childbirth preference among pregnant respondents

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CHILDBIRTH PREFERENCE AMONG

PREGNANT RESPONDENTS

IN CONSOLACION CEBU

A Special Problem

Presented to the Faculty of the College of

Midwifery Department

University of Bohol

In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject MidwiferyResearch

For the degree Bachelor of Science in Midwifery

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BY:

GROUP 1 MEMBERS

GURREA, LEOLISA F.UY, NANELITATUNACAO, LUNITA AYUDA, CATALINA VARGAS,RENITA


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MRS. QUIRINA A. BAG-AO

Instructor

February 2014


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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Midwifery Research,

A special project entitled

CHILDBIRTH PREFERENCE AMONG PREGNANT RESPONDENTSIN CONSOLACION CEBU

Prepared and Submitted by;

GURREA, LEOLISA F.

UY, NANELITA, TUNACAO LUNITA

AYUDA, CATALINA, VARGAS, RENETA

Who are hereby recommended for admission to the oral examination.

MRS. QUIRINA A. BAG-AO, RNInstructor

Approved by the Tribunal at the oral examination conducted on February 15,

2014 with the grades of__________back


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THE EXAMINATION TRIBUNAL

MRS. CORAZON CASTRO, RN, MAN

Chairman

MRS. SYLVIA DORON, RN, MAN

Panelist

MRS. QUIRINA A. BAG-AO, RN, MANPanelist/Instructor

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Midwifery

Research.

MRS. CORAZON CASTRO, RN, MAN

Chairman


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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At the threshold of our well-being there lies a warm glorifying gratitude to thepeople who have given us the strength and an everlasting power of inspiration tohave this special problem outdone.

This work of ours brings unexplained emotions - joy, contentment and pleasure.This is something worth remembering.

To God:

Thank you so much Lord God for helping us through this struggle. Thank you forgiving us a diligent and obedient spirit, a quick mind to grasp ideas, a retentivememory and full strength to do all this things and in assisting us with the light of

your Holy Spirit.

To our Family:

Thank you so much to our spouses and children for you are the ones who taughtus the real meaning of perseverance, patience, hardworking, understanding, loveand most of all SELF-CONFIDENCE.

To our Spouses:

Thank you so much for your an ending love and for always be at our side doinghousehold chores in times of our busiest moment, and thank you also for givingus jokes that sometimes are corny, nevertheless, your jokes lighten up our moodand boost our energy to do our research all over again when we met certain

problems with our computer.


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To my beloved children Seth, Ian Kit and Shien:

Thank you so much Seth for all the important and necessary information inputs,for the trust of using them for this thesis, and in doing all our clerical works, andfor your unceasing support, understanding and providence. Thank you somuch Ian and Shien for your loving encouragement, moral and financial support,for being the financer we really appreciate your help. Thank you so much....

To our Instructor Mrs. Quirina A. Bag-ao:

Thank you so much for the effort, time, patience, care, support andunderstanding for the opportunity to work with you in the real world. Successcannot be spelled without you!

CATALINA AYUDA

Thank you so much for the support of Leolisa Gurrea in making our MidwiferyResearch, I am thankful for her hard work in helping me.

To our fellow researchers:

Thank you so much for the hard work and endurance during those sleepless nightto work and finish the thesis, and willingness to accomplish the questionnaireforms without hesitation.

Thank you so much for everything....We cannot finish this research study withoutall of you.... Thank you so much.... We love you All!!!


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DEDICATION

Dedicated to our parents, spouses, children, brothers, sisters, and love ones.

GURREA FAMILY

UY FAMILY

TUNACAO FAMILY

AYUDA FAMILY

VARGAS FAMILY

And to all our respondents in Consolacion Cebu to their time and cooperation.

You are indeed very great!

You have helped us in so many ways!

A million thanks! back


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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH DESIGN

…………………………….1

Introduction…………………………….3

Rationale…………………………….3

Theoretical Background …………………………….3

Review of Related Literature…………………………….5

Conceptual Framework …………………………….7

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem…………………………… 9

Hypothesis…………………………… 10Importance of the Study…………………………… 10


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RESEARCH DESIGN

Methodology………………………………….. 11

Research Subjects………………………………….. 11Research Environment

………………………………….. 11

Research Instrument…………………………………..12

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………….. 13

Statistical Treatment…………………………………..

13

Definition of Terms …………………………………..14

Organizational Plan …………………………………..

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ABSTRACT

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Knowledge is considered to be one of the most importantassets of an individual to organized way and to determinepatient's needs which can then be implemented using

technology to help those in medical field do their jobs moreeffectively and efficiently.

Apparently, this paper aims to assess the effects ofunassisted childbirth experience to childbirth preference/

orientation among pregnant women in Consolacion Cebu.

