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    NSC 97-2410-H-194-098-

    97 08 01 98 07 31

    -

    -

    1

    99 01 21

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    (Folbre,

    2001; Montgomery, 1992; Stoller, 1992)

    care deficit(Williams, 2003)(Esping-Andersen, 1999)(Leitner, 2003)

    (, 1997b; , 1997; , 1997)(, 1997) (England,

    2005)(O'connor & Shaver, 1999;, 1997)

    (Esping-Andersen, 1999)

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    Quality Early Childhood Education and Care, ECEC

    OECD(social inclusion)(OECD, 2006)

    Esping-Andersen(1999)familialistic regimes(Kersbergen, 1995)

    2006 15~64 1.05 2000 72.19 2006 80.24 84.61

    (, 2006;, 2002)(2006)62006 135 0~ 3 613~ 6 73- 15~64 1980 84.71 % 2006 65.79 %

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    2000

    295 2007 6 276 2000 93 20076 44 2000 3,000 2007 6 4,000

    2000 1,200 2006 1,500

    2000

    2000

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    O

    /(Wang, 2006; , 2000)

    1960

    OCutright (1965); Kerr (1964) Mishra(1973) Wilensky & Lebeaux (1958)Williamson & Fleming (1977)19701993(, 1999b)(2000)

    O

    (Fraser, 1984; Piven & Cloward, 1971)

    (Korpi, 1978; Shalev, 1983;

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    Stephens, 1979; Walter, 2006)

    (Castles, 1985; T. Skocpol, 1985; T. Skocpol & Amenta,1986)(Collier & Messick, 1975)

    (, 2003; , 2000; , 2000; , 1995b; &,

    2006)(2000: 90) O 1990

    2000

    (1999)

    (, 2003; , 1999; , 1997a;,2006;, 2002;, 2005;, 2005, 2006; ,2003;, 2004)

    (2003)

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    quality(availability)(affordability)

    1. (Fraser, 1984)

    (, 1999b: 286)

    1995b(2002)(2000)

    Cohen (1985)(strategy-centered)(identity-centered)

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    2. Cohen (1985)(strategy-centered)(identity-centered)(resourcemobilization)

    (, 1989)(, 2002a, 2002b, 2004)

    (, 2000)

    (acess)(, 1998b)

    (2000)

    (, 2000)

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    3. 1970 (state-centered)(, 2001)Migdal (1988)state capacity1)2)3) 4)Skocpol

    Heclo(1974)(1999) 1997

    4. party

    system(party competition)(, 1999)(, 2003: 88-89)

    (1995a)

    O

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    (, 2000: 120)

    (, 2000:121)1990(,2000)

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    Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). Do you Believe in Magic?What we can Expect from Early

    Childhood Intervention Programs. Social Policy Report, 52(1), 3-7.

    Castles, F. G. (1985). The working class and welfare: Reflections on the political development

    of the welfare state in Australia and New Zealand, 1890-1980. Wellington;Sydney:

    Allen & Unwin.

    Cohen, J. (1985). Strategy or Identity: New Theoretical Paradigms and Contemporary Social

    Movements. Social Research, 52(4), 663-716.

    Collier, D., & Messick, R. E. (1975). Prerequisites Versus Diffusion: Testing Alternative

    Explanations of Social Security Adoption. The American Political Science Review,6(4), 1299-1315.

    Cutright, P. (1965). Political structure, economic development, and national social security

    programs.American Journal of Sociology, 5, 537-550.

    England, P. (2005). Emerging Theories of Care Work.Annual Review of Sociology, 31(1),

    381-399.

    Esping-Andersen, G. (1999). Social foundations of postindustrial economie. New York:

    Oxford University Press.

    Folbre, N. (2001). The Invisible Heart : Economics and Family Values. New York: The NewPress.

    Fraser, D. (1984). The Evolution of the British Welfare State (2ed.): Macmillian.

    Gornick, J. C., & Meyers, M. (2003).Families that work : policies for reconciling parenthood

    and employment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Heckman, J., & Carneiro, P. (2002).Human Capital Policy. Paper presented at the NBER

    Working Papers 9495.

    Hofferth , S. L., & Phillips, E. A. (1991). Child Care Policy Research.Journal of Social Issues,

    47, 1-13.

    Jones, C. (1993). The Pacific challenge-Confucian Welfare states. In C. Jones (Ed.),New

    Perspectives on The Welfare State in Europe. London: Routledge.

    Kamerman, S. B., Neuman, M., Waldfogel, J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). Socila

    Policies,Family Types , and Child Outcomes in Selected OECD countries. Paper

    presented at the OECD social ,employment , and migration working paper , NO.6.

    Kerr, C. (1964).Industrialism and Industrial Man:the problems of labor and management in

    economic growth. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Kersbergen, K. v. (1995). Social capitalism: a study of Christian democracy and the welfare

    state. London ; New York: Routledge.

