childhood obesity minnesota school of business presented by corissa aufderhar, sma
TRANSCRIPT
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Childhood
ObesityMinnesota School of Business
Presented by Corissa Aufderhar, SMA
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What is Childhood obesity?
• Overweight and obesity are both labels for ranges of weight that are greater than what is generally considered healthy for a given height. The terms also identify ranges of weight that have been shown to increase the likelihood of certain diseases and other health problems.
• Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity. It is calculated using a child's weight and height. BMI does not measure body fat directly, but it is a reasonable indicator of body fatness for most children and teens.
• A child's weight status is determined using an age- and sex-
specific percentile for BMI rather than the BMI categories used for adults because children's body composition varies as they age and varies between boys and girls.
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What is Childhood obesity? (Cont.)
Overweight is defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex.
Obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex.
How does this happen?
Too many calories + Too little physical activity=ENERGY IMBLANCE
Other factors:• Genes• Metabolism• Behavior• Environment• Culture• Socioeconomic status
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Interesting Facts
Approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese.
Since 1980, obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has almost tripled.
1 of 7 low-income, preschool-aged children is obese.
County obesity rates are variable within states
2007-2008: Hispanic boys, aged 2 to 19 years more likely to be obese than non-Hispanic white boys
Non-Hispanic black girls more likely to be obese than non-Hispanic white girls.
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An Alarming Fact
Kids younger than 6 spend an average of 2 hours a day in front of a screen, mostly watching TV, DVDs, or videos. Older kids and teens spend almost 4 hours a day watching TV, DVDs, or videos. When computer use and video games are included, time spent in front of a screen increases to over 5½ hours a day! Kids who watch more than 4 hours a day are more likely to be overweight compared with kids who watch 2 hours or less.
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Environmental Factors• Sugary drinks and less healthy foods on school
campuses
• Advertising of less healthy foods
• Variation in licensure regulations among child care centers
• Lack of daily, quality physical activity in all schools
• No safe or appealing place, in many communities, to play and be active
• Limited access to healthy and affordable foods
• Greater availability of high-energy-dense foods and sugar drinks
• Increasing portion sizes
• Lack of breastfeeding support
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Consequences of Childhood Obesity (Now)
• High blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In one study, 70% of obese children had at least one CVD risk factor, and 39% had two or more.
• Increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
• Breathing problems, such as sleep apnea, and asthma.
• Joint problems and musculoskeletal discomfort.
• Fatty liver disease, gallstones, and gastro-esophageal reflux (i.e., heartburn).
• Obese children and adolescents have a greater risk of social and psychological problems, such as discrimination and poor self-esteem, which can continue into adulthood.
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Consequences of Childhood Obesity (Later)
• Obese children are more likely to become obese adults. Adult obesity is associated with a number of serious health conditions including heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers.
• If children are overweight, obesity in adulthood is likely to be more severe.
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Ways to Fight Childhood Obesity
• Whole Community Approach!!
• Don’t reward kids for good behavior or try to stop bad behavior with treats –come up with other, healthier solutions
• Don’t maintain a clean plate policy- reinforce the idea of eating till your satisfied, and let the child be the judge
• Don’t talk about “bad foods” or completely eliminate all sweets and favorite snacks from a child’s diet- this could lead them to rebel and overeat and/or sneak.
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Current Research Projects
• The Development of Childhood Obesity: Theory, Methodology & Prevention
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Leann Birch, CCOR • ARRA: New Methods for Estimating Effects of
Parenting on Child Eating and Over-Weight Northwestern University Leann Birch, CCOR • Environmental Influences on Intake and Obesity National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Leann Birch & Barbara Rolls, Nutritional Sciences • Primary Care Network for the Treatment of
Adolescent Obesity Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Terry Hartman, Nutritional Sciences
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Resources
We Can! http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/
obesity/wecan/about-wecan/index.htm
Lets Move!http://www.letsmove.gov/
USDA Food Pyramidhttp://www.mypyramid.gov/
Kids Health from Nemourshttp://
kidshealth.org/parent/centers/fitness_nutrition_center.html
Actions for Healthy Kidshttp://www.actionforhealthykids.org/
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Conclusion
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Resources
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/problem.html
http://www.hhdev.psu.edu/ccor/research/index.html
http://www.letsmove.gov/
http://kidshealth.org/parent/centers/fitness_nutrition_center.html