children’s rights and journalism practice - guide for teachers in georgian
DESCRIPTION
The syllabus called ‘Children’s Rights and Journalism Practice’ for educating student journalists on children’s rights has been developed by UNICEF Regional Office in Geneva with the support of the Dublin Institute of Technology.TRANSCRIPT
bavSvis uflebebi da
Jurnalisturi praqtika -
uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma
saxelmZRvanelo pedagogebisaTvis
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika -
uflebebze
dafuZnebuli midgoma
uflebebis
dacva
bavSvTa parlamentebi
presis Tavisufleba
ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi?
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika –
uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma
saxelmZRvanelo pedagogebisaTvis
2011 weli
saswavlo kursi momzadda centraluri da aRmosavleT
evropisa da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis
iunisefis regionuli ofisis dakveTiT
© gaeros bavSvTa fondi (iunisefi) - dublinis
teqnologiis instituti, 2007 w.
© qarTuli Targmani da gamocema, gaeros bavSvTa fondis
saqarTvelos warmomadgenloba, 2011 w.
saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli variantis SemuSavebasa da
adaptaciaSi monawileobdnen: daviT paiWaZe, ilias
saxelobis universiteti; marine vaSaymaZe, Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universiteti; maia miqaSaviZe, Jurnalistikisa
da media menejmentis kavkasiuri skola; naTia kalaZe,
saqarTvelos universiteti; maia qurcikiZe, gaeros
bavSvTa fondi.
sarCevi
modulis Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................5
swavlebis meTodebi ......................................................................................................................................6
pedagoguri principebi .............................................................................................................................6
Sedegebi da miznebi.......................................................................................12
meTodologiebi .............................................................................................14
swavlebis Sereuli meTodi .........................................................................20
Sefaseba ............................................................................................................23
modulis struqtura .....................................................................................31
calkeul TavTan dakavSirebuli
SeniSvnebi maswavleblebisaTvis ..............................................................33
.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 5
modulis Sesavali
am saswavlo kursis Teoria da praqtika isea Serwymuli, rom kursis
dasrulebiT Jurnalistikis Semswavleli studentebi marto bavSvis
uflebaTa sferos mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaSuqebis unar-Cvevebs ki ar
ganiviTareben, aramed SeZleben gaiazron am sferos gaSuqebis praqtika
da kritikulad Seafason bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli
situacia, rogorc sakuTar qveyanaSi, aseve mTel msoflioSi. avtorebi
aseve imedovneben, rom am moduliT miRebuli codna da unar-Cvevebi
sxvebzec gavrceldeba. studentebi, romlebic warmatebiT gaivlian am
kurss, miiReben srulyofil codnas uflebebisa da eTikis sferoebSi,
ecodinebaT, rogor moekidon wyaroebs, axal ambebs da rogor
moamzadon masala TanagrZnobiT, Tumca gaiTvaliswinon sazogadoebis
ufleba _ miiRos informacia, da gaiTviTcnobieron, sad gadis zRvari
informirebasa da TanagrZnobas Soris. studentebma unda ganixilon da
gaaanalizon, rodisa aqvs Jurnalists masalis gamoqveynebis ufleba,
magram, amave dros, pasuxismgeblobac, ar gamoaqveynos igi, anda rodis
gadadis delikaturoba TviTcenzuraSi.
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli masalis gamoyeneba bevrnairad SeiZleba.
leqtorebma SeiZleba masala studentebs miscen mecadineobaze
wasakiTxad diskusiisa da debatebis xelSesawyobad, daurigon
redaqtirebuli varianti an gamoiyenon mecadineobaze Canawerebis saxiT.
saswavlo kursi sakmaod moqnilia da leqtorebi, romlebic am kurss
studentebTan gaivlian, advilad SeZleben mis morgebas swavlebis
SemuSavebul meTodebze. Tumca swavlis Sedegebisa da miznebis
warmatebiT miRweva damokidebulia im pedagogiur principebsa da
meTodologiebze, romlebic swavlebis nebismieri meTodis safuZvels
qmnis. momdevno Tavi, romelic swavlebis meTodebs exeba, dagexmarebaT
am modulis swavlebis formisa da midgomis SemuSavebaSi da kursis
warmarTvaSi.
6
swavlebis meTodebi
moduli `bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze
dafuZnebuli midgoma~ efuZneba or cnobil pedagogiur princips:
studentze orientirebul swavlebas da ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis
sferoSi. orive es principi moicavs mkafio, Tumca damxmare Teoriebs,
miznebsa da pedagogiur meTodologiebs, romlebic momdevno TavebSia
aRwerili. masalis miwodebisas leqtorebs SeuZliaT am TavebiT
ixelmZRvanelon anda mocemuli magaliTebi garkveulwilad Secvalon
da sakuTar midgomas moargon.
maSin, rodesac studentze orientirebuli swavlebis principi
avtonomiisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas uviTarebs swavlaSi
aqtiurad da Rrmad CarTul studentebs, adamianis uflebebis sferoSi
ganaTlebis principi studentze orientirebuli swavlebis princips
iyenebs missave meTodologiaSi, romelic Tanamonawileobas emyareba
da, aseve, xels uwyobs faseulobebis Camoyalibebas studentebSi da
studentebis aqtiurobas uflebebis dacvis saqmeSi. amrigad, swavlebis
meTodika JurnalistikaSi, bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis konteqstSi, iseTive
mniSvnelobas iZens, rogorc Tavad saswavlo masala.
pedagoguri principebi
studentze orientirebuli swavleba
maSin, rodesac maswavlebelze orientirebuli swavlebis strategia
fokusirebulia maswavlebelze, romelic eqspertis codnas axalbedas
gadascems, studentze orientirebuli swavleba fokusirebulia
studentze, romelmac Tavad unda imoqmedos ganaTlebis misaRebad.
studentze orientirebuli swavlebis SemTxvevaSi Tavad studentebi
arian codnis Semqmnelebi, xolo maswavlebeli an leqtori swavlis
procesis fasilitatoria da ara informaciis mimwodebeli. am rolSi
fasilitatori lideria, avtoritetuli figura, romelic Tavadac da
sxvebTan urTierTobidan gamomdinarec darwmunebulia, rom sxvebs aqvT
unari, iazrovnon da iswavlon.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 7
studentze orientirebuli swavleba zrdis SemswavlelTa
pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari ganaTlebis mimarT. am strategiiT studenti
erTveba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi, swavlobs qmedebis
gziT da ara ubralod mosmenis da iseTi davalebebis Sesrulebisa,
romlebic xSirad konteqstidanaa amovardnili da amitom studentis
`realobisgan~ Sors dgas. radgan swavlis procesi ufro aqtiuria
(vidre maswavleblis pasiuri smena), masalis damaxsovreba ufro advili
xdeba; vinaidan swavlis procesi individualur midgomas gulisxmobs da
ukavSirdeba studentebis cxovrebasa da gamocdilebas, es strategia
`acocxlebs~ masalas da mas realur cxovrebasTan Sesabamiss xdis.
studentze orientirebuli swavlebis strategiis damaxasiaTebeli
Tvisebebia:
• damokidebuleba aqtiur swavlaze da ara pasiurze,
• fokusireba siRmiseul swavlasa da gaazrebaze,
• studentebis pasuxismgeblobisa da angariSvaldebulebis amaRleba,
• moswavleebSi avtonomiurobis gancdis gaZliereba,
• maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierTdamokidebuleba,
• urTierTpativiscema maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierTobaSi,
• da refleqsiuri midgoma swavlebis da swavlis procesebisadmi,
rogorc maswavleblis, aseve moswavlis mxridan.
studentze orinetirebuli swavlebis mTavari principebi mokled ase
SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:
• moswavle srulad aris pasuxismgebeli sakuTari ganaTlebis
miRebis procesze;
• ganaTlebis misaRebad aucilebelia procesSi CarTva da
monawileobis miReba;
• SemswavlelTa Soris urTierToba ufro Tanasworia, rac xels
uwyobs zrdasa da ganviTarebas;
• maswavlebeli xdeba fasilitatori da konsultanti;
• moswavlis ganaTlebaSi xdeba sxvadasxva elementis Serwyma
(emociuri da SemecnebiTi velebis erTianoba).
(O’Neill & McMahon, 2005)
8
ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi
ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros,
rogorc ganaTleba, treningi da informacia, romlebic miznad isaxavs
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao kulturis Camoyalibebas codnis
gaziarebis, unar-Cvevebis gadacemis da midgomebis formirebis gziT da
igi mimarTulia:
• adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemis
gaZlierebisaken;
• pirovnebis srulyofili ganviTarebisa da Rirsebis gancdis
Camoyalibebisaken;
• urTierTgagebis, tolerantobis, sqesobrivi Tanasworobis
damkvidrebisa da erebs, mkvidr xalxebs, rasobriv, eTnikur,
religiur da enobriv jgufebs Soris megobrobis xelSewyobisaken;
• yvela adamianis uzrunvelyofisaken SesaZleblobiT, qmediTi
monawileoba miiRos Tavisufal da demokratiul sazogadoebaSi,
romelSic daculia kanonis uzenaesoba;
• mSvidobis mSeneblobisa da SenarCunebisaken;
• adamianze orientirebuli stabiluri ganviTarebisa da socialuri
samarTlianobis xelSewyobisaken.
ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moicavs:
• codnasa da unar-Cvevebs – adamianis uflebebis da maTi dacvis
meqanizmebis Sesaxeb codnis miRebas, aseve, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
maTi gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis SeZenas;
• faseulobebs, damokidebulebasa da qcevas – iseTi faseulobebis,
damokidebulebebisa da qcevis ganviTarebas, romelic xels uwyobs
adamianis uflebebis dacvas;
• moqmedebas – moqmedebas adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da
popularizebisaTvis.