Data was gathered through informal interviews andquestionnaires answered by the chosen respondents. Thedata was then tallied, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.

Computed values were achieved with the use of the basicset of notational elements. And after thorough analysis,the variance between the effects of first unassisted

childbirth experience to childbirth preference is favorably"Insignificant".


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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

Unassisted childbirth (UC) refers to the process of intentionally

giving birth without the assistance of a medical or professionalbirth attendant. Some women prefer to have an unassistedchildbirth because of her belief that birth is a normal function ofthe female body and therefore not a medical emergency. Otherbeliefs are that most interventions commonly used by themedical profession during birth cause more harm than good in a

normal birth, that the mother will be more apt to follow thenatural flow of her individual birth in an undisturbed birthsetting, thus enabling her to find the optimum positions ortechniques to birth her child safely and the view that birth is anintimate, sexual, and potentially or orgasmic experience, and thebelief that privacy is essential for enabling this erotic dimension.

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Advocates believe that unassisted birthgives rise to a significant increase in maternal

feelings and the mother’s ability to bond withand take responsibility for the welfare of herchild. Some followers are unable to find a birthpractitioner willing to attend their desired

home birth. In many areas of Cebu province,specifically in our town of Consolacion, thereare no more midwives or traditional birthattendants available to assist at home births.

Likewise, the woman may find her specificcase presents difficulty in finding a willingpractitioner, as is usually the case with avaginal birth after caesarian section.


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Generally, unassisted childbirth has three types. The

first type is unassisted with friends or family, this type

of unassisted childbirth does not include the use of

medical personnel or birth attendants in a professionalcapacity, the birthing woman may still wish to have

other people present at her birth. This might include

her partner, close friends of the mother, the

grandparents-to-be, or other family members. These

people may take on various roles such as minding theother children in the family, preparing food, making

sure the mother remains undisturbed by phone call, etc.

The second type is what we called Couple’s Birth, a

woman giving birth and her partner may wish to be

alone together for the birth of their child. Some coupleswho choose unassisted childbirth consider the birth

to be a consummation or extension of their married life.

In terms of wanting to have an ecstatic or orgasmic

birth, a high degree of privacy is desired.


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Others may simply consider birth to be anintimate bonding time between the spouses

and their newborn child. The third typegenerally has no involvement with otherpeople; this is the so called Solo Birth. Somewomen choose to give birth completely alone.

They may retreat to a room alone at the timeof the birth and then bring their partner inafterward; or they may remain entirely alonein their home or another location. Women who

choose a solo unassisted birth may seebirthing as an intensely private process, ormay feel they have all the resources they needthrough their intuition.


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RATIONALE

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THEORETICAL

BACKGROUND

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This study is based on Ajzen andFishbein's Theory of Reasoned

Action. This model defines the linksbetween beliefs, attitudes, norms,intentions and behaviors of

individuals. According to this model,a person's behavior is determined byits behavioral intention to perform it.

This intention is itself determined bythe person's attitudes and hissubjective norms towards thebehavior.


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To put this theory into simpleterms: a person's voluntary

behavior is predicted by his

attitude towards that behaviorand how he/she thinks other

people would view them if theyperformed the behavior. A

person's attitude, combined withsubjective norms, forms his/herbehavioral intentions.


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The components of Theory of

Reasoned Action (TRA) are three

general constructs: behavioralintention, attitude and subjective

norms. TRA suggests that a person's

behavioral intention depends on theperson's attitude about the behavior

and subjective norms. If a person

intends to do a behavior then it islikely that the person will do it.


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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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Many women decide going forunassisted childbirth due to their

environment. Being far away from thehealth facilities that provide child birthassistance is one of the examples of thisfactor. There are also circumstances like

the birth attendant or midwife is calledlate to assist the mother.

Economy also contributes to unassistedchildbirth factors as other families can’tafford the provisions health facilities cangive for assisted childbirth.


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Influence from friends who experiencedunassisted childbirth or from other people. This

is the social factor leading to UC. There are alsogroups of people that go for UC as part of theirculture. Other religions have UC in its parts andtradition.

Some women want more freedom during

childbirth. They want to follow the natural flowof their individual birth in an undisturbed birthsetting, thus enabling her to find the optimumpositions or techniques to birth her child safely.

Other women who experienced unassistedchildbirth successfully become confident in theirskill and tend to go for UC in their future

childbirths.


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Narrowed to the rural areas, the environment is the

most prominent factor among the others. There are no

nearby birthing facilities to offer birthing assistance.

With facilities being miles away, maternal and childmortality is high. The dangers of unassisted

childbirth include the complicated childbirths, lack of

care, infections and etc. And all of it has highprobabilities leading to death.

