nf3D6
Nc3Nf6
Bc4Nc6
D3Bg4
Na40-0
+=
Falkbeer Countergambit …D5
Exd5C6
Nc3Exf4
Nf3Bd6
D4Ne7
Bc40-0
+=
King’s Gambit Declined …D6
Nf3 +=
King’s Gambit Declined …Nc6
Nf3F5
Exf5E4
Ne5Nf6
D3Qe7
Dxe4Nxe5
∞
Panteldakis Countergambit …F5
Exf5 +=
Norwalde Variation …Qf6?!
+=
Keene Defense …Qh4+?1
G3Qe7
+=
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Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3
Opening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Vienna GameOpening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Vienna Game
White’s wish is to advance the f-pawn 2 squares to remove the Black’s powerful e5 pawn
It is possible to play 2.f4 (King’s Gambit) but it is being too hopeful!
The only threat to black is f4 which cannot be countered at the moment.
Rule! When in doubt develop a knight!
As a Black, if you find yourself under a Vienna Attack, keep your nerves! The harder White tries to checkmate the Black, the less the time he has to develop his own pieces & control the territory.
If you survive the opening, your hand is more free than Ruy Lopez!
2…Nf6 (Falkbeer/Berlin Defense) is the most common reply as it prepares to counter f4 with d5 adding another variable for White to keep track of, 2.Nc6 Max Lange Defense which will allow the Black to capture the pawn when it comes to f4 without risking his knight to the e-pawn!
Other moves include: 2.Bb4 & Bc5 which are used to initiate a counter-attack!
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Opening Theory (1) e4 e5- Vienna Game-Theory TableOpening Theory (1) e4 e5- Vienna Game-Theory Table2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Falkbeer (or Berlin) Defense …Nf6
=
Max Lange Defense …Nc6
=
Max Lange Defense …Bc5
Nf3 +=
Max Lange Defense …Bb4
=
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Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4
Opening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Bishop’s OpeningOpening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Bishop’s Opening
White targets the weak f7 pawn while keeping the possibility of deadly f2-f4
Unlike 2.Nf3 (Ruy Lopez) Black e5 pawn is not under direct attack, & therefore gives him a wide range of options!
Black’s worry is the Qh5 move & therefore should not play Be7 or Ne7
Black still has the option to mirror White’s move & play 2.Bc52.Nc6 is also playable but is more passive!2.f5 is a deadly weapon (Calabrese Counter-gambit) but sharp!2.c6 (Philidor Counterattack) prepares d5 but is often considered to slow!2.d6 may transpose to Philidor Defense but not necessarily (Black to expect 3.f5)
Main Choice is 2.Nf6 reacting to White’s passivity and attacking the e4 pawn! Moreover it also prevents Qh5!
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Opening Theory (1) e4 e5- Bishop’s Opening-Theory TableOpening Theory (1) e4 e5- Bishop’s Opening-Theory Table2
Berlin Defense …Nf6
=
Italian Game …Nc6
Nf3 =
Classical Defense …Bc5
Nc3 =
Calabrese Countergambit …F5
=
Philidor Counterattack …C6
=
…D6
=
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Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.Qxd4
Opening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Center GameOpening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Center Game
White is happy for knocking out Black’s only foothold in the center square (e5)
If Black simply plays Nc6, the White Queen is forced to move
3 4 5 6
Qxd4Nc6
Qe3Nf6
Nc3Bb4
Bd20-0
=
…Nf6
=
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Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Qh5
Opening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Parham AttackOpening Theory (1) e4 e5 – Parham Attack
Violates the main principle of chess (Developing the Queen too early)!
Black must defend the e5 pawn with 2.Nc6
Please note: This move offers the quickest possible checkmate if Black moves 2.Ke7 (3.Qxe5#)
2 3 4 5 6
…Nc6
Bc4G6
Qf3Nf6
Ne2Bg7
Nbc3D6
=
…G6??
Qxe5+Ne7
Qxh8 +-
…Nf6?
Qxe5+Be7
+/-
…Ke7??
Qxe5# 1-0
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Chess Opening Theory- English OpeningChess Opening Theory- English Opening
In chess, the English Opening is the opening where White begins: 1. c4A flank opening, it is the 4th most popular and the 2nd most successful of White’s 20 possible first moves. White begins the fight for the center by staking a claim to the d5 square from the wing.
Common ResponsesOpening theoreticians who write on English Opening break the opening down into 3 broad categories, generally determined by Black’s choice of defensive setups
Symmetrical Defense: 1.c5 and is so named because both the c-pawns are advanced 2 squares, maintaining symmetry. Note that Black can reach the Symmetrical Defense through many move orders by deferring c5, and often does. For example: 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 (or 2.Nf3) c5 is a Symmetrical Defense even though Black played c5 on move 2.
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Chess Opening Theory- English OpeningChess Opening Theory- English OpeningMoves: 1.c4
-it is a flank opening-it is the 4th most popular and the 2nd most successful of White’s 20 possible first moves.-White begins the fight for the center by staking a claim to the d5 square from the wing.
