chile mechanization in new mexico chile is historically a labor-intensive crop labor represents...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chile Mechanization in New Mexico
• Chile is historically a labor-intensive crop
• Labor represents greater than 50% of total production costs in hand-harvested system-In mechanized fields, drops to approx. 11% of production costs
• Mechanization is one of the key methods to level the economic playing field
Cooperative Extension Service
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Chile Mechanization in New Mexico• 1965: First recorded mechanical harvest of chile by
Ernest Riggs• 1971: First patent of helix picking head for chile to
Wondel Creager
Cooperative Extension Service
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Chile Mechanization in New Mexico
• Official New Mexico state question:
“Red or Green?”
• Two different industries; two different approaches to harvest
Cooperative Extension Service
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Red Chile in New Mexico
• Currently, almost all domestic red chile for commercial production is mechanically harvested
• Machines with inclined, double helix picking heads are the most common
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Red Chile in New Mexico
• Red chile has an extended harvest season – from succulent to very dry
• Greatest challenge to mechanization is removal of extraneous plant material - increases as the plants dry
Cooperative Extension Service
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Red Chile Breeding for Mechanization
• Efforts on-going to develop red chile cultivars with high pigment, superior drying, and low heat, but also -
• Upright plant habit
• Fruit set off of the ground
• Mid-level fruit attachment
• Early maturity
Cooperative Extension Service
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Green Chile is currently 100% hand-harvested
Photo courtesy of P. Funk
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Green Chile - Current Challenges to Mechanical Harvest• Fruit are not uniform & don’t ‘roll’ making
them difficult to orient
• Fruit are easily damaged when mechanically harvested
• Destemming is important, but mechanically difficult
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Breeding Goals for NM-type Green Chile Mechanized System• Determinate fruit set• Upright habit; fruit off ground• Fruit resistance to breakage• Strong, single stem
• Fruit borne on outside of the canopy
For Mechanical Destemming:• Consistent 2-locule, ‘flat’ fruit• Easy destemming
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Progress in 2014
• One row, tractor powered Etgar Harvester procured
• Three observational trials conducted
Cooperative Extension Service
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Los Lunas Agricultural Science Center
• Transplanted ‘Sandia’ and breeding lines• Furrow irrigation, 30” rows• Issues with plant lodging; harvester not fitted to row
spacing• 10.6% breakage in ‘Sandia
Cooperative Extension Service
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Deming, NM
• Raymond Viramontes’ field, drip irrigation
• Direct-seeded ‘Machete’ (Curry Chile & Seed Co.)
• Harvester not sized to plants – Plants were uprooted
• Challenge: Leaf removal!
Cooperative Extension Service
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Leyendecker Plant Science Research Center
• ‘NM 6-4’; direct seeded, furrow irrigation
• Minimal fruit breakage
Cooperative Extension Service