child development. types of development physical: growth of the body intellectual: ability to think,...
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Child Development
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Types of Development
Physical: growth of the body
Intellectual: Ability to think,
understand, communicate
Emotional: Feelings and
emotions
Social: Interacting with others
Moral: Understanding right and wrong
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Infancy: Birth to One Year
Physical Development:• The head is the largest part of the body when
born• First 6 months babies gain 1-2 lbs per month!• Reflex – automatic, involuntary response• Explore the world by putting EVERYTHING in
their mouth• Vision is blurry at first• Large motor skills: roll over, sit, stand, and begin
to walk!
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Intellectual Development:
• Communicate through crying and cooing
• Modeling – imitating the actions of others
Emotional Development:
• Show LOVE to infants
• Infants form a
bond with caregivers
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Social Development:
• Babies can smile at 3 months
• Recognize the difference between familiar and unfamiliar faces
• May show stranger anxiety
Moral Development:
• None – Infants do not understand right and wrong
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Toddlers: One to Three YearsPhysical:• Growth usually slows down• Large motor: walks, runs, stairs, throws
objects, jumps, climbs• Small motor: turns pages in book,
scribbles – draws circles, buttons/zippers, builds block towers
• Safety is important! Baby gates, cabinet locks
• Toilet training after 20 months
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Intellectual:• Words – short phrases – sentences• Understand cause and effect• Tell the difference in sizes and shapes• Very creative and curious!
Emotional:• Self Centered – Thinking only of your own
needs and not others – egocentric• “No” becomes favorite word – temper
tantrums• Emotional roller coaster “Terrible Twos”
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Social:
• Parallel Play – when toddlers play NEXT to each other but not together
• Struggle with their dependence on others and their need to be independent
• Learning to share
Moral:
• Morality – understanding
of right and wrong
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Preschoolers: Three to Five Years
Physical:
• Arms and legs lengthen to catch up with body
• Movements are not as clumsy as toddlers
• Ride bikes, throws with control, cuts in straight line, ties shoelaces
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Intellectual:• Learning to count and recognize colors and
letters• Make-believe• Much larger vocabulary• Reading to children is VERY important
Emotional:• Verbal skills make it easier to express
feelings• Experience more emotions: fear, joy, pride,
anger, jealousy
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Social:
• Cooperative Play: children play in group together
• Learn how to share and get along with a group
• Children have “best friends”
Moral:
• Continue to learn basic moral concepts
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School-Age: Five to Ten YearsPhysical:• Baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth• Children can participate in games that involve
running and jumping because they have better control of their bodies
• Small motor skills improve for writing and drawing
Intellectual:• Children start spending more time in structured
atmospheres away from home with other kids and adults
• Learn math, reading, and science• Children expand their vocabularies by 3000 words a
year
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Emotional:• Stress due to academic pressures, family
problems, life changes
Social:• Outside of the family more often and form
peer groups at school
Moral:• Children begin to care about what others
think and want to be “good”