(`iunesko~, 2005)
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 9
ra kavSiria bavSvis uflebebsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris
is gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba, romelsac bavSvobis asaki TiToeul
bavSvs aniWebs, aucilebels xdis bavSvebisadmi sagangebo yuradRebas,
mzrunvelobasa da daxmarebas. bavSvebTan mimarTebiT adamianis
uflebaTa ganmarteba da realizeba swored bavSvebis Taviseburebebisa
da saWiroebebidan gamomdinare unda moxdes. es niSnavs, rom,
faqtobrivad, bavSvTa uflebebi adamianis uflebebia, Tumca im realobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, romelSic bavSvebi imyofebian (Yeban, 1999).
uflebebze dafuZnebuli ganaTlebisTvis, iqneba es ganaTleba bavSvis
Tu adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, iseTi Sesaferisi meTodologia
unda SemuSavdes, romliTac TavisTavad swavlis procesi gadaiqceva
gzavnilad. Zafi, romelic akavSirebs transformirebadi ganaTlebis am
or gansxvavebul formas, aris rwmena TiToeuli adamianis Rirsebasa
da keTildReobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, individi, iqneba es bavSvi Tu
zrdasruli, swavlebis procesSi centralur adgils ikavebs (Yeban, 1999).
adamianis uflebebis, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvis uflebebis sferoSi
ganaTlebisaTvis rekomendebuli meTodi TanamonawileobiTi
pedagogikaa, romelic qvemoT gansazRvrul principebs efuZneba da
romelsac adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi uWers mxars.
TanamonawileobiTi meTodologia moicavs moswavleze orientirebuli
swavlebis principebs da adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis im
aspeqtebs, romlebic faseulobebis formirebasa da aqtiur moqmedebas
exeba:
1. gamocdilebasa da aqtivobaze orientirebuli principi: mkafiod unda
ganimartos, rom Seswavlis sagani moswavlis obieqturi pirobebis
da am pirobebSi adamianis uflebebis realizebis sworad gagebaa.
unda dadgindes codnis is done, romelic students ukve aqvs,
rogorc bazisi Semdgomi diskusiisTvis. studentze orientirebuli
aqtivobebi ise unda SemuSavdes, rom es codna gamovlindes. es niSnavs,
rom aqtivobebma studentebs sakuTari gamocdilebis gaziarebisa da
codnis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba unda misces.
10
2. problemis gamovlena: fasilitatorma unda Seamowmos moswavlis
adrindeli codna iseTi kiTxvebis dasmiT, romlebic mimarTuli
iqneba studentis pasuxebSi Seusabamobebis an araTanmimdevrulobis
gamovlenisaken. aseTi procesi xels Seuwyobs students, gaiazros
sakuTari mosazrebebi da ubiZgebs mas, Seicvalos azrovnebis modeli
ise, rom logikurad ufro Sesabamisi da empiriulad Tanmimdevruli
gaxdes.
3. TanamonawileobiTi principi: am teqnikam xeli unda Seuwyos imas, rom
koleqtiurad moxdes koncefciebis ganmarteba, Temebis gaanalizeba
da aqtivobebis ganxorcieleba. sxvebis gamocdilebis gacnoba
studentebisaTvis erT-erTi gzaa, romliTac adamianis gamocdileba
da codna SeiZleba gafarTovdes, dadasturdes an uaryofil iqnes.
4. dialeqtikuri principi: moswavleTa arsebuli codnis mxolod
gamovlena ar aris sakmarisi (Tezisi). mniSvnelovania isic, rom
SeadarebinoT maT sakuTari codna sxva wyaroebidan miRebul iseT
codnas, rogoricaa faqtebi, monacemebi, statistika da sxv. (antiTeza)
da gaakeTebinoT Sedegad miRebuli ideis (ideebis) sinTezi. is, rom
aq monawileTa mier interpretirebuli sakuTari gamocdileba codnis
sando wyaroebad aris miCneuli, ar niSnavs imas, rom yvelaferi
subieqturad sworia. moswavleTa codna/gamocdileba, ucvleli
formiT, iseve SezRudulia, rogorc eruditis `gaqvavebuli~ codna.
unda moxdes am codnis/gamocdilebis Sedareba sxva adamianebis
msgavsi konteqstebis interpretaciasa da gagebasTan.
5. analitikuri principi: mniSvnelovania, fasilitatorma da Tavad
studentebma gansazRvron is Temebi, romlebic studentTa
pasuxebidan gamomdinare Cndeba, da is sabaziso principebi, romlebic
am Temebs aerTianebs. fasilitatorma unda dasvas kiTxvebi `ratom~
da `rogor~. aseTi kiTxvebi daafiqrebs studentebs, ratom aris
ase da rogor moxda es. studentebs aseve unda dausvaT kiTxvebi
movlenebs Soris urTierTkavSirisa da maTi urTierTzemoqmedebis
Sesaxeb. es is kiTxvebia, romlebic studentebs exmareba, dainaxon is,
rac xiluls miRmaa.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 11
6. gamajansaRebeli principi: adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebas xels ver
SevuwyobT, Tu Cven TviTon ar vsargeblobT am uflebebiT, ar viyenebT
maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. Tanmimdevrulobis dacva, rogorc pirad,
aseve sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi Znelia, magram ar aris SeuZlebeli.
Cveni gamocdilebis intrapersonaluri, interpersonaluri da
struqturuli sferoebi urTierTadakavSirebulia da erTmaneTze
zemoqmedebs. Cven es mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes. adamianis
uflebebis pedagogika gvaTavisuflebs, gvaZlevs saSualebas,
davinaxoT, SevigrZnoT, gaviazroT, vimoqmedoT da stimuli mivceT
sakuTar Tavsac da sxvebsac. Cven piradad varT angariSvaldebulni
sakuTari keTildReobis winaSe. pedagogika adamianis uflebebis
sferoSi saSualebas gvaZlevs, gaviumjobesoT keTildReoba.
7. strategiul azrovnebaze orientirebuli principi: kritikuloba
da analitikuroba ar aris sakmarisi piroba sazogadoebis
transformirebisaTvis. adamianis uflebebis pedagogikam adamianebs
unda ubiZgos, daisaxon sakuTari miznebi da mudmivad ifiqron
am miznebis misaRwev SemoqmedebiT da strategiul gzebze.
adamianis uflebebis realobad gadaqcevisaTvis axali meTodebiT
eqsperimentirebaa saWiro. miuxedavad mravali ukiduresad rTuli
situaciisa, romlebic Cven Soris saukeTesoebsac ki arTmevs Zalas,
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebam unda daarwmunos xalxi,
rom uamravi SesaZlebloba arsebobs. xalxs axali tipis azrovneba
sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom es uflebebi gamoiyenos.
8. mizansa da qmedebaze orientirebuli principi: adamianis uflebebi
praqtikuli varjiSia. igi moiTxovs qmedebis, dafiqrebis, qmedebis,
dafiqrebis da a.S. cikls. adamianis uflebebi erT dReSi ki
ara, aramed droTa ganmavlobaSi miiRweva. adamianis uflebebis
pedagogika unda aswavlides adamianebs, rogor gaxadon sakuTari
miznebi ufro konkretuli da miRwevadi. igi aseve saSualebas unda
aZlevdes adamianebs, dagegmon da organizeba gauwion Tavis qmedebebs
im miznebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic daisaxes. moTmineba, pozitiuri
azrovneba da mizanmimarTuleba is faseulobebia, romlebic adamianis
uflebaTa pedagogikaSi Zevs.
12
Sedegebi da miznebi
am modulSi saswavlo programisadmi studentze orientirebuli
swavlebis midgomis gamoyeneba (es midgoma sul ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba
msoflioSi saswavlo kursebis SemuSavebisas) gulisxmobs swavlis iseTi
Sedegebis an miznebis gaweras, romlebic fokusirebuli iqneba ara imaze,
Tu ra masala unda miawodos maswavlebelma studentebs, aramed imaze,
Tu ris gakeTeba unda SeZlon studentebma. aseTi praqtikiT aqcenti
gadadis maswavleblis mier misawodebeli masalidan moswavleze. es
niSnavs processa da kompetenciaze koncentrirebas da ara masalaze.
studentze orientirebuli swavlebis Sedegebi: ramdenime
magaliTi
tradiciuli swavlebis Sedegebi/miznebi
am modulis dasrulebisas Tqven
(students) SegeZlebaT:
saswavlo kursi moicavs:
gansazRvroT bavSvTa uflebis
ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi gaeros
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi;
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencias;
kritikulad SeafasoT qcevis
kodeqsebi da saredaqcio
saxelmZRvanelo principebi.
saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo
principebs da qcevis kodeqsebs.
wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w. (O’Neill & McMahon, 2005)
swavlis Sedegebi
modulis `bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze
dafuZnebuli midgoma~ dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs SeeZlebaT:
• gaigon da mokled Camoayalibon bavSvTa uflebebis ZiriTadi
maxasiaTeblebi, rogorc es Camoyalibebulia gaeros bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciaSi;
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 13
• uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT waikiTxon, gaaanalizon da kritikulad
Seafason, Tu rogor Suqdeba bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi;
• kritikulad Seafason saredaqcio principebis da qcevis kodeqsebis
Sesabamisoba da mniSvneloba bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis
gadmocemasTan mimarTebiT;
• profesiulad Seafason Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvis uflebebis
dacvis TvalsazrisiT;
• gaaSuqon samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvis uflebaTa principebis
Sesabamisad.
ganaTlebis miznebi bavSvis uflebaTa sferoSi
bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb ganaTleba unda efuZnebodes swavlis sam
mizans:
• codna da unar-Cvevebi – bavSvis uflebebisa da humanuri
standartebis Sesaxeb informaciisa da codnis miReba da am codnis
gamoyenebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis SeZena;
• faseulobebi, damokidebuleba da qceva – meti TanagrZnobis
gamovlena da negatiuri midgomebis Secvla an pozitiuri
midgomebisa da qcevis gamyareba bavSvis uflebebTan mimarTebiT;
• qmedeba – moqmedeba bavSvTa uflebebis dacvisa da xelSewyobisaTvis
profesiuli saqmianobis Sesrulebisas.
