chick quality: hatchery impact - streamfizzmerial.streamfizz.com/medias/docs/w_martin.pdf · chick...
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Chick quality: hatchery impact on broiler performance
Scott Martin LLC - USA
Chick Quality Hatchery Impact on Performance
Scott Martin SCOTT MARTIN, LLC.
“Field Performance”
$ 858,000
Feed Conversion Advantage
Cost / Kg. Live Change in Profit $0.0074
Target Live Weight x 2.25 Kg
Cost / Bird Change in Profit $0.0165
Number of Birds / Week x 1,000,000
Change in Profit / Week $16,500.00
Number of Weeks / Year x 52
2 points FCR Advantage in Profit:
FCR Advantage Advantage of 2 points of FCR ($332/ton Feed Cost)
“Egg Assessment”
• Egg age – Setting fresh eggs and old eggs tends to hurt hatch
• Flock age – Eggs from younger flocks hold better than older flocks
• Flock history – Some flocks just hold better than others
Things To Consider When Holding Eggs
Proper Egg Assessment
• Monitor the temperature of the eggs
– Use temperature recorders on the farms, in the egg trucks, in the hatchery egg rooms, etc.
• Know the history of the eggs
– How old are the eggs?
– What is the age of the breeder flock?
• Evaluate the egg size
– Know the average egg weight and the minimum acceptable weight for small eggs.
• Evaluate the condition of the eggs
– Dirty, cracked, deformed, double yolk, inverted
Effect Of Egg Storage On Hatchability
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Days of Storage
Conditions Of The Eggs
• Dirty Eggs (Omphalitis ?)
• Cracked (No Hatch—Cull Chicks)
• Deformed (No Hatch—Cull Chicks)
• Double Yolk (Cull Egg)
• Inverted (Low Hatch—Cull Chicks)
Dirty Eggs
Condensation
Contamination
Egg Temperature Flow Chart
Hen house
On farm egg room
Egg transportation truck
Hatchery egg room
Setter machine
Setter hall
104 – 106 o F
75 - 85 o F
63 - 68 o F
63 - 68 o F
63 - 68 o F
75 - 80 o F
99.5 - 100 o F
Hens body
AC AC
64.9
63.8
63.5
63.9
61.3
61.4
63.9
61.0
60.7
63.0
62.8
62.2
64.6
62.3
62.1
64.5
62.0
62.1
63.3
61.8
61.6
60.6
61.9
62.0
64.8
62.7
63.5
64.0
61.8
61.6
63.8
60.8
60.8
61.9
63.1
61.8
64.6
62.3
62.3
64.6
62.0
62.0
63.5
55.8
55.9
57.1
61.8
61.6
64.7
62.5
62.4
64.5
61.9
62.0
63.6
60.9
56.8
58.3
62.0
62.0
Holding Room Temperature Without Fan
AC AC
63.2
63.8
63.7
63.1
63.5
63.7
63.3
63.8
63.2
63.2
63.1
63.3
63.5
63.9
63.6
63.3
64.2
64.4
63.5
63.7
63.9
63.3
63.7
63.9
63.4
63.9
64.0
63.0
63.6
63.3
63.3
63.8
63.7
63.5
63.0
62.6
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.1
64.5
64.6
63.3
63.7
63.6
62.6
59.5
60.6
63.5
63.9
63.9
63.0
64.0
63.5
63.9
63.7
63.7
63.3
59.6
61.7
Holding Room Temperature Within Fan
“Ventilation”
Hatchery Ventilation The Proper Set-up HVAC
AREAS Egg Receiving & Holding Setter Bays Hatcher Bays Chick Holding Chick Pull & Wash Clean Equipment Room Hallways
CFM/1000
1 4-5 12-16 12-16 12-16 0 0
TEMP
65-68 76-80 76-80 72-75 72-75 72-75 75
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
60-75% 55-62% 55-62% 65-70% 65-70% N\A N\A
AREA PRESSURE
Neutral To + .01 + .01 To + .015 + .01 To + .015 Neutral To Neg .01 Neg .010 To Neg .015 Positive Neutral
Dead Banding Method With
Room Temperature Monitoring
SET
POINT
5
10
-5
-10
COOL
HEAT
24 HOURS
-5
-10
Fresh air
intake
25% to 75% returned
air from the fresh air room
(fresh air plenum)
Cooling Coil
Fresh Air
modulating
dampers which
opens and shut
Return Air
modulating
dampers which
opens and shut
HVAC System Heat Exchanger
Ventilation Equipment
Always Clean and Disinfect!!!! •Condensation trap
•Walls
Clean filters •Always date
Cooling Coil (Dirty)
Cooling Coil (Clean)
Cooling Coil (Back) (Correct Flow)
Environment Influences on Machines
• Improper Cycling
– Heat & Cool on at the same time
– Front & Rear heat out of sync
– Fresh air dampers closed (after machine recovery)
Environment Influences on Machines
• Room Conditions – Pressure Control
• Extreme Positive Pressure
• Extreme Negative Pressure
– Temperature
– Humidity
0-3 DAYS 3-7 DAYS 7-10 DAYS 10-14 DAYS 14-17 DAYS 17-18 DAYS
100.5 F
100.2 100.7 100.