    Korpi, K. (1978). The working class in welfare capitalism :work, unions, and politics in

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    Sweden. Lodon; Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Leitner, S. (2003). Varieties of Familialism-The caring function of the family in comparative

    perspective.European Societies, 5(4), 353-375.

    Midgley, J. (1986). Industrialization and welfare: The case of the four Little Tigers. Social

    Policy and Administration, 20(3), 225-238.

    Migdal, J. S. (1988). Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State

    Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Mishra, R. (1973). Welfare and industrial man: A study of welfare in western industrial

    societies in relation to a hypothesis of convergence. Sociological Review, 21, 535-560.

    Montgomery, R. J. V. (1992). Gender differences in patterns of child-parent caregiving

    relationships. In J. W. D. R. T. Coward (Ed.), Gender, families, and elder care(pp.

    65-83). Newbury Park, Calif: Sage Publications.

    Neumam, W. L. , 2002. . : .NICHD. (1997).Mother-child Interacion and Cognitive Outcomes Associated with Early

    Child Care:Result of the NICHD Study.

    O'connor, J. S., Orloff, A. S., , & Shaver, S. (1999). States, Markets, Familes: Gender,

    Liberalism and Social Policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain and the United State.

    Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    OECD. (2001-2004). OECD Programme for Interanation Student Assessment.

    OECD. (2006). Staring Strong II--Early Childhood Education and Care.

    Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (1971).Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, HowThey Fail. New York: Vintage Books.

    Sen, A. (1999).Investing in Early Childhood: its Role in DEvelopment. Paper presented at the

    Inter-American Development Bank.

    Shalev, M. (1983). The social democratic model and beyond: Two generations of comparative

    research on the welfare stat. Comparative Social Research, 6, 315-351.

    Skocpol, T. (1985). Bringing the state back in. In P. B. Evans, R. Dietrich & T. Skocpol (Eds.),

    Bringing the state back in. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Skocpol, T., & Amenta, E. (1986). State and social policies.Annual Review Sociology, 12,

    131-157.

    Stephens, J. D. (1979). The transition from capitalism to socialism. London: Macmillan.

    Stoller, P. E. (1992). Gender differences in the experiences of caregiving spouses. In J. W. D.

    R. T. Coward (Ed.), Gender, families, and elder car(pp. 49-64). Newbury Park, Calif:

    Sage Publications.

    UNICEF. (2005).A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations. Paper presented at the

    Innocenti Report Card.

    Urrutia, M. (1999). The Impact of Earl Childhood Intervention Programmes on Economic

    Growth and Equity. Paper presented at the Inter-American Development Bank.

    Van der Gaag, J. (2002).From Child Development to Human Development

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    Vandell , D. L., & Wole, B. (2004). Child Care Quality :Does it Matter and Does it Need to

    be Improved?Retrieved. from.

    Walter, K. (2006). Power Resources and Employer-Centered Approches in Explanations of

    Welfare States and Varieties of Capitalism: Protagonists, Consenters, and Antagonists.

    World Politics, 58(2), 167.

    Wang, S. Y. (2006).Demography, Power Resource, Globalization, Institution, and Young

    Child Policy Variations in an Era of Retrenchment. New York: Columbia University.

    Wilensky, H. L., & Lebeaux, C. N. (1958).Industrial society and social welfare; the impact of

    industrialization on the supply and organization of social welfare services in the

    united states. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Williams, F. (2003).Rethinking Care in Social Policy. Paper presented at the The Annual

    Conference of the Finnish Social Policy Association.

    Williamson, J. B., & Fleming, C. N. (1977). Convergence theory and the social welfare sector.International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 18, 242-253.

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    , 4, 81-107.. (1999). 1997

    . , 3(1), 141-177.

    . (1998). . , 65, 27-32.. (1999). . , 21.

    . (2003). . , 2(4), 147-174.. (1999). . , 10, 167-194.. (1997a). . In (Ed.),

    (pp. 127-160). : .. (1997b). . In (Ed.),

    (pp. 127-116).

    :

    .

    . (1999). . : .. (2000). . In

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    , 56, 3-32.. (2002b).

    . , 6, 86-137.. (2004). .

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    . (2006). . : .. (2006). . , 10,

    143-158.

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    . (2003). ?. (31),189-241.

    . (2000). --., 13, 91, 93-117, 119.

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    . (1998b). . In , , (Eds.),

    . : .. (1998). --.

    , 84, 95-111.. (2000). . In

    (Eds.), (pp. 1-28). : .. (1995a). . In

    (pp. 17-41).. (1995b). . In (Ed.),

    . : .. (2000). O. In (Eds.), (pp. 71-135). : .

    . (2001). --..

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    .

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    143-155.

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    . (2002). -. : .. (2005). .

    , 8, 1-32.. (2005). , 9,

    109-128.

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    . (2002). .

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    (Ed.), (pp. 185-226). : .. (1997).

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    NSC 97-2410-H-194-098

    2009/July 8-10, University of York, UK

    Gendering East/West International Conference

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    Sun