(adaptirebulia: `iunesko~ 2005)
uflebebze dafuZnebuli am modulis fasilitacia da imis xelSewyoba,
rom studentebma miaRwion dasaxul miznebs gulisxmobs studentze
orientirebuli swavlis principis, TanamonawileobiTi meTodologiisa
da uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis transformirebadi komponentis
gamoyenebas. mosalodnelia Semdegi cvlilebebi:
14
• qcevis cvlileba bavSvebisa da bavSvobis Sesaxeb im mosazrebebis
gaTviTcnobierebis gziT, romlebic adre gauTviTcnobierebeli
iyo. cvlileba procesia, romelic iwyeba arsebul situaciasTan
konfliqtis aRiarebiT da ara `eqspertisgan~ axali ideis gagebiT.
es gulisxmobs imis gaTviTcnobierebas, rom arsebuli qceva ar
Seesabameba bavSvis uflebebis principebs.
• kulturuli cvlileba pirovnuli cvlilebis gziT. pirovnuli
cvlileba mxolod qcevaSi cvlilebas ar gulisxmobs, vinaidan igi
kulturis konteqstSi Cndeba. igi moiTxovs cvlilebas adamianis
urTierTobaSi swored kulturuli cvlilebebis konteqstSi.
amas SeiZleba Sedegad bavSvebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis tradiciul
SexedulebebTan winaaRmdegobaSi mosvla mohyves. mniSvnelovania,
rom nebismier pirovnul cvlilebas, rogorc bavSvebSi, ise
zrdasrulebSi adgilobrivi kultura ganamtkicebdes.
• struqturuli cvlileba iseTi meqanizmebisa da saSualebebis
Seqmnis gziT, romlebic axdenen bavSvis uflebebis xelSemwyobi
personaluri da kulturuli cvlilebebis institucionalizebas.
(Yeban, 2002)
meTodologiebi
leqtorebma iseTi strategiebi unda gamoiyenon, romlebic ubiZgebs
studentebs, gaaqtiurdnen codnisa da unar-Cvevebis SeZenaSi. qvemoT
motanil cxrilSi mocemulia studentze orientirebuli swavlebis
meTodebis nimuSi da ramdenime idea leqtorebisaTvis, rogorc saleqcio
(ufro maswavlebelze orientirebuli), aseve arasaleqcio formatisTvis.
Tumca leqtorebma unda izrunon, sadac ki es SesaZlebelia, saleqcio
saaTebis Semcirebaze studentze orientirebuli formatebis
sasargeblod.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 15
studentze orientirebuli swavlebis meTodebis magaliTebi
arasaleqcio formati leqcia
damoukidebeli proeqtebi sadiskusio jgufebi (mokle
diskusiebi orkacian jgufebSi)
jgufuri diskusia piramidis/Tovlis gundis efeqti
(jgufebad dayofa anbanis/
nomrebis mixedviT da diskusia)
Tanakurselebis mier sxva
studentebisTvis rCevebis micema
Sereuli jgufebi (studentebis
Sereva jgufebSi anbanis/nomrebis
mixedviT)
debatebi mrgvali magida (yvela studenti
rigrigobiT laparakobs)
savele vizitebi testebi
praqtikuli mecadineoba swavlis Sesaxeb mosazrebebis
dawera (3/4 wuTi)
refleqsiuri dRiurebi,
saswavlo Jurnalebi
studentebis prezentaciebi
klasSi
swavla kompiuteris daxmarebiT rolebis gaTamaSeba
saswavlo sagnebis/proeqtebis
arCeva
plakatebis prezentacia
sagazeTo statiis dawera studentebi klasSi amzadeben
dasaweri samuSaos gegmas
wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w.
studentebi unda monawileobdnen da sakuTari wvlili SehqondeT
saklaso muSaobaSi. saswavlo masala studentebs Soris diskusiebisa da
debatebis uzarmazar SesaZleblobas iZleva da mecadineoba seminarebs
emsgavseba. leqtorebma saswavlo masala unda gaamdidron magaliTebiT
da axali masaliT TavianTi qveynebidan ise, rom studentebma gamoiyenon
satelevizio da radios Jurnalisturi masala, aseve masala im
gazeTebidan da Jurnalebidan, romlebsac Tavad kiTxuloben. sasurvelia,
studentebma Tavad moiZion masala da moitanon mecadineobaze.
16
realur ambebze dayrdnobiT maswavleblebs SeuZliaT moamzadon
hipoTeturi istoriebis mokle monaxazi, romlebSic wamoWrilia
problemebi da mosTxovon studentebs, daweron maTze statia.
studentebma unda Seqmnan bavSvTa uflebebis wyaroebis monacemTa
bazac, romlebic klasificirebuli iqneba wyaros saxeebis mixedviT,
magaliTad, ̀ samTavrobo wyaroebi~, ̀ saerTaSoriso wyaroebi~, ̀ bavSvis
uflebaTa wyaroebi~, anu im CamonaTvalis msgavsad, romlebic
mocemulia saswavlo masalaSi. vebgverdebze arsebuli vrceli masala,
romelic xelmisawvdomia bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis (CRIN) da `iunisefis~ vebgverdebze, karg sawyis resursad gamodgeba.
bavSvis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis Sesaferisi meTodologia
leqtorebs, romlebic am saswavlo kurss atareben, SeuZliaT SeimuSaon
swavlebis iseTi meTodi, romelic aerTianebs studentze orientirebuli
swavlebisa da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis principebsa da
miznebs da Seefereba studentebis instituciur viTarebasa da garemos.
qvemoT iseTi meTodis magaliTia moyvanili, romelSic gaZlierebulia
studentze orientirebuli swavlebis principebi da gamoyenebulia
Tanamonawileobis meTodi. es meTodi mTel msoflioSi warmatebiT
gamoiyeneba rogorc adamianis, aseve bavSvis uflebaTa swavlebaSi.
ADIDS meTodi
ADIDS-is meTods mxars uWers adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis
azia-wynari okeanis regionuli resurs-centri (ARRC HRE), romelic
`amnesti interneiSenalisa~ da aziis ganviTarebis kulturuli
forumis erToblivi proeqtia. es aris arakomerciuli, arasamTavrobo
regionuli organizacia, romelic 1922 wels dafuZnda, rogorc
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis instituti da qseli azia-
wynaris okeanis regionSi da atarebs seminarebs adamianis uflebebSi,
amzadebs da avrcelebs sainstruqcio da sxva Sesabamis masalebs,
atarebs kvlevebs da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi saganmanaTleblo
kampaniebs. 1955 wels ARRC-m gamoaqveyna adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 17
ganaTlebis paketi, anu adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb saganmanaTleblo
masalebis kompleqti, romelic moicavda ADIDS-is sabaziso dokuments
_ paolo freiris ganaTlebis koncefciis Targmans.
ADIDS
aqtivoba
TiToeuli mecadineoba iwyeba iseTi aqtivobiT, romelmac xeli unda
Seuwyos an monawilis im adreuli codnis Tu gamocdilebis gamovlenas,
romelic mecadineobis miznebs ukavSirdeba, an monawileTa mier
koncefciebis kargad gagebas. am etapze es aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs
monawileebs, gakveTilis miznebis Sesabamis gamocdilebaze Seiqmnan
an Seicvalon warmodgenebi da gancdebi. es aqtivoba agrZnobinebs
monawileebs, rom isini diskusiis centrSi arian. amosavali wertili
adamianis uflebebis sferoSi maTi gamocdilebaa.
diskusia
diskusia mecadineobis saazrovno da dakvirvebis fazaa. kiTxvebma unda
ubiZgos monawileebs, gaiazron TavianTi is gamocdileba, romelic am
aqtivobaSi ganisazRvreba. monawileebi ifiqreben am gamocdilebaze
leqciis miznebTan dakavSirebis gziT. sakmaod xSirad sakuTar
gamocdilebas kritikis gareSe viRebT da mxolod maSin, rodesac mas
mizanmimarTulad vaanalizebT, vwvdebiT mis arss da gansxvavebuli
kuTxidan vuyurebT. monawileTa gamocdileba diskusiis obieqtad da
`Sinaarsad~ iqceva.
studentis samuSao/leqcia
samuSaos mizani monawileTa codnis gafarToebaa. fasilitatorma
an konsultantma SeiZleba iseTi mosazreba gamoTqvas, romelic
daadasturebs an eWvis qveS daayenebs imas, Tu rogor esmiT monawileebs
konkretuli gamocdileba. praqtikuli samuSaos mizania `uflebebis~
iseTi perspeqtivis Cveneba, romlidanac xdeba monawileTa gamocdilebis
danaxva. samuSaos Sedegad studentebs saSualeba eZlevaTY daaxarisxon
TavianTi codna da sakuTari gamocdileba uflebriv WrilSi ganixilon.
