child welfare: ethnic/racial disproportionality and disparity
DESCRIPTION
Child Welfare: Ethnic/Racial Disproportionality and Disparity. Barbara Needell, MSW, PhD Center for Social Services Research University of California at Berkeley Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Los Angeles, CA - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
Child Welfare:Ethnic/Racial Disproportionality and
Disparity
Barbara Needell, MSW, PhDCenter for Social Services ResearchUniversity of California at Berkeley
Association for Public Policy Analysis and ManagementLos Angeles, CA
The Performance Indicators Project at CSSR is supported by the California Department of Social Services and the Stuart Foundation
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
2007
California: Ethnicity and Path through the Child Welfare System
(Missing Values & Other Race Excluded from % Calculations, <18 years of Age)
6.2
32.7
50.4
10.30.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Population
(10,007,501)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
2007
California: Ethnicity and Path through the Child Welfare System
(Missing Values & Other Race Excluded from % Calculations, <18 years of Age)
6.214.9
32.7
28.6
50.4
10.3
51.8
3.90.80.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Population
(10,007,501)
Allegations
(492,810)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
2007
California: Ethnicity and Path through the Child Welfare System
(Missing Values & Other Race Excluded from % Calculations, <18 years of Age)
6.214.9 14.6
32.7
28.6 27.3
50.452.8
10.3
51.8
4.13.9 1.20.80.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Population
(10,007,501)
Allegations
(492,810)
Substantiations
(107,372)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
2007
California: Ethnicity and Path through the Child Welfare System
(Missing Values & Other Race Excluded from % Calculations, <18 years of Age)
6.214.9 14.6 18.6
32.7
28.6 27.326.2
50.452.8
10.3
50.151.8
3.54.13.9 1.61.20.80.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Population
(10,007,501)
Allegations
(492,810)
Substantiations
(107,372)
Entries
(36,011)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
2007
California: Ethnicity and Path through the Child Welfare System
(Missing Values & Other Race Excluded from % Calculations, <18 years of Age)
6.214.9 14.6 18.6
26.3
32.7
28.6 27.326.2
25.3
50.452.8
10.3
50.151.844.6
3.54.13.9 2.4 1.41.61.20.80.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Population
(10,007,501)
Allegations
(492,810)
Substantiations
(107,372)
Entries
(36,011)
I n Care
(72,199)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
2007
California: Ethnicity and Path through the Child Welfare System
(Missing Values & Other Race Excluded from % Calculations, <18 years of Age)
6.214.9 14.6 18.6
26.318.6
32.7
28.6 27.326.2
25.3
27.3
50.452.8 49.7
10.33.0
44.651.8 50.1
2.43.9 4.1 3.50.5 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Population
(10,007,501)
Allegations
(492,810)
Substantiations
(107,372)
Entries
(36,011)
I n Care
(72,199)
Exits
(32,541)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
Definitions…
• Disproportionality: when a group makes up a proportion of those experiencing some event that is higher or lower than that group’s proportion of the population
• Disparity: a comparison of one group (e.g, regarding disproportionality, services, outcomes) to another group
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
6.218.6
32.7
26.2
50.4
10.3
50.1
3.50.5 1.6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Population
(10,007,501)
Entries
(36,011)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
Black Disproportionality18.6%6.2%
= 3.0
2007
California: Disparity Index
Entry Disparity (relative to overall population)
White Disproportionality26.2%32.7% = 0.8
Disparity Index
3.0 0.8
= 3.7
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
26.318.6
25.3
27.3
44.6
2.4
49.7
3.0 1.41.4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
I n Care
(72,199)
Exits
(32,541)
NativeAmerican
Asian/ PI
Hispanic
White
Black
Black Disproportionality18.6%26.3%
= 0.7
2007
California: Disparity Index
Exit Disparity (relative to in care population)
White Disproportionality27.3%25.3% = 1.1
Disparity Index
0.7 1.1
= 0.6
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
Disparity Matrix: Indices (view 1)
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
Disparity Matrix: Indices (view 2)
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
0.66
0.90
1.03
1.19
5.46
3.75
1.14
0.29
3.73
4.11
1.24
0.42
2.83
2.83
1.26
0.48
2.75
1.93
1.18
0.43
Allegations
Substantiated
Entries
I n Care
Exits
Native American
Hispanic
Asian/PI
1.00
2007
California: Racial Disparity Indices
(group compared to White)
Underrepresented
Overrepresented
Black
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
Disparity Index Adjustments: the Weighted Risk Ratio
• When comparing the disparity of one group compared to all other groups in localities within a state an adjustment is required. Why? The level of disparity is driven in part by the underlying racial composition of the locality.
• Nancy Rolock at the Children and Family Research Center (University of Illinois) has proposed the use of a weighted risk ratio (drawn from use in education developed by Westat), that weights the ratios by the overall racial composition of the state. More to come—(312) 641-2505 ext. 24 [email protected]
• The adjustment is not required when comparing one group to another distinct group.
CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH School of Social Welfare, UC Berkeley
CSSR.BERKELEY.EDU/UCB_CHILDWELFARENeedell, B., Webster, D., Armijo, M., Lee, S., Dawson, W., Magruder, J., Exel, M., Glasser, T., Williams, D., Zimmerman, K., Simon, V., Putnam-Hornstein, E., Frerer, K., Ataie, Y., Winn, A., Blumberg, R., & Cuccaro-Alamin, S. (2008).
Barbara [email protected]
510.642.1893510.290.6334 (pcs)