chewing gum.doc

8/14/2019 Chewing Gum.doc

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William Wrigley +r. started the Wrigley (hewing %um (ompany in (hicago, -8. in

/". -t went on to become the single largest manufacturer and seller of chewing gum in theworld.

(hewing gum became very popular at the turn of the 5#th century, and American

soldiers stationed oversees in WW - helped spread it to Europe.

The first sugarless gum was created in the "1#$s by dentist 6r.9etrulis. 7e sold his

company to the Wrigley (ompany in the "4#$s.

Topps bubble gum company started to include cards of professional baseball players

with their gum in "1.

As of the year 5#5, there are .;0 trillion pieces of chewing gum manufactured world3

wide every year< annual sales of chewing gum world3wide is " billion dollars, and Wrigley$s(hewing %um (ompany accounts for 1= of all chewing gum manufactured world3wide.

6entists encourage the chewing of gum as an aid to good dental health, as long as it$s

sugar3free gum. (hewing gum helps stimulate the flow of saliva, a natural way to help rid teethof pla>ue and bacteria, as well as helping to dilute acids that can erode tooth enamel.

2ince 5##0,chewing gum has been banned in 2ingapore. nly gum that is of

therapeutic value and prescribed by a physician is allowed.
http://www.askdoctork.com/is-chewing-gum-good-for-your-teeth-201201121079http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum_ban_in_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum_ban_in_Singaporehttp://www.wrigley.com/global/Images/history_early_flavors.jpghttp://www.askdoctork.com/is-chewing-gum-good-for-your-teeth-201201121079http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum_ban_in_Singapore


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Flashlights - Shining Light On Their History

The flashlight is an e'ample of an invention that would have been impossible if not for theinvention of other items, such as the electric light bulb and the electric battery. The history ofthe flashlight:

The carbon filament electric light bulb was invented and patented by Thomas Edison in

/;".

*or many years, electric batteries were $wet$ cells, usually glass containers filled with

substances that produced electricity due to chemical reactions. They were fragile, heavy, anddangerous. The dry cell replaced the wet ingredients with a paste, and the first $6$ si@e dry cellbattery was invented in /"/ by The )ational (arbon (ompany.

There were many attempts to devise a portable lighting device in the late "th century.

These attempts were considered novelties with little practical value. The name flashlight comesfrom these early attempts, as they would not give a steady stream of light, but would flash.

A ussian immigrant by the name of (onrad 7ubert started his own company called

American Electrical )ovelty And &anufacturing (ompany that produced lighted stick pins anda lighted flowerpot among other novelty items. 7e recogni@ed the potential of the flashlight,and hired 6avid &isell in /";, who had invented an early bicycle lamp, to help devise aworkable model.

The first flashlights made by 7ubert were made by hand from paper and fiber tubes

with a brass reflector and light bulb. They used the newly3invented $6$ cry cell batteries. Anumber of these flashlights were made, and 7ubert gave them to some )ew Bork (itypolicemen. The policemen gave 7ubert very favorable reports about them, and in "#1 7ubertgot a patent for a flashlight with an onCoff switch in a cylindrical casing.

The )ational (arbon (ompany bought a half interest in 7ubert$s company in "#4.

The name of the company was changed to The American Ever eady (ompany. The trade namewas shortened to Eveready.

The flashlight has had many changes and improvements over the years. &etal tubes used forthe body instead of paper, more efficient batteries, long lasting light bulbs, even no3batteryflash lights that produce their own power by shaking or cranking a handle. ut the basic designis the same as that created in /"/ by 7ubert and &isell.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_B0WCgX619lg/TMsdAZIbL_I/AAAAAAAAAm4/uS-Eun14U4Q/s1600/old+lamp.jpg


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Penils - History an! Fats

2ome history and little known facts about the common pencil:

The first wood encased pencils came about because of the discovery of a large deposit

of graphite in England in the 4th century. %raphite proved to be superior to lead which hadbeen used since ancient ome for writing! as it left a darker mark on the paper. ut graphitewas soft and brittle so it needed a holder. 2ticks of graphite were first wrapped in string, thenholders were made of wood for more durability.

)uremberg %ermany produced the first mass produced pencils in the ;th century.

The first mass produced pencils weren$t painted.

The -ndustrial evolution of the "th century saw many pencil manufacturers

competing and making pencils of different styles. 9roducers also started to paint their pencilsand imprinting them with their brand names and logos.

Erasers were first put on pencils in the /1#$s by an American manufacturer.

A type of cedar wood called -ncense (edar is used by D.2. pencil manufacturers.

&ost pencils made in the D.2. have erasers on them. European made pencils don$t.

&ore than half of all pencils come from (hina, over # billion a year.

The graphite cores of today$s pencils are a mi'ture of graphite and clay. The formula is

changed according to the hardness and darkness of the lead desired.

+ohn 2teinbeck the author used an enormous number of pencils, up to 4# a day. 7is

novelEast of Edentook over ## pencils to write.

+ohnny (arson of late night television fame fidgeted with a pencil on his show. They

were specially made pencils that had erasers on each end to prevent accidents.

8ead has not been used in pencils since oman times, but until the middle of the 5#th

century lead3based paint was used to paint them which could cause lead poisoning if the pencilwas chewed.

Thomas Edison had his pencils made specially for him. They were shorter and thicker

than a standard pencil and had softer lead.

&echanical pencils were invented in /55.

9enknives were used at first to sharpen pencils. After many attempts by inventors the

manual pencil sharpener was invented in /0;.

There are now pencils on the market that can be bent and even tied into a knot. They

are made from a special fle'ible polymer and lead that will bend together.
http://originsofthings.blogspot.com/2012/04/pencils-history-and-facts.htmlhttp://www.yourdictionary.com/images/articles/lg/977.Pencil.jpghttp://originsofthings.blogspot.com/2012/04/pencils-history-and-facts.html


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http://www.long-live-pitmans-shorthand.org.uk/pen-and-paper/bendy-pencil-1002-9517-long-live-pitmans-shorthand.jpg

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