18
CaRrmaveba
CaRrmaveba saSualebas iZleva, gamomJRavndes da ganxilul iqnes
konfliqti an winaaRmdegoba, erTi mxriv, monawileTa Sexedulebebs
Soris da, meore mxriv, monawileTa Sexedulebebsa da konsultantis
Sexedulebebs Soris.
sinTezi
sinTezi, Cveulebriv, moicavs specifikur aqtivobebs, romlebic exmareba
monawileebs, Seajamon is mixvedrebi, romlebic mecadineobis aqtivobis
segmentidan CaRrmavebis segmentamde gamarTuli diskusiidan miiReba.
igi aseve daexmareba fasilitators, gansazRvros, ramdenad miiRweva
leqciis miznebi da Seitanos saWiro cvlilebebi Semdegi leqciisaTvis.
(ARRC, 1995)
qvemoT cxrilis saxiT aris mocemuli am modulis 1-li nawilis 1-li
Tavis ADIDS-is meTodiT swavlebis nimuSi.
ADIDS-is
meTodologia
ganxorcieleba fasilitatoris
SeniSvnebi
aqtivoba
an
diskusia
moitaneT/gaakeTeT
kolaJi Jurnalis/
gazeTis statiebisa,
romlebic adamianis
uflebebs exeba.
aqtivoba da diskusia
gansazRvravs,
Tu rogor esmiT
monawileebs mTavari
Sesaswavli sakiTxebi
da ra codnas
flobdnen isini
am sakiTxebze: ra
aris adamianis
uflebebi? adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaracia,
adamianis uflebaTa
dacva.
isaubreT mediaSi
bolo dros
gaSuqebuli adamianis
uflebaTa istoriebis
Sesaxeb.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 19
ADIDS-is
meTodologia
ganxorcieleba fasilitatoris
SeniSvnebi
studentis samuSao/
leqcia
adamianis
uflebaTa dacvis
ra saerTaSoriso
standartebi arsebobs?
ris Sesaxebaa adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaracia?
rogor viTardeba
adamianis uflebaTa
standartebi?
ra fundamenturi
principebi udevs
safuZvlad
adamianis uflebebis
standartebs?
romeli konkretuli
uflebebia adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciaSi?
adamianis uflebaTa ra
darRvevebi arsebobs?
romelma qveynebma
daarRvies an ar
daarRvies adamianis
uflebebi?
samuSao efuZneba
im codnas, rac
monawileebs ukve
aqvT. fasilitatori
ubralod amatebs
imas, rac aqtivobas/
diskusias aklia.
CaRrmaveba sayovelTaoa Tu
SefardebiTi adamianis
uflebebi romelime
kulturasTan
Tu situaciasTan
mimarTebaSi?
arsebobs Tu ara
raime konkretuli
erovnuli Sexeduleba
adamianis uflebebis
Sesaxeb? ras niSnavs
adamianis uflebebi
JurnalistikisTvis?
CaRrmaveba xels
uwyobs adamianis
uflebebis Sesaxeb
sakamaTo sakiTxebze
diskusiis dawyebas.
es aris azrovnebis
maprovocirebeli
kiTxvebi, romlebic
monawileebs
daafiqrebs zogierT
maT gaazrebul
an gauazrebel
mosazrebaze.
20
ADIDS-is
meTodologia
ganxorcieleba fasilitatoris
SeniSvnebi
sinTezi ilustracia an
scenari, romelSic
studentebs sakuTari
codnis gamoyeneba
SeuZliaT.
sinTezi ajamebs
mecadineobaze
miRweul mixvedrebs
da exmareba
fasilitators,
gansazRvros, miRweuli
iqna Tu ara saswavlo
miznebi.
swavlis Sereuli meTodi
kompiuteriT swavla, rogorc studentze orientirebuli swavlebis
meTodi, meTodologiebis nawilSi iyo rekomendebuli, xolo
kompiuteriT Sefaseba dasaxelebulia Sefasebis erT-erT meTodad.
Sereuli swavla ubralod terminia iseTi swavlisa da swavlebis
midgomebis aRsaniSnavad, romlebic onlain aqtivobebisa da pirispir
aqtivobebis kombinacias warmoadgens.
VLE (Virtual Learning Environement - virtualuri saswavlo garemo) aris
swavlis virtualuri garemo, romelic xels uwyobs Sereul swavlas.
Sereuli swavlis magaliTebi:
• kursis komponentebis Sereva
swavlis es kursi Sedgeba pirispir mecadineobebisa da onlain
aqtivobebisagan. TiToeuli komponentis wili mniSvnelovnad icvleba
kursidan kursamde. aseTi formiT Sereul kursSi calkeuli aqtivobebi
an mTlianad pirispir mecadineobebia, an onlain aqtivobebi. amrigad,
SeiZleba jer iyos leqcia, mere onlain diskusia, romelsac mohyveba
praqtikuli mecadineoba da Semdeg onlain masalis gamoyeneba.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 21
• fizikuri da virtualuri komponentebis Sereva
(adgilmdebareobis Sereva)
Cveulebriv miCneulia, rom onlain aqtivoba gamiznulia kampusis
gareT, saxlSi, individualuri gamoyenebisaTvis. Tumca onlain
aqtivobebi zogjer saklaso mecadineobis dros, maswavleblis
TandaswrebiT gamoiyeneba. zogierT onlain aqtivobas studentTa
jgufi atarebs kampusis saswavlo teritoriaze (`samecadino
sivrce~). amrigad, saganmanaTleblo aqtivoba SeiZleba warmoadgendes
pirispir komunikaciis da diskusiis da masalis onlain gamoyenebis,
informirebis da komunikaciis kombinacias. swavlis procesi Tavad aris
Sereuli. masSi SeiZleba moxdes rogorc fizikuri, aseve virtualuri
adgilmdebareobis Sereva.
resursebis Sereva
eleqtronuli swavla sxvadasxva wyarodan resursebis Tavmoyris
saSualebas iZleva. SesaZlebeli xdeba gare resursebisa da
adgilze, maswavleblis mier Seqmnili resursebis gaerTianeba;
kursis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT imuSaon gundebad da swavlis
teqnologiebis gamoyenebis gziT advilad gauziaron erTmaneTs
resursebi. studentebic erTmaneTs iyeneben, rogorc resursebs,
rodesac erTmaneTs daxmarebisTvis mimarTaven; es, rasakvirvelia,
pirispir meTodiTac xdeba da onlain meTodiTac; ZiriTadad orive
meTodi gamoiyeneba.
studentebisaTvis davalebebis Sesrulebis dros xelmisawvdomi
masStaburi da mravalferovani saswavlo resursebi warmoadgens
cifruli, fizikuri da adamianuri resursebis naerTs, romelsac
isini iyeneben pirispir da onlain meTodebis an orives
kombinaciis gziT.
virtualuri saswavlo garemo ewodeba eleqtronuli swavlis
instrumentebisa da programebis mTel nakrebs, romelic xelmisawvdomia
personalisa da studentebisaTvis.
22
virtualuri saswavlo garemos saswavlo programebia, magaliTad:
blekbordi (Blackboard)ueb-si-Ti (WebCT)keSCenmarki (Questionmark)kontent ripozitoriz (Content Repositories)
studentze orientirebuli virtualuri saswavlo garemo
dReisaTvis eleqtronuli swavlis paketebis umetesoba ufro personalze
orientirebul meTodzea gaTvlilia. marTlac, popularuli programuli
paketebi (Blackboard da WebCT), maTi operirebis TvalsazrisiT, Zalze
fokusirebulia personalze. yvelaferi organizebulia kursebis
mixedviT da saWiroebs maswavleblis daxmarebas. studentebs Zalze
mcire gasaqani eZlevaT imisaTvis, rom sakuTari iniciativiT imuSaon
kursis farglebSi da damoukideblad, maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe,
wamoiwyon diskusiebi an ganaTavson masalebi.
studentebis saWiroebebi
aris Tu ara iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac studentTa jgufs, romelsac
surs, gamoiyenos blekbordi an ueb-si-Ti, magram maswavlebels maTTvis
jer kursisTvis saWiro sivrce ar Seuqmnia, raime SesaZlebloba
universitetSi, rom (a) mosmenili iqnes studentebis mosazrebebi? (b)
dakmayofilebuli iqnes maTi saWiroebebi? ra saoperacio funqcias
iTxoven Tavad studentebi?
swavlis onlain wilis zrdasTan erTad studentebma SeiZleba
moisurvon kampusSi da kampusis gareT sakuTari drois ukeT organizeba
drois ufro did `monakveTebad~. gangeb xom ar xdeba universitetebSi
ganrigis ise SemuSaveba, rom kampusSi samecadino dReebi rac SeiZleba
cota gamovides? aqtiur swavlasa da jgufur muSaobaSi eleqtronuli
swavlis meTodis gamoyenebis procesi sainteresod viTardeba. ras
fiqroben studentebi swavlis aseT meTodze? ra saxis saganmanaTleblo
midgomebi iqneboda maTTvis sasurveli?