Common ResponsesOpening theoreticians who write on English Opening break the opening down into 3 broad categories, generally determined by Black’s choice of defensive setups
Symmetrical Defense: 1.c5 and is so named because both the c-pawns are advanced 2 squares, maintaining symmetry. Note that Black can reach the Symmetrical Defense through many move orders by deferring c5, and often does. For example: 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 (or 2.Nf3) c5 is a Symmetrical Defense even though Black played c5 on move 2.
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Chess Opening Theory- English OpeningChess Opening Theory- English Opening
In chess, the English Opening is the opening where White begins: 1. c4A flank opening, it is the 4th most popular and the 2nd most successful of White’s 20 possible first moves. White begins the fight for the center by staking a claim to the d5 square from the wing.
Reverse(d) Sicilian: The Reverse(d) Sicilian is another broad category of defense, introduced by the response 1.e5. Note again, that Black can delay playing e5 for example, 1.c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 e5 whereupon even though e5 has been delayed, once it is played, the defense is classified as a Reverse Sicilian
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Chess Opening Theory- English OpeningChess Opening Theory- English Opening
In chess, the English Opening is the opening where White begins: 1. c4A flank opening, it is the 4th most popular and the 2nd most successful of White’s 20 possible first moves. White begins the fight for the center by staking a claim to the d5 square from the wing.
Other Variations: the 3rd broad category are the non-e5 and non-c5 responses! Most often these defenses consist of Nf6, e6, and d5 or Bb4 systemic responses by Black, or a Slav-like system consisting of c6 & d5, a direct King’s Indian Defense setup with Nf6, g6, Bg7, 0-0, after which c5 & e5 are eschewed or 1. f5, which usually transposes to a Dutch Defense once White plays d4. All other irregular responses, such as 1.b6 & 1.g5 are also lumped into this category
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Chess Opening Theory- English OpeningChess Opening Theory- English Opening
In chess, the English Opening is the opening where White begins: 1. c4A flank opening, it is the 4th most popular and the 2nd most successful of White’s 20 possible first moves. White begins the fight for the center by staking a claim to the d5 square from the wing.
Common Responses to English Opening:- 1.Nf6 is the most common response to 1.c4, often played in
hopes of getting an Indian Defense. However, mostly, after this 1st move, Black elects to transpose into either a Symmetrical Defense with c5, or a Reversed Sicilian with e5.
- 1.e6 (can lead to a Queen’s Gambit Declined after 2.Nc3 d5 3.d4, but White often prefers 2.Nf3 which may lead to a variety of openings)
- 1.f5 leads to a Dutch Defense when White follows up with d4- 1.g6 may lead to a Modern Defense or after d6 & Nf6 to the
King’s Indian Defense, or stay within English lines- 1.c6 (Can lead to Slav Defense after 2.d4 d5, but White will
often prefer a Caro-Kann Defense with 2.e4 d5, or a Reti Opening after 2.Nf3 d5 3.b3)
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Chess Opening Theory- English OpeningChess Opening Theory- English Opening
In chess, the English Opening is the opening where White begins: 1. c4A flank opening, it is the 4th most popular and the 2nd most successful of White’s 20 possible first moves. White begins the fight for the center by staking a claim to the d5 square from the wing.
- 1.b6 The English Defense. This setup involves the fianchetto of the queenside bishop and 2.e6. Often Black will defer the move Nf6, choosing to attack the center with f5 and/or Qh4.
- 1.g5 an eccentric response known as Myers’ Defense. After 2.d4, Black will put pressure on the d4 square with moves such as Bg7, c5, and Qb6. white obtains a small advantage after 2.d4 Bg7 (offering a Grob-like Gambit: 3.Bxg5 c5) 3. Nc3 h6 4.e4. Myers recommends 3.c5 (instead of 3.h6) in response while another advocated is 4.dxc5
- 1.b5 the Jaenisch Gambit!
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English Opening-Transpositional PotentialEnglish Opening-Transpositional Potential
1… Nf6 White can play 2.d4, thereby transposing to an Indian Defense, which is usually reached by 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4, after which Black may play 2. …e6 (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6), or Black may play 2… g6( 1.d4 Nf6 c.c4 g6). Also white can play 2.Nf3. Then black may play 2…e6 for English (1.c4 Nf6 2.Nf3 e6). This can lead to Queen’s Gambit Declined, or Symmetrical Variation. Or black may play 2…g6 for English (1.c4 Nf6 2.Nf3 g6). This can lead to King’s Indian Defense, King’s Indian Orthodox, King’s Indian, or English. Also whtie can play 2.Nc3. Then black may play 2…e5 for English (1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e5). This can lead to English, Old Indian, Ukrainian Variation, 4.Nf3, or English. Or Black may play 2…e6 for English (1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6). This can lead to Nimzo-Indian, Classicial, Symmetrical Variation, or the Queen’s Gambit Declined.
1…e5 White can play 2.Nc3. Then Black may play 2…Nf6. Or Black may play 2…Nc6 for English (1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6). Also white can play 2.g3. Then Black may play 2…Nf6 for English (1.c4 e5 2. g3 Nf6). Or Black may play 2…Nc6 (1.c4 e5 2. g3 Nc6).