9
100.8 99.8 99.4
98.0 F
Air Flow
“Maintenance”
Preventative Maintenance
• Calibrate machines and rooms
• Monitor settings
• Check embryo temperatures
• Check moisture loss
• Check pipping
• Check chick temperatures
• Confirm: what you think you have is what you have
Incubator Assessment
• Know your incubator set points
– Temperature
– Humidity
• Have a program for recording how each machine is operating
• Conduct an embryodiagnosis to verify the performance of your incubators
Water Temperature Entering Cooling Coil
18 ๐ C
Cooling Coil Inside Setter
Bad Door Gasket
Good Door Gasket
Improper Egg Rack Seal
No Egg Rack Seal
Curtains Not Sealing
Nozzle Adjustment and Leaks
“Tools”
Hatchery Tools
Magnehelic Gauge
Air Meter Smoke Emitters
Stroboscope
Rectal Thermometer
Data Logger
Digital Thermometer
Humidity Temperature
Meter
Infrared Thermometer
“Egg Set”
Set Times
Breeder Flock Age
• Up to 28 weeks – add 6 hours
• 29 – 30 weeks – add 3 hours
Egg Storage Time
• 1 to 6 days – normal target
• 7 days – add 1 hour
• 8 days – add 2 hours
• 9 days – add 3 hours
• 10 or more days – add 4 hours
TARGET = 504 HOURS
Adjust for breeder flock age and egg storage time
Set and Transfer
• Know your incubation time
• Set consistently (same time every day with exceptions)
• Transfer consistently (same time every day)
• Keep flock age consistent or segregate
“Sanitation”
Sanitation
• Run base line studies • Use reliable products • Monitor hatcheries • Fog rooms • Fumigate inside of machines • Keep a good air flow through the hatchery
“Embryodiagnosis”
Candle And Residue Breakouts
1 2 3 4 5 6 7*** 8 9 10 11 12 13 14*** 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Early Middle Late
• Candle eggs ( 10-12 days or at transfer) residue ( at hatch )
• Look for day embryonic death occurred
• Check flock and machine again
• Check same flock in a different machine
• Check different flock in same machine
• Look for mold
• Look for patterns
• Use hatch of fertile%
Hatch Of Fertile By Age Of Breeder Flock
Hatch Of Fertile
25-33 wks 90.8%
34-50 wks 91.8%
51-68 wks 89.6%
Example: 86.4% Hatch \ 96% Fertility = 90% Hatch Of Fertile
HATCHABILITY OR HATCH OF FERTILE
HATCHERY
A
B
C
HATCH OF FERTILE
88.66
90.11
89.36
FERTILITY
97
91
94
HATCH
86
82
84
Egg Age
• FERTILITY DOESN’T CHANGE
• PROLONGED STORAGE REDUCES HATCH
• ALWAYS DIAGNOSE THE HATCH LOSS
WHAT HAPPENED?
FLOCK FERTILITY EGG AGE HATCH% HOF%
999 95 4 86 90.5
999 95 9 84 88.4
Infertile or Fertile ?
Infertile
Fertile
Infertile or Fertile?