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 23
ra tipis daxmareba dasWirdeboda students saxlidan wvdomis, akademiuri
da teqnikuri sakiTxebis garkvevis, usadeno qselis xelmisawvdomobis,
saswavlo sivrcis dizainis TvalsazrisiT? ra moxdeba, studentma
virtualuri saswavlo garemos farglebSi rom moisurvos sakuTari
inciativiT, anu maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe, onlain saswavlo
jgufis Seqmna virtualuri konferenciis an resursebis gaziarebis
mizniT? ra moxdeba, studentma rom ipovos saintereso onlain resursebi
da Tavad ganaTavsos bmulebi da/an masalebi kursis romelime sivrceSi
an veb-sivrceSi? studentze orientirebuli am tipis instrumentebi
advili xelmisawvdomi ar aris kursis marTvis tradiciul sistemebSi.
risi uzrunvelyofa iqneboda SesaZlebeli? da isev, ras isurvebdnen
Tavad studentebi?
gzebi, romelTa meSveobiTac leqtorebi SeZleben am modulSi Sereuli
swavlebis midgomebis gamoyenebas:
1.
2.
3.
Sereuli swavlebis midgomebis gamoyenebis sargebeli:
Sefaseba
Sefaseba Zalze mniSvnelovania, vinaidan igi aCvenebs leqtors, rom
studentebma gaiTavises koncefciebi da, SeuZliaT, profesiulad
Seasrulon Jurnalistis saqmianoba. mniSvnelovania is, rom SefasebiT
mowmdeba saswavlo programis yvela aspeqti da fasdeba swavlis is 5
(xuTi) Sedegi, romlebic mTeli modulisTvis ganisazRvra.
leqtorebs SeuZliaT, SearCion Sefasebis forma imisda mixedviT,
Tu ramdenad warmatebulni arian studentebi, anda ras arian isini
miCveulebi. Cven ar girCevT mxolod tradiciuli gamocdebiT
Semofargvlas, vinaidan aseTi formiT ver xerxdeba im aspeqtebis srulad
24
Semowmeba, romelTa ganxilvasac saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs.
Sefasebis tradiciul praqtikasTan dakavSirebuli sirTule is aris,
rom, magaliTad, niSnebs an qulebs zedmeti mniSvneloba eniWeba, xolo
rCevis micemas da swavlis funqcias _ naklebi, xdeba moswavleebis
erTmaneTTan Sedareba, riTac maxvili ufro konkurenciaze keTdeba,
vidre personalur gaumjobesebaze.
yvelaze kargia, leqtorebma studentebis Sesamowmeblad gamoiyenon,
rogorc Semajamebeli, aseve formirebadi Sefasebebi. Semajamebeli
Sefaseba gamoyenebuli unda iqnes kompetenturobis gansasazRvrad
da studentisTvis modulSi niSnis dasawerad. formirebadi
Sefaseba gamoyenebuli unda iqnes imisaTvis, rom studentma miiRos
rekomendaciebi swavlis Sesaxeb. am SefasebiT students eZleva rCeva
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeinarCunos da gaaumjobesos sakuTari
winsvla, magram igi gavlenas ar axdens studentis Semajamebeli
Sefasebis niSansa Tu qulaze.
saswavlo kursSi meti formirebadi Sefasebis gamoyenebiT moaxdenT
studentebze fokusirebas, vinaidan gamoavlenT maT swavlaSi
naklovanebebsa da im aspeqtebs, romelTa gamosworebac SeuZliaT.
formirebadi Sefasebis magaliTebSi Sedis komentarebi eseebze,
werilobiTi SeniSvnebi Sesrulebul davalebebze, wlis ganmavlobaSi
iseTi niSnebis dawera, romlebic ar imoqmedebs wlis bolos
daweril niSanze, da mravalvariantiani kiTxvebi/pasuxebi mxolod
rekomendaciebis misaRebad. sxva formirebadi Sefasebebis damateba
aZlierebs studentze orientirebul midgomas.
Semajamebeli Sefasebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani principi aris is, rom
man unda gansazRvros, miaRwia Tu ara da ramdenad miaRwia studentma
am modulisaTvis gansazRvrul saswavlo Sedegs, ris safuZvelzec
daiwereba niSani an qula, romelic imoqmedebs studentis Semdgom
swavlaze, swavlis Sedegze an oriveze. imas, Tu ras swavlobs studenti,
ra Zalisxmevas iyenebs amisaTvis da ra xasiaTi aqvs studentis swavlas,
xSirad im Semajamebeli Sefasebis masStabi da forma ganapirobebs,
romlis miRebasac isini moelian. magram formirebadi Sefaseba
umniSvnelovanesia swavlis procesisaTvis da idealur SemTxvevaSi
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 25
saswavlo kursi ise unda iqnes Sedgenili, rom maqsimalurad gaizardos
formirebadi SeniSvnebis raodenoba, romlebsac studentebi miiReben
TavianTi samuSaos Sesaxeb.
Semajamebeli Sefaseba
qvemoT motanilia Semajamebeli Sefasebebis ramdenime magaliTi,
romlebic leqtorebs SeuZliaT ucvlelad an saxecvlili formiT
gamoiyenon. Semajamebeli Sefasebis es magaliTi rekomendebulia am
modulisaTvis:
studentebi warmoadgenen bavSvTa uflebebisa da keTildReobis
zogierTi aspeqtis Sesaxeb 1000-sityvian statias. statia unda iyos
originaluri da Sesrulebuli maRalprofesiul doneze ise, rom misi
gamoqveyneba SeiZlebodes. studentebi aseve warmoadgenen Jurnals,
romelSic aRwerili iqneba kvlevisa da statiis weris procesi.
sadac SesaZlebelia, studentebi radiosTvis axali ambebis pakets
moamzadeben.
magaliTad, studentebma mediaorganizaciis gamoSvebis redaqtors
SeiZleba gamosaqveyneblad an translirebisaTvis SesTavazon statiis
an paketis momzadeba. studentebma unda moamzadon yovelkvireuli
Jurnalic, romelSic detalurad iqneba aRwerili procesi,
wamoWrili sakiTxebi, maT Soris bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebisadmi interesi Tu uinteresoba. realurad am tipis Sefaseba
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes iq, sadac didi mediabazaria. amis erT-
erTi alternatiuli variantia studentis mier namuSevris wardgena
redaqtorisaTvis, romelic sakuTar mosazrebebs gamoTqvams am
namuSevarze, Tumca ar iqneba valdebuli, gamoaqveynos igi. students
niSani ewereba JurnalSi aRwerili sakiTxebis, publikaciis da
gamoqveynebul naSromSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis safuZvelze.
26
formirebadi Sefaseba
qvemoT motanilia formirebadi Sefasebis ramdenime magaliTi, romlebic
leqtorebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ucvlelad an saxecvlili formiT,
rogorc Tavad CaTvlian saWirod:
yoveli mecadineobis dasrulebisas studentebs eZlevaT davaleba
Semdegi mecadineobisTvis. es niSnavs, rom studentebi Semowmdebian
konkretuli nawilis yvela aspeqtSi. davalebis moculoba SeiZleba
monacvleobdes mokle axali ambis momzadebidan da konkretul
sakiTxze bavSvebis SerCeviTi gamokiTxvidan (voqs-popi) mravalpasuxian
testebamde. mniSvnelovania, rom davalebis sirTulis done studentebis
dones Seesabamebodes, Tumca davaleba Zalian Zneli an detaluri ar
unda iyos, raTa studentebs ar gauWirdeT am davalebisaTvis gamoyofil
droSi Cateva. es saklaso davalebebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes
rogorc formirebadi Sefasebebi da yovel maTganze niSnis dawera ar aris
aucilebeli. isini qmnis mdidar bazas momavali mecadineobebisaTvis da
mTavari sadiskusio sakiTxebis gansazRvraSi da maT Semdgom gavrcobaSi
gvexmareba. formirebadi Sefasebis nebismieri qvemoT mocemuli forma
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes davalebis xasiaTis mixedviT:
• Tanakurselis Sefaseba
• TviTSefaseba
• Sefaseba kompiuteris meSveobiT
• saswavlo kontraqtebi / SeTanxmebuli kontraqtebi
Tanakurselis Sefaseba / TviTSefaseba
Tanakurselis Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba kontrolsa da pasuxismgeblobas
ubrunebs students, xazs usvams ra studentSi avtonomiurobis
gazrdil grZnobas. TviTSefaseba mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa, romelic
exmareba students, sakuTar swavlaze aiRos pasuxismgebloba.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 27
Tanakurselis Sefaseba
Tanakurselis Sefaseba niSnavs sxva, Tanabari statusisa da
uflebamosilebis mqone adamianis samuSaos Sefasebas. Tanakurselis
Sefasebam sargebloba orive mxares unda moutanos – Sesafasebelsac
da Semfasebelsac. konstruqciuli SeniSvnebis micemis unari Zalze
faseuli unaria. am unaris SesaZenad studenti Seiswavlis niSnis/
qulis daweris sqemebs an Sefasebis kriteriumebs, imas, Tu rogor
aagos winadadeba, romelSic efeqtianad iqneba SeniSvnebi gamoxatuli
da rogor daicvas sakuTari komentarebi. kritikuli gaazreba,
romelic umniSvnelovanesia SeniSvnebis gamoTqmisTvis, Zalze faseuli
akademiuri unaria. studentebi iswavlian diplomatiasac, rogor miiRon
da moaxdinon reagireba konstruqciul kritikaze, SeiZenen, aseve,
mkafio da kritriumebze dafuZnebuli Sefasebebis gakeTebis unar-Cvevebs.
Tanakurselis Sefaseba gaaRrmavebs studentis saswavlo gamocdilebas,
radgan studentebi bevr rames gaigeben sakuTar naSromze sxva studentebis
mier Sesrulebuli msgavsi davalebebis Sefasebis gziT.
