Child Rights & RemediesFall 2012

Class 4

Review of Class # 3

1) Lessons from Velazquez: legal basis matters for leverage

2) Lessons from Marisol

3) Lessons from Castano – 23(b)3 class barrier

4) Lessons from Children’s TV – definable leverage

Attorneys’ Fees

1) Statutory fee shift statute

2) Private AG by court creation or statute

3) Common fund doctrine

Serrano &California CCP § 1021.5

Private AG w/ multiplier

Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society

U.S (1975)

Alyeska: Federal = no private AG

Movement Toward Common Fund

Hole: Federal -- No fee shift statute -- No fund

Implied Remedies for Children

42 USC § 1983

Franklin v. Gwinnett (1992) 503 U.S. 60

Title IX Gender Discrimination

Damages implied if act intentional?

Violation of Federal Standards as Civil Rights Case

Suter v. Artist M. U.S. (1992)

1) Thibodot test: (a) plaintiffs aggrieved, (b) duty mandatory, (c) judicially enforceable

2) Suter: No private enforcement of “reasonable efforts” mandate

3) Specificity of Standards (c) above is key

Federal/State Spending and Child Advocacy

1) Floors for Adequacy

2) Analyzing Budgets – Adjustors

3) Entitlements vs. Grants

4) Supplantation and “MOE”

Strategies

1) Minimum Floor

2) Special Fund Financing

3) Bonds/Debt Instruments

4) Leveraging Federal $

5) Tax Expenditures

Strategies (cont’d)

6) Tuition Reductions / Student Borrowing Subsidy

7) Market Correction Fees

8) Cy Pres Funds

9) Punitive Damage Awards

10) Special Products (Kids Plates)

Introduction to Reproductive Rights

• Unwed Births and Poverty

• Incentives and Current Remedies