The proponents of UC believe that childbirth is not adisease but rather a natural, physiological process

requiring proper nutrition, hygiene, prenatal self-care,

and psychological preparation provided that the

woman has a wealth of information and self-care.Most cases in rural areas, women don’t have the

capabilities to earn information regarding on

childbirth and self-care that leads to great risks indoing unassisted childbirth.

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Studies confirm that women’s andmothers’ first unassisted childbirthexperience affects their preference to thetype of childbirth they want. Mothers whosuccessfully give birth to a child

unassisted get a different perspective andmay want to go for UC in the futuredelivery. The researchers hope to assessthe relationship between the first UC

experience and other factors to childbirthtype preference among mothers inConsolacion, Cebu.


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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the effects of first

unassisted childbirth towards childbirth preference among

pregnant women in Consolacion Cebu.

Specifically, the researchers seek to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms

of?

1.1 Age

1.2 Number of Childbirth

1.3 Religion

2. What is the influence of the environment to pregnantwomen/mothers in terms of Social Aspects?

3. Is there a significant degree of relationship between first

unassisted childbirth experiences of women/mothers towards

childbirth preference?

4. What are the implications of the results to health education?back


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NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant effect on

the influence of the environmentto pregnant women towards

childbirth preference. And there

is nothing to do with the firstunassisted childbirth experience

on childbirth preference among

pregnant women / mothers inConsolacion Cebu.

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IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

We, the researchers think that it is important for allof us to be aware of the current behavior of pregnant

women / mothers in relation to unassisted childbirth.May our results of this study benefit the respondents

particularly all those pregnant women / mothers in

rural areas that these respondents can comprehend

their behavior and or decisions towards theirchildbirth preference. We are also hoping that thisstudy will help the health educators to find ways toreach out to pregnant women/mothers in rural areas

and to explain to them the importance of assisted

childbirth; that this study would help raise awarenesson pros and cons of unassisted childbirth to the

community. And for us, midwives that this study will

give us the idea of what health education andcounseling to give.

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RESEARCH DESIGN

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METHODOLOGY

To achieve the purpose ofthe study, the descriptive-corelational method was employed

in correlating the firstunassisted childbirth experience

of pregnant women /mothers in

Consolacion Cebu.

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RESEARCH SUBJECTS

The respondents of this researchwere women who have background in

Unassisted Childbirth in the ruralareas of Consolacion Cebu.

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RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

This research was conducted inthe areas of Consolacion far from

health facilities/ clinics and otherrural parts of Consolacion, Cebu.

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RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researcher-made questionnaires were used in data

gathering. The questions were made simple so thatrespondents would be able to understand and could answerthe questions easily.

There are 4 questionnaires given and each answer was

given a weight equivalent for statistical purposes.

a. Questionnaire#1: Deals with Profile of the Respondent.

b. Questionnaire#2: Deals with influence of the environment.

c. Questionnaire#3: Deals with first unassisted childbirth

experience.d. Questionnaire#4: Deals with the childbirth preference.


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Statistical Treatment

Simple Percentage: Simple percentage formula was used in

computing the frequency of the profile of respondents in

terms of age, number of childbirth and religion.Formula:

P = F x 100

N

Where P= Percentage, F = Frequency, N= Number of

respondents

Weight Mean: To compute for the weighted mean on the effectof first unassisted childbirth experience and influence of

the environment towards childbirth preference, formula

used was:WM = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4

N

Where WM= Weight Mean, F = Frequency, N= Number of

cases


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Chi-square: To determine the significant degree of

relationship between the first unassisted

childbirth experience and the influences of the

environment of the pregnant women/motherrespondents.

Formula:

X2 = ∑(fo-fe)2

fe

Where X2= correlation coefficient, fo = obtained

frequency, fe= expected frequency

The obtained chi-square ratio was checked

against the "Table of Significant Values of Chi-

Square" at a 0.05 level of significance.back


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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Unassisted Childbirth - refers to the process ofintentionally giving birth without theassistance of a medical or professional birthattendant. It is also known as free birth, DIYbirth, unhindered birth, unassisted home birth,and couples birth.

Mortality – refers to death, condition of beingmortal.

Norm - something that is usual, typical orstandard

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ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

The following organizational plan is found in this

research study:

Chapter 1 consists of the Problem and theResearch Methodology.

The problem includes the introduction of thestudy, theoretical background, conceptual

framework, and schematic diagram of the

conceptual framework, statement of the problem,hypothesis and importance of the study.

The Research Methodology includes the researchdesign, research environment and subjects,

research instruments, statistical treatment, anddefinition of terms.

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YOUAND

GOD

BLESS

childbirth preference among pregnant respondents

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