TviTSefaseba
TviTSefasebis dros studentebi sakuTar namuSevars amowmeben, xelaxla
ubrundebian davalebebis monaxazebs da teqstebs da uRrmavdebian da
iazreben TavianT warsul praqtikas. yuradRebis miqcevaa saWiro, rom
studentebma iswavlon imis Sefaseba, rac faqtobrivad aris miRweuli da
ara imisa, Tu ra iyo nagulisxmevi. TviTSefasebis koncefcia sakuTari
naSromis Sefasebis unaris garda TviTanalizis da kritikuli gaazrebis
unar-Cvevebsac aviTarebs.
Sefaseba kompiuteris meSveobiT
kompiuteriT Sefaseba swrafi da qmediTi gzaa, romlis meSveobiTac
studenti maleve Rebulobs gamoxmaurebas sakuTar naSromze, xolo
maswavlebeli zogavs niSnis dasawerad saWiro dros. kompiuteriT
Sefaseba tipuri formirebadi Sefasebaa, vinaidan igi exmareba students,
daadginos, miaRwia Tu ara maswavleblis mier dasaxul mizans.
28
saswavlo kontraqtebi/SeTanxmebuli kontraqtebi
es kontraqtebi gansazRvravs im miznebs, romlebsac studentebi
TavianTi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mixedviT saxaven da aTanxmeben
leqtorebTan. aseT kontraqtSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros Sefasebis is
formac, romliTac students surs, rom misi codna Semowmdes imis
dasadgenad, miRweul iqna Tu ara dasaxuli miznebi. es iZleva arCevanis
saSualebas, ra sagani iswavlos studentma da aseve arCevanisa, Tu ra
formiT Sefasdes misi codna. arCevani studentze orientirebuli
swavlis strategiis erT-erTi mTavari pirobaa.
swavlis SeTanxmebis koncefciac leqtorsa da students Soris
urTierTobis mniSvnelovani cvlilebis maCvenebelia. rogor vaniWebT,
sinamdvileSi, students garkveul avtonomias da gadawyvetilebis
miRebis saSualebas iseT sferoSi, rogoric Sefasebaa? qvemoT motanil
cxrilSi mocemulia mosazrebebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba leqtorma CarTos
studenti Sefasebis procesSi.
studentebis CarTva davalebebis
gansazRvris etapze
• Sesafasebeli davalebis arCeva
• Sesafasebeli davalebis
gansazRvra
• msjeloba Sefasebis
kriteriumebis Sesaxeb
• Sefasebis kriteriumebis
gansazRvra
studentebis CarTva davalebebis
Sesrulebis Semdgom etapze
• TviTSefasebiTi SeniSvnebis
gamoTqma
• TanakurselTa mier Sefasebis
SeniSvnebis gamoTqma
• TviTSefasebiTi niSnebis/
qulebis SemoTavazeba
• TviTSefasebiT niSnebze/
qulebze SeTanxmeba
• TviTSefasebiTi niSnebis/
qulebis miniWeba
• TanakurselTa mier Sefasebis
niSnebis an qulebis miniWeba
wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 29
komentireba
formirebadi (da, aseve, Semajamebeli) Sefasebis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani komponentia komentarebi studentebis, Tanakurselebis
an fasilitatoris mxridan. xarisxiani, srulyofili, drouli
komentarebi Zalian mniSvnelovani faqtoria studentis swavlis
procesis warmarTvisTvis. Sefaseba studentebs unda uzrunvelyofdes
komentarebiT swavlis dasaxuli miznebisaken maTi winsvlis Sesaxeb.
komentarebiT studentebi SeZleben gaiazron, ra gaakeTes kargad, ra
unda gamoasworon da ramdenad samarTliani iyo Semajamebeli SefasebiT
dasmuli niSani/qula.
imisaTvis, rom Tqvenma _ rogorc fasilitatoris _ komentarebma
maqsimaluri zegavlena iqonios studentis swavlis procesze, es
komentarebi drouli unda iyos. naadrevma komentarebma SeiZleba
studentis gaazrebis procesi Seaferxos. Tumca ufro xSirad
komentarebi dagvianebiT keTdeba, rodesac studentisaTvis maT
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aRara aqvs. komentireba ar unda gadaidos wlis/
semestris bolosTvis, vinaidan naklebad savaraudoa, rom aman raime
sargebloba moutanos students mas Semdeg, rac davaleba dasrulebuli
eqneba da axali davalebis Sesruleba eqneba dawyebuli.
droul da arsebiT komentirebas bevri sargeblobis motana SeuZlia
swavlis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, aseTi komentireba:
• gaaCens ndobas studentebSi;
• motivacias gauCens studentebs, gaaumjobeson swavlis procesi;
• miawvdis studentebs informacias swavlis procesis gaumjobesebis
Sesaxeb;
• gamoasworebs Secdomebs, gansazRvravs Zlier da sust mxareebs.
komentarebis meti efeqtianoba
Tqveni, rogorc maswavleblis, komentarebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis
mravali gza arsebobs, raTa isini studentisaTvis meti Sedegis momtani
iyos. martivi rameebi, magaliTad, kargi namuSevris plusiT (an sxva
30
grafikuli niSniT) aRniSvnis nacvlad iseTi mokle sityvebis Cawera,
rogoricaa `kargia~ an `sworia~, gazrdis studentebis motivacias.
komentarebi konkretuli unda iyos – nu ityviT mxolod, rom ̀ kargia~,
ganumarteT, ratom aris kargi, ra TvalsazrisiT. komentarebi aseve
unda iyos konstruqciuli, wamaxalisebeli, gulaxdili, xelSemwyobi,
rac SeiZleba xSirad unda keTdebodes da arsebiTi xasiaTi unda
hqondes. konstruqciuli komentarebi students unda miuTiTebdes:
• Sefasebuli samuSaos romeli aspeqtebia kargi da ratom;
• Sefasebuli samuSaos romeli aspeqtebia naklebad kargi da ratom;
• rogor SeiZleba, rom studentma gaaumjobesos es konkretuli
samuSao;
• rogor SeiZleba, rom studentma ukeT imuSaos momavalSi.
komentarebis meti qmediToba
komentarebma SeiZleba didi dro waiRos, magram arsebobs maTi
qmediTobis gazrdis gzebi.
• gaiTvaliswineT im komentarebis xasiaTi, romlebic studentebs
TiToeuli samuSaos koncefciebis gasagebad da unar-Cvevebis
gansaviTareblad sWirdeba. ramdenad detaluri unda iyos
komentarebi? individualuri unda iyos Tu jgufuri? zepiri
formiT unda iyos Tu werilobiTi?
• gamoiyeneT uordis failSi dokumentis Sesworebis da redaqtirebis
funqcia, raTa ufro swrafad uzrunvelyoT studentebi
komentarebiTa da SeniSvnebiT maT eseebsa da reportaJebze.
• gamoiyeneT an SeqmeniT komentirebis standartuli formebi.
• CawereT audiofirze komentarebi studentebisTvis.
• moifiqreT ufro detaluri xerxebi imis gamosavlenad, Tu ra
logika udevs namuSevars, ra aris is koncefciebi da principebi,
romlebic SeiZleba arasworad iqnes gagebuli da winaswar
daadgineT, studentebis ra Secdomebi SeiZleba mohyves maT aseTi
gaugebrobis Sedegad.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 31
modulis struqtura
modulis struqtura
`bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze
dafuZnebuli midgoma~ ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: pirveli nawilia `bavSis
uflebebis gacnoba~, xolo meore _ `bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli
Jurnalisturi praqtika~. pirvel nawilSi mocemulia mTavari
saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebic studentebs koncefciis Sefasebis
da gagebis saSualebas aZlevs. meore nawilSi es principebi praqtikul
magaliTebsa da profesiul konteqstSi gamoiyeneba. studentebma
moduli srulad unda gaiaron, Tumca organizaciuli miznebisaTvis
SesaZlebelia TiToeuli nawilis damoukideblad swavleba.
miznebi da amocanebi
am modulis mizania, rom staJiorma Jurnalistebma an Jurnalistikis
fakultetis studentma gaigon bavSvis uflebebi ise, rogorc isini
gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli da ganiviTaron
axali ambebis pasuxismgeblobiT gaSuqebis unari, romelic gulisxmobs
bavSvis uflebebis dacvas da pativiscemas yvela im sakiTxSi, romlebic
mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas da gaSuqebas exeba.
swavlis Sedegebi
am modulis dasrulebis Semdeg students SeeZleba:
1. gaigos da gansazRvros bavSvis uflebaTa ZiriTadi aspeqtebi ise,
rogorc es gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli;
2. waikiTxos, gaaanalizos da kritikulad Seafasos bavSvebTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqeba uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT;
3. kritikulad Seafasos, Tu ramdenad Sesaferisi da mniSvnelovania
saredaqcio principebi da qcevis kodeqsebi bavSvebis Sesaxeb
axali ambebis gavrcelebis praqtikasTan mimarTebiT;
32
4. profesiulad Seafasos Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvis
uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT;
5. gaaSuqos samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvis uflebebis
principebTan Sesabamisad.
modulis struqtura – sakontaqto saaTebi da individualuri
mecadineoba
moduli warmoadgens erT 10 ECTS-ian (kreditebis gadatanis da
dagrovebis evropuli sistema) moduls da mTlianobaSi iTvaliswinebs
200-saaTian individualur mecadineobas studentis mxridan.