1…c5 White can play 2.Nf3. Then Black may play 2…Nf6 for Symmetrical Variation (1.Nf3 c5 2.c4 Nf6). This can lead to Symmetrical Variation (A30), symmetrical Variation (A35), Queen’s Pawn Game (E10), or Symmetrical Variation, Benoni Formation (A31). Or Black may play 2…Nc6 for Reti Opening (A04, 1.Nf3 c5 2.c4 Nc6). This can lead to Symmetrical Variation (A35), Reti Opening (A04), or Symmetrical Variation (A33). Also white can play 2.Nc3. Then Black may play 2…Nf6 for Symmetry Variation (A34, 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nf6). This can lead to Symmetrical Variation (A30), Symmetrical Variation (A35), or Symmetrical Variation (A34). Or Black may play 2…Nc6 for English (A36, 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6). This can lead to Symmetrical Variation (A35), Reti Opening (A04), English (A36) or English (A34)
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English Opening-Transpositional PotentialEnglish Opening-Transpositional Potential
1…g6 White can play 2.d4, which is usually reached by 1.d4 g6 2. c4. so see Queen’s Pawn Game. Then black may play 2..Nf6 (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6), or black may play 2…Bg7 (1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7). Also White can play 2.Nc3 then Black may play 2…Nf6 for English (A16, 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6). This can lead to King’s Indian Defense (E97), Grunfeld Defense (D85), King’s Indian (E95) or English (A15). OR Black may play 2…Bg7 for English (A10, 1.c4 g6 2.Nc3 Bg7). This can lead to King’s Indian Defense (E97), Modern Defense, Averbakh Defense (A42), English A16, or English A36. Also white can play 2.Nf3. Then Black may play 2…Nf6 (given above) OR Black may play 2…c5 for Reti Opening (A04, 1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 g6). This can lead to Reti Opening (A04) or Sicilian, Accelerated Fianchetto (B36)1…c6 White can play, 2.e4 which is usually reached by 1.e4 c6 2.c4 so see Caro-Kann Defense. Then Black may play 2…d5 (1.e4 c6 2.c4 d5) or black may play 2…e5 (1.e4 c6 2.c4 e5). Also White can play 2.d4. Then Black may play 2…d5 for Slav Defense (D10, 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6). This can lead to Slav Defense (D10), or Queen’s Gambit Declined (D31). Or black may play 2…Nf6 for Slav Defense (D15, 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c6). This can lead to Slav Defense (D15) or Slav Defense (D10)If White plays an early d4, the game will usually transpose into either the Queen’s Gambit or an Indian Defense. For example, after 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6 3. d4 d5 the game has transposed into the Grunfeld Defense, usually reached by the move order 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5Note, however, that White can also play 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6 3.e4 making it impossible for Black to reach a Grunfeld, instead more or less forcing him into lines of the King’s Indian Defense with 3…d6. Black also cannot force a Grunfeld with 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 d5, since White can deviate with 3.cxd5 Nxd5 4.g3
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English Opening-Transpositional PotentialEnglish Opening-Transpositional Potential
Instead of playing an early d4, White can also play Nf3 and fianchetto the king’s bishop (g3 & Bg2), transposing into a Reti OpeningAlso, after 1.c4 c6, white can transpose into the Polish Opening, Outflank Variation, by playing 2.b4!? Which can be used as a surprise weapon if Black does not know very much about the Polish Opening.The many different Transpositional possibilities available to White make the English a slippery opening for Black to defend against, and make it necessary for him to consider carefully what move order to employ. For instance, if Black would like to play a Queen’s Gambit Declined, the most accurate move order to do so is 1..e6 2.d4 d5 (Ofcourse, White can again play the Reti instead with 2. Nf3 d5 3.b3) if Black plays instead 1…Nf6 2.Nc3 e6, White can avoid the QGD by playing 3.e4
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Encyclopedia of Chess OpeningsEncyclopedia of Chess Openings
- A10 1.c4- A11 1.c4 c6- A12 1.c4 c6 2.Nf3 d5 3.b3- A13 1.c4 e6- A14 1.c4 e6 2.Nf3 d5 3.g3 Nf6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.0-0- A15 1.c4 Nf6- A16 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3- A17 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6- A18 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 (Mikenas-Carls Variation)- A19 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 c5- A20 1.c4 e5- A21 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3- A22 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6- A23 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.g3 c6 (Bremen System, Keres Variation)- A24 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.g3 g6 (Bremen System with ...g6)- A25 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6- A26 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.d3 d6- A27 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 (Three Knights System)- A28 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 Nf6- A29 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.g3 (Four Knights, Kingside Fianchetto)- A30 1.c4 c5 (Symmetrical Variation)- A31 1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 (Symmetrical, Benoni Formation)- A32 1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 e6- A33 1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 e6 5.Nc3 Nc6- A34 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3- A35 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6- A36 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3- A37 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3- A38 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 Nf6- A39 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 Nf6 6.0-0 0-0 7.d4