childbirth 1. the role of the family 2 today’s fathers-to-be first few months of pregnancy:...
TRANSCRIPT
ChildbirthChildbirth
1
THE ROLE OF THE THE ROLE OF THE FAMILYFAMILY
2
Today’s Fathers-to-BeToday’s Fathers-to-BeFirst few months of pregnancy:
Husbands reassure their wives, help select a doctor and decide other aspects about delivery.
Middle months: prepare nurseryFinal months: Husbands need to be
supportive, as the mother-to-be is very tired and anxious for delivery.
Many fathers see their babies being born.
3
Fathers act as “helpers” during labor◦Labor: the process that moves the
baby out of the mother’s body◦Being involved in the delivery room
has proven to strengthen marriages, along with the bond between father and baby.
4
FAMILY DECISIONS FAMILY DECISIONS CONCERNING CONCERNING CHILDBIRTHCHILDBIRTH
5
Choosing a Birth Place-Choosing a Birth Place-HospitalHospitalHospital deliveries are most
common.◦Labor take place in maternity room,
and then mother is taken to delivery room shortly before baby is born.
◦After baby is born, they spend short time in recovery room before returning to maternity room.
◦If mother needs a surgical delivery, they will be taken to a surgical room.
6
Hospital cont…Hospital cont…Many hospitals offer a homelike
room in the hospital for low-risk deliveries.◦Furnished like a bedroom, but with
hospital equipment.◦Nurse stay in the room during labor,
doctor only comes in for delivery.◦Parents stay here until discharged.
7
Birthing CentersBirthing CentersSome families think hospital
deliveries treat childbirth as an illness rather than a natural process.
These may choose to deliver in a birth center.◦Provides health care before labor and
delivery services.Certified nurse-midwives (CNMs)
have special training in delivering babies during normal, not high-risk pregnancies
8
Home BirthsHome BirthsRiskier because emergency
services are not typically nearby.
Many couples choose to have a midwife present to assist if any problems arise.
Infant death rate is higher than those born in a hospital.
9
Choosing a Method of Choosing a Method of DeliveryDeliveryDelivery options may change
during labor◦May start w/out drugs, but then ask
for them to relieve pain.Some drugs may cross the
placenta causing the baby to be sluggish and not an active participant.
10
Childbirth drugsChildbirth drugsSedatives: reduce anxiety and
are used in the early stages of labor.
Analgesics: reduce pain but do not take it away.
Anesthesia: blocks pain◦Has the most side effects
11
Natural ChildbirthNatural ChildbirthMethod of delivery without drugsWoman is trained to breathe and
relax in a way that helps the birth process.
Father provides support.◦Some parents use a doula: female
helper who reassures and guides the mother through labor. Some use midwives.
12
Lamaze MethodLamaze MethodWomen may already to conditioned
to fear childbirth, so in Lamaze training, the mother is taught to focus on something other than the pain.
Mother and her coach (usually father) attend classes that prepare her mentally and physically.◦Breathing methods and exercises are
taught.◦The woman may receive drugs.
13
TIME TO BE BORNTIME TO BE BORNThe Last Weeks of Pregnancy
14
ContractionsContractionsContrations: Involuntary contractions in
the uterine muscles.Lightening: a change in the baby’s
position.◦The baby settles lower into the pelvis, uterus
settles downward and forward. Baby typically rotates so the head is downward. Breech birth position: buttocks-first position.
◦When lightening takes place, the mother can breathe easier, but may get leg cramps and may need to urinate more often.
15
False labor: Few irregular contractions.
Regular contractions occur at more even intervals.
As labor progresses, contractions increase in length and strength.
16
Other Signs of LaborOther Signs of LaborMother may feel a boost of energy
due to an increase of adrenaline.The mucous plug in the cervix will
become loose.◦Small amount of blood in mucous is
called the show.◦This means labor will begin within 24
hours.Amniotic sac may break before
labor begins ◦Usually happens after labor starts
17
SIGNS OF LABORSIGNS OF LABOR
18
Stage 1: Dilation of the Stage 1: Dilation of the CervixCervixContractions start at one every 15-
20 minutes and last 30 seconds.Towards the middle of labor, they
will last 45-60 seconds and will be 2-4 minutes apart.