SesaZlebelia TiToeuli nawilis, rogorc ori 5 ECTS-iani nawilis,
damoukideblad gavla.
modulisTvis rekomendebuli sakontaqto saaTebi: 60 saaTi
damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis saWiro iqneba, savaraudod, 140 saaTi.
modulis swavlisTvis saWiro saaTebi: 200 saaTi
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 33
calkeul TavebTan dakavSirebuli SeniSvnebi maswavleblebisaTvis
nawili 1: bavSvis uflebaTa gacnoba
1. adamianis uflebaTa cnebis warmodgena
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi sakiTxebia:
ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi?
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia
adamianis uflebaTa dacva
rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: imsjeleT adamianis uflebaTa
koncefciaze Tanamedroveobidan SerCeuli Temis konteqstSi.
am davalebis mizania studentebsa da leqtors Soris diskusiis dawyeba
zogadad adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. Temis SerCeva SeuZlia leqtors an
Tavad studentebs. zogadi Tema diskusiis dasawyebadaa saWiro, Semdeg
ki mecadineobaze imsjeleT zogierT im sakiTxze, romlebsac es nawili
moicavs, magaliTad, uflebebis ganuyofeli da urTierTdamokidebuli
bunebis koncefciasa da arsze. kerZod, diskusiaSi SeiZleba ganxilul
iqnes adamianis uflebebis gavlenis da Jurnalisturi praqtikisTvis
maTi mniSvnelobis sakiTxi.
2. bavSvis uflebebi
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
ratom aris aucilebeli bavSvis uflebebis gamoyofa?
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia;
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti.
rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa
komitetisaTvis Tqveni qveynis mier wardgenili erovnuli
angariSebi, komitetis mier am angariSebis ganxilva, msjeloba bavSvis
34
uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcielebaze Tqvens qveyanaSi, arsebuli
monitoringis meqanizmebisa da maTi gavlenis Sesaxeb.
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificirebis Semdeg TiToeul
qveyanas moeTxoveba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetisaTvis
erovnuli angariSis regularulad wardgena. aseT angariSs xSirad
Tan axlavs arasamTavrobo seqtoris mier momzadebuli alternatiuli
(e.w. `Crdilovani~) angariSi. studentebisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba am
angariSebis ganxilva da naxva, Tu romel sakiTxebs miiCnevs mTavroba
seriozul sakiTxebad da rogor aris es sakiTxebi asaxuli arasamTavrobo
seqtoris angariSSi. garda amisa, bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti amzadebs
daskvniT mosazrebebs qveynis angariSze, sadac mocemulia arsebuli
mdgomareobis gasaumjobesebeli qmedebebi. rogorc erovnuli
angariSebi, aseve komitetis daskvniTi mosazrebebi SeiZleba Zalze
sasargeblo aRmoCndes imisaTvis, rom studentebma zustad gaigon, ras
niSnavs bavSvis uflebebi. studentebs SeiZleba sTxovoT, gaixsenon
sakuTari bavSvobis gamocdileba da imsjelon, ra gavlena SeiZleba
moexdina amas maT Sexedulebebze bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb.
3. bavSvis uflebebi da media
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze;
bavSvebis gaSuqeba mediaSi;
bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi.
rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: SearCieT mediaSi arsebuli masala,
romelic bavSvebs exeba, da ganixileT igi bavSvis uflebebis
konteqstSi.
am Tavis mizania, daafiqros studentebi bavSvTa uflebebis zegavlenaze,
aseve imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba isini `gamovlindes~ realobaSi.
diskusiis dros wamoWril sakiTxebze msjelobisas kargi iqneba, Tu
ganixilavT sazogadoebaSi arsebul balanss bavSvebis, mSoblebisa
da zrdasruli adamianebis uflebebs Soris. diskusiis gagrZeleba
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 35
SeiZleba imis ganxilviT, Tu rogor xdeba bavSvebis monawileobis
gazrda iseT sferoebSi, romlebic maT exeba. aseTi sferoebi SeiZleba
iyos ganaTleba, mzrunveloba dRis ganmavlobaSi, TamaSi da dasveneba.
kvlevam aCvena, rom ufrosebi bavSvebs xSirad ubralod formalurad
aZleven SesaZleblobas, gaazrebulad miiRon monawileoba da
gaiTvaliswinon am monawileobis Sedegi da ara realurad. saukeTeso
praqtikidan ramdenime magaliTis ganxilviT studentebi SeZleben,
gaiRrmavon warmodgena bavSvebis Sesaxeb politikis, praqtikisa da
kvlevisadmi uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgomis Sesaxeb.
4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
adamianis uflebebis dacva;
bavSvTa uflebebis mxardaWera;
problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT;
rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: daadgineT
Tqvens qveyanaSi moqmedi bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli jgufebi.
emyarebian Tu ara es jgufebi uflebebs? iTvaliswineben Tu ara
bavSvebis mosazrebebs TavianT saqmianobaSi?
dRemde Catarebuli diskusiebidan da mecadineobebidan gamomdinare,
programis am etapisaTvis studentebs ukve sakmaod naTeli warmodgena
unda hqondeT imis Taobaze, Tu ras niSnavs an SeiZleba realurad
niSnavdes `uflebebze dafuZnebuli~ midgoma. uflebebis damcveli
saagentoebis [erovnuli da saerTaSoriso] da bavSvebze pasuxismgebeli
samTavrobo departamentebis mimoxilvisas sasargeblo iqneba uflebebis
enasa da uflebebis ritorikaze msjeloba. studentebs am etapze unda
SeeZloT TavianT qveyanaSi uflebebis realizebaSi arsebuli barierebis
(Tu aseTebi arsebobs) ganixilva.
36
5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli
pasuxismgebloba
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
mediaSi bavSvebis asaxva;
mediis mier stereotipebis Seqmna;
bavSvis uflebaTa darRveva;
bavSvis dacva.
rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: mimoixileT
bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis (CRIN) eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo
principebi da gansazRvreT ramdenime ZiriTadi principis mniSvneloba
Tqveni praqtikisaTvis. rogor SeiZleba _ Tuki saerTod es SesaZlebelia
_ gavlena moaxdinos am principebma arsebul praqtikaze?
es moduli exeba bavSvebis uflebebis dacvas Jurnalistur praqtikaSi.
mTavari gamowveva aq studentebis azrovnebis fokusis gadatanaa bavSvTa
dacvis sakiTxidan bavSvis _ rogorc aqtiuri moqalaqis _ da misi
uflebebis dacvis sakiTxze. es Tavi exmareba studentebs, Tavi daaRwion
bavSvebisadmi zedapirul midgomas, damkvidrebul stereotipebs –
kargi/cudi; angelozebi/eSmakebi da a.S. – da ganixilon stereotipebis
Camoyalibebis rogorc umniSvnelo, ise seriozuli formebi da is
riskebi, romlebsac isini Seicavs da romlebiTac ilaxeba bavSvis
uflebebi.
6. informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso praqtika bavSvebis TvalsazrisiT
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
`msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~;
erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi bavSvebisaTvis;
bavSvebis monawileoba;
saukeTeso praqtikis principebi;
bavSvTa Tvalsazrisis gageba: magaliTebi.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 37
rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: ganixileT
Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis
statusi da bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileoba mis SemuSavebaSi.
zogi qveyana sxva qveynebze ufro qmediTia bavSvTa uflebebis realizebasa
da aRniSnul procesSi bavSvebis CarTvaSi. am davalebis mizania, daafiqros
studentebi, Tu ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv maT qveyanaSi. saerTod, modulis
am Tavis mizania, daafiqros studentebi imaze, Tu rogor imuSaon
bavSvebTan da bavSvebis sakeTildReod saerTaSoriso CarCos farglebSi
da uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgomis gamoyenebiT.
modulis am nawilis mizania, xeli Seuwyos studentebs Soris kritikuli
diskusiis dawyebas imaze, Tu ras niSnavs uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma
da rogor imoqmedebs es Jurnalistur praqtikaze. mosalodnelia
uTanxmoeba da debatebi, rac gaamdidrebs studentebis ganaTlebis
process da xels Seuwyobs am rTuli sferosadmi gaazrebuli midgomis
Camoyalibebas.
nawili 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika
1. qcevis kodeqsebi da saxelmZRvanelo saredaqcio principebi
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
ra saWiroa qcevis kodeqsebi?
kodeqsebi detaluri da normatiuli unda iyos Tu zogad
principebs unda moicavdes?
qcevis kodeqsebi da movaleobebi;
qcevis kodeqsebi da presis Tavisufleba;
pasuxismgeblobis da Tavisuflebis Sedareba.
SeniSvna maswavleblebisaTvis: sTxoveT studentebs, imsjelon imaze, Tu
ras unda moicavdes qcevis kargi kodeqsi da ra faseulobebi unda iyos
masSi xazgasmuli. CamowereT sia dafaze da Semdeg SeadareT saklaso
diskusiis Sedegad miRebuli es sia realur kodeqsebs.
38
Zalze mniSvnelovania, studentebs mieceT dro, rom SeTavazebuli
masala kritikulad ganixilon. yovelTvis aucilebelia kodeqsis
Sesruleba? kodeqsebi saxelmZRvanelo principebs warmoadgens Tu
regulirebas?
2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens es strategiebi da
ra Sexeba aqvs JurnalistebTan?