Infertile Fertile
Day 2
Embryo Size
Day 1
Day 14 • Embryo turns head towards large
end of egg
Day 15 • Intestines are drawn into
abdominal cavity
Day 17 • Amniotic fluid decreases
• Head is between legs
Day 18 • Growth of embryo nearly complete
• Yolk sac is still on outside of embryo
• Head is under the right wing
Day 19 • Yolk sac draws into body cavity
• Amniotic fluid gone
• Embryo occupies most of space with
in egg(not in the air cell)
Day 20 • Yolk sac drawn completely into body
• Embryo becomes a chick(breathing in air cell)
• Internal & external pip
“Incubator Assessment”
Incubator Assessment Incubator # 3 7 11 17 Total % Standard
Flock # 387 343 396 404 x x
Flock Age 37 61 39 29 x x
Chick Count 100 101 100 100 100.25 x
Activity Level loud loud loud loud x x
Red Hocks 2 8 6 3 19
Red Beaks 0
Culls 2 2
Dehydrated 0
Navel Large 1 7 2 3 13
Navel Small 43 59 63 51 216
Wicks 2 2
Leaky 1 23 7 31
Good 56 18 29 45 148
7 or 14 Day Mortality?
Look at the mortality patterns!
Chick Quality
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Days
Mortality
Normal Daily Mortality
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Dehydration
Mortality
Days
Chick Quality
“Dehydration” Post Hatch
0 512
0 508
0 504
PULL
Pull Times
Dehydration • All birds start dehydrating after hatch
• Post Hatch • Try to squeeze a few more (popcorn) • Timing from Ready to Delivery • Logistics, Labor, Trucking, Bottlenecks
• Pull early • Open navels • Not thirsty?
• Produce Good Quality • Compromise after hatch • Proper chick hold space • Farm distance, 20 min to 6 hours
Hydrated
Dehydrated
Dehydrated
Dehydrated
Dehydrated
Dehydrated
Dehydrated
Dehydrated
Dehydrated
Comfortable
Pre-Pull
• Hatch Window, Hatch Spread
• 30 hours or less (hatch starts)
• 23 hours- 30%
• 12 hours- 70 to 80%
• Check Chick Temperatures before pull
• Lower Temperature in hatcher • Timing is important (step down before chick overheats) • Take temperatures at pre-pull and at pull times
Remember! Step programs are designed to keep chicks from overheating
Not to cool down
Step Programs
Clean Residue
Dirty Residue
Chick Holding
• Chick Holding Locations Hatcher
Separator or Pull Room
Chick Room
Transport
Separator Room
Loading and Transport
Dehydration Scale
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10
Pull and Hold Time
Hatcher Delivery
Stress In The First 5 Days
Yolk Sac
The Yolk Sac
• Contains essentials
– Nutrients (25% protein, 25% lipids) This is just for maintenance, the yolk itself doesn’t provide
enough alone for growth.
– Water (50%)
– Antibodies
• Absorption of yolk
Stress In The First 5 Days
Baby chicks were split between 5 groups: • A,B,C,D, and E
– Group A: stress high temperature
– Group B: stress low temperature
– Group C: control group
– Group D: placement without feed/water first 12 hours
– Group E: placement without feed/water first 24 hours
Stress In The First 5 Days
• All the baby chicks were of the same breeder
flock, 45 weeks old
• Same egg weight and incubated in the same
setter/hatcher machine
• Pulled at the same time
Age
(Days)
Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E
1 95*F 80.5* 89.5* 89.5* 89.5*
2 94.1*F 79.7*F 88.7*F 88.7*F 88.7*F
3 93.2*F 78.8*F 87.8*F 87.8*F 87.8*F
4 92.3*F 77.9*F 86.9*F 86.9*F 86.9*F
5 91.4*F 77*F 86*F 86*F 86*F
Stress In The First 5 Days (Temperature Variation )
Age
(Days)
Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E
1 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr
2 54.2gr 42.2gr 57.6gr 52gr 37.2gr
3 65.6gr 65gr 67.4gr 61.2gr 55.8gr
4 77.9gr 82.4gr 85.6gr 77.9gr 66.5gr
5 101.6gr 99.6gr 129gr 93.2gr 84.3gr
Stress In The First 5 Days (Body Weight)
Uniformity
C A B D E
Uniformity
C
D A B
E
Intestine Size
$ 858,000
Feed Conversion Advantage
Cost / Kg. Live Change in Profit $0.0074
Target Live Weight x 2.25 Kg
Cost / Bird Change in Profit $0.0165
Number of Birds / Week x 1,000,000
Change in Profit / Week $16,500.00
Number of Weeks / Year x 52
2 points FCR Advantage in Profit:
FCR Advantage Advantage of 2 points of FCR ($332/ton Feed Cost)