During the transition contractions last 90 seconds, and feel continuous.
This causes the uterus to narrow, straightening the baby’s body and pressing the head against the cervix, cause the cervix to open or dilate.
19
If the amniotic sac has not broken, the doctor will break it when the cervix is fully dilated at 10 cm (about 4 inches).
When the cervix is completely open, the first stage of labor ends.
Average length of this stage is 8 hours for the first pregnancy (less for later pregnancies).
20
Stage 2: Delivery of the Stage 2: Delivery of the BabyBabyBabies head enters birth canal.Sometimes an episiotomy is
needed, which is an incision made to widen the birth canal and prevent tearing.
The baby starts coming out head down, and then turns to the side as neck and shoulders come out.
21
Average time is 30-90 minutes for first pregnancy.
Doctor suctions liquid out of mouth to help baby take first breath.
Umbilical cord is clipped before the third stage begins.
22
Stage 3: Delivery of the Stage 3: Delivery of the PlacentaPlacentaAbout 5-10 minutes and up to 30
minutes after birth, the mother has a few irregular contractions.
These cause the placenta to detach from the uterus and descend.
Afterbirth: placenta and fetal membrane are expelled.
23
COMPLICATIONS OF COMPLICATIONS OF DELIVERYDELIVERY
24
Common Techniques Used to Common Techniques Used to Aid DeliveryAid DeliveryVersion: manually rotating unborn
baby into correct position for delivery.
Pitocin: a drug used to speed up labor by causing contractions to start and strengthen.
Forceps: curved instrument that fits around the sides of a baby’s head, aids in easing the baby down the birth canal during a contraction.
25
Cont…Cont…Vacuum extraction: suction is
used to attach a cuplike device around the top of the baby’s head, allows the doctor to gently pull the baby down the birth canal.
26
Cesarean Births (C-Cesarean Births (C-Section)Section)The mother’s abdomen and
uterus are surgically opened, and the baby is removed.
Recovery takes longer than for vaginal deliveries.
27
Reasons for C-sectionsReasons for C-sectionsMother’s pelvis is small or not shape
correctlyBaby or mother is at medical riskBaby’s head is too largeContractions are weak or absentBaby is in an incorrect position for
birthMultiple birthsFear that uterine scar (from previous
c-section) will rupture. Fear of transmission of herpes
28
Risks of C-sectionsRisks of C-sectionsRisks of major surgeryIncreasing need for surgical
removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) with each c-section
A low, but increased risk of stillbirth with next pregnancy
Increased risk of complications from vaginal birth after previous c-section birth
29
HOSPITAL CAREHOSPITAL CARE
30
Mother and baby can expect to stay in hospital for 24-60 hours.◦Complicated or c-section deliver will
stay longer
Rooming-in: if baby is healthy, baby is placed in a bassinet in the room with mother.
31
BONDINGBONDING
32
Bonding: developing a feeling of affection between parents and baby.◦1st hour after birth is most important◦Bonding continues for the next few
weeks as baby gets used to parents voices, touch, feel, etc.
33
Benefits of BondingBenefits of Bonding
To Infant To Parents
Increased chance of survival
Better weight gainLess crying, more
smiles and laughterFewer infectionsPossibly higher IQBetter language
development
Less incidence of child abuse
Faster recovery from delivery
Longer breast-feedingMore self-confidence
as a parentLess depression after
delivery
34
POSTPARTUM CAREPOSTPARTUM CARE
35
Postpartum care is the care the mother receives during the 6-8 weeks following the birth of her baby.◦Body returns to prepregnancy state
unless breast feeding.
36
Postpartum Mood Postpartum Mood DisordersDisordersBaby blues: mild and goes away
on its own.◦Most common
Postpartum depression (PPD): a serious form of depression
Postpartum psychosis (PPP): an extremely severe mental illness◦PPD and PPP need immediate
medical treatment
37