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba;
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis ganxorcieleba;
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba.
am TavSi ganxilulia, Tu ramdenad icaven Tavad Jurnalistebi bavSvTa
uflebebs profesiuli saqmianobisas da ramdenad gamoavlenen isini im
organizaciebs, romlebic arRveven bavSvTa uflebebs. aRniSnuli Tavi
efuZneba wina leqcias eTikis kodeqsebis Sesaxeb. bolo wlebis erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo aSS-Si, avstraliasa da irlandiaSi
kaTolikuri eklesiis mRvdlebis mier bavSvTa eqspluataciis faqtebis
gaSuqeba mediaSi. studentebma unda ganixilon, bavSvTa dacvis ra
strategiebi arsebobs maT qveynebSi arsebul sxvadasxva organizaciaSi.
maT SeuZliaT aseve imsjelon bavSvTa dacvis im axali zomebis Sesaxeb,
romlebic kaTolikurma eklesiam SemoiRo bavSvTa eqspluataciis
gaxmaurebuli istoriis Semdeg.
studentebma SeiZleba interviuebi aiRon Jurnalistebisagan, raTa
gaarkvion, ramdenad informirebulebi arian isini bavSvTa dacvis
strategiebisa Tu regulirebis Sesaxeb.
sasurvelia, studentebi bavSvTa dacvis sferoSi moRvawe adgilobriv
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs gaesaubron mediaSi bavSvebis gaSuqebis
sakiTxebze. aseTi saubrebis Sedegad SeiZleba momzaddes reportaJebi
an statiebi, romlebsac mTel klass gaacnoben.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 39
3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens isini da ra Sexeba
aqvs JurnalistebTan?
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba;
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis ganxorcieleba;
bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba.
es SeiZleba studentebisaTvis Zalze rTuli sfero aRmoCndes. xSirad
sazogadoebis damokidebuleba iseTi bavSvebis mimarT, romlebic
seriozul danaSauls sCadian, Zalze mkacria. zogjer aseTi bavSvebis
identificireba, danaSaulis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, iseT qveynebSic
ki xdeba, sadac sasamarTlo procesSi monawile bavSvebis anonimuroba
Cveulebriv daculia.
umniSvnelovanesia, rom yvela studentma icodes sakuTar qveyanaSi
arsebuli iuridiuli moTxovnebi im bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic
monawileoben sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi an Sexeba aqvT sasamarTlo
sistemasa da policiasTan.
nebismieri Jurnalisti, romelsac surs bavSvTa sakiTxebsa da bavSvTa
uflebebis dacvis sferoSi specializeba, unda icnobdes bavSvebTan
dakavSirebul yvela kanons.
4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
ra aris wyaro;
SeiZleba Tu ara, rom bavSvi iyos wyaro?
JurnalistisTvis wyaroebis mniSvneloba;
anonimuri wyaroebi;
saidan vigebT ambebs?
40
sTxoveT studentebs, SearCion siuJeti da CamouTvaleT gamosayenebeli
wyaroebi, aseve, auxseniT, Tu rogor unda daukavSirdnen maT, mieciT
telefonis nomrebi an eleqtronuli fostis misamarTebi. wyaroebTan
dakavSirebuli erT-erTi problema is aris, rom Jurnalistebi
eyrdnobian adamianebis Zalze mcirericxovan jgufs, romelic
ZiriTadad istebliSments warmoadgens; ubiZgeT maT, gansxvavebulad da
aratradiciulad miudgnen wyaroebis SerCevas.
es moduli unda moicavdes imasac, rac studentebma axali ambebis
faseulobebis Sesaxeb sxva modulebSi iswavles.
studentebma unda ivarjiSon statiebis weraSi da moifiqron, rogor
asaxon bavSvTa uflebebi sakuTar naSromebSi.
bavSvis uflebebis sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba ar niSnavs mxolod
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gaTvaliswinebas. udavoa, rom
es konvencia Jurnalists iseTi sakiTxebis speqtrs sTavazobs,
romlebzec igi siuJetebs moiZiebs. igi aseve saSualebas aZlevs
Jurnalistebs, konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitoringi awarmoon,
magaliTad, gamoiZion, Tu rogor asrulebs xelisufleba konvenciiT
gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebebs.
leqtorebma SeiZleba miscen studentebs gamogonili ambebis monaxazebi
mokle Canaweris saxiT da daakvirdnen, SeZleben Tu ara studentebi
statiebis ise daweras, rom mkiTxveli daaintereson.
saswavlo masalaSi CamoTvlilia informaciis wyaroebi da organizaciebi.
studentebma unda scadon aseTi siis Sedgena TavianTi qveynisTvis.
sasargeblo iqneba, rom klasma Seadginos im organizaciebisa da
individebis monacemTa baza, romlebic sasargeblo wyaroebad
gamodgeboda nebismier qveyanaSi. aseTi sia SeiZleba miewodos TiToeul
students da amiT gaumjobesdes maTi, rogorc moqmedi Jurnalistebis,
profesionalizmi.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 41
5. bavSvebisgan intervius aReba
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
rogor unda aiRoT interviu bavSvebisagan?
bavSvisgan intervius aReba mxolod bavSvze pasuxismgebeli
zrdasruli adamianis daswrebiT SeiZleba?
rodis SeiZleba bavSvisgan intervius aReba mSoblis an meurvis
dauswreblad?
saWiroebs Tu ara bavSvisgan intervius aReba im unar-Cvevebisgan
gansxvavebul unarebs, romlebic zrdasrulisgan intervius
aRebas sWirdeba?
sTxoveT adgilobriv Jurnalists da bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli
arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenels, monawileoba miiRon
mecadineobaSi. orives sTxoveT, isaubron bavSvebze, rogorc
wyaroebze, bavSvebisgan intervius aRebasa da Tanxmobis miRebaze.
am mecadineobaze SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos JurnalistikaSi
sazogadoebrivi interesis mniSvnelobis ganxilva da Sedareba im
arasamTavrobo organizaciis funqciasTan, romelic mxolod bavSvis
interesebs emsaxureba.
klasma unda imsjelos imaze, rom SeiZleba bavSvebs Tavad hqondeT
istoriebi da gamoyenebulni iyvnen wyaroebad.
wamoiwyeT klasSi diskusia bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis saxelmZRvanelo
principebze da imsjeleT, es principebi Jurnalistebs exmareba Tu
xels uSlis. aris Tu ara iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac Jurnalisti
iZulebulia, imuSaos am principebis darRveviT?
es SesaZleblobas iZleva, gaimarTos msjeloba iseT mniSvnelovan
sakiTxebze, rogorebicaa gamoqveynebisTvis gankuTvnili informacia da
informacia, romlis gamomzeurebac wyaros ar surs, anonimuri wyaroebis
gamoyeneba da informaciis mopoveba, rac wina modulebSi unda yofiliyo
ganxiluli.
42
6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
jariskaci bavSvebis istoriebi;
konteqsti, omi, samoqalaqo areuloba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
kolafsi;
jariskaci bavSvebis Temis sensaciuroba;
unar-Cvevebis sxva ambebTan mimarTebiT gamoyeneba.
es aris erT-erTi mTavari da aqtualuri Tema, romelic warmoaCens
im problemebs, romlebsac Jurnalistebi awydebian bavSvebTan
dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas. SeiZleba
sasargeblo aRmoCndes diskusiis arealis gafarToeba da sxva
ambebis, gansakuTrebiT, mocemul qveyenaSi aqtualuri iseTi ambebis,
rogorebicaa bavSvebi seqs-industriaSi, bavSvebis trefikingi an
nebismieri sxva, ganxilva. aseve SeiZleba mosTxovoT studentebs,
daasaxelon wyaroebi, romelTa gamoyenebac SeiZleba erT-erTi aseTi
ambis gaSuqebisas.
aq ori sakiTxi dgas: rogor SevinarCunoT interesi mimdinare Temisadmi;
rogor gavaSuqoT ambavi sensaciurobis gareSe da bavSvis keTildReobis
dacviT.
7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli media
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
bavSvebisaTvis mediis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa;
rogor uzrunvelvyoT bavSvis ufleba, gamoTqvas sakuTari
mosazreba mediaSi;
sabavSvo media.
sTxoveT studentebs, moiZion sabavSvo mediasTan dakavSirebuli ambavi
da daweron masze statia. Tu studentebs xeli miuwvdebaT internetze,
SeuZliaT moZebnon romelime sabavSvo radiosadguri msoflioSi.
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 43
aiReT interviu bavSvebisagan raime mniSvnelovan axal ambavze, raTa
naxoT, gansxvavebuli xedva xom ara aqvT maT da rogoria es xedva.
8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT
am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:
bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis gaSuqebis saukeTeso praqtika;
sabavSvo mediis monitoringi da Sefaseba: presa, radio, televizia.
44
bibliografia
• ARRC (1995) The Human Rights Pack. ARRC.
• DIT (2008) Enhancing Student Learning through Assessment. Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT)
• O‘Neill, G. and McMahon, T. (2005) Student-centred Learning: What does it mean for Students and Lecturers?, in G. O‘Neill, S. Moore and B. McMullin (eds.)
• Emerging Issues in the Practice of University Learning and Teaching, Dubin: All Ireland Society for Higher Education (AISHE)
• UCISA-TLIG (2004) VLEs and Blended Learning, A discussion paper based on TLIG meetings held during 2004, UCISA.
• • UNESCO (2005) Revised draft plan of
action for the fi rst phase (2005-2007) of the World Programme for Human Rights Education. UNESCO, 2005
• Yeban, Felice (2002) Building a Culture of Human Rights: Challenge to Human Rights Education in 21st Century, ARRC.
• Yeban, Felice (1999) The Children‘s Rights Training Package, UNICEF HANOI.
• bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqeba
mediaSi – saxelmZRvanelo
studentebisa da
pedagogebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa
fondi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti, 2008 weli
• Jan-klod bertrani, mediaeTika da
angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi,
qarTuli gamocema 2004 weli
• bil kovaCi, Jurnalistikis
elementebi
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