chilo: using an e-textbook to create an ad-hoc m- learning environment

CHiLO: Using an e-textbook to create

an ad-hoc m- learning environment Masumi Hori(CCC-TIES), Seishi Ono(CCC-TIES),

Shinzo Kobayashi(Smile NC),　 Kazutsuna Yamaji(NII),

Toshihiro Kita(Kumamoto University), and Tsuneo Yamada (OUJ)

Frontiers in Education 2015

Copyright © 2015 CCC-TIES All rights reserved. 2

Outline• Challenges in Large Scale Online Course– The geographical digital divide– General disadvantage of mobile device– Potentials of e-book and ad-hoc network

• Proposed system: CHiLO

• CHiLO pilot study

• Conclusion and future work


Few enrollment from developing countries

UNESCO Institute for Statistic; http://www.uis.unesco.org/Pages/default.aspx

Developedcountries18,324,287,6%

Developingcountries309,378,871, 94%

Population of the school age

for post-secondary education

Developedcountries2,530,555,85%

Developingcountries443,294, 15%

Worldwide enrollment data for HarvardX courses

HarvardX Insights; http://harvardx.harvard.edu/insights/splash

Digital Divide by region


PC penetration demographics (2012)

Report: Changing PC sector, market share, emerging markets, forecast considerations

(https://www.ventureoutsource.com/contract-manufacturing/product-market-segments/pc-computing/

report-changing-pc-sector-market-share-emerging-markets-forecast-com)

Internet user demographics (2014)


Mobile Penetration in Developing Country

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database

Active mobile-broadband subscriptions


Mobile Device– Small screen– No keyboards

– Network speed and its reliability

– Application dependent content formats

E-Book– Simple operation like

traditional books• Flipping pages, Per-page

design, …– No need for Internet

connection while reading

– Device independent standard format• EPUB3

Disadvantages of Mobile Devices

Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2007). Mobile usability in educational contexts: what have we learnt?. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 8(2).

Corbeil, J., Valdes-Corbeil, M. (2007). Are you ready for mobile learning?. Educause Quarterly, 30(2), 51.

Solution!


Potentials of E-book and Ad-hoc Network

• The EPUB3– Packaging media-rich and interactive learning

resources in a single-file format Videos, images, HTML5, JavaScript, JSON and other resources

Sharing e-Books between mobile devices using mobile ad-hoc network (MANET)

Ad-hoc network

Should be Incorporated!

Should be Incorporated!

Copyright © 2015 CCC-TIES All rights reserved. 8Integrated Authentication Framework OAuth, SAML

Proposed Systems

MoodleCHiLO Badge (Mozilla Open Badges)

Assessment & Badges

FacebookTwitter

Google+

CHiLO CommunitySNS and/or LMS Forum

CHiLO Book CHiLO Lecture

One-minute nano lecture video clips CHiLO Producer

Creative Higher Educationwith Learning Object: CHiLO

CHiLO Book Reader

Ad-hocnetwork

The target of a pilot study

Copyright © 2015 CCC-TIES All rights reserved.

How a CHiLO Book Looks Like

9

Explanation usingtext and videos Tests and reportsIssuing

completion badges

iBooks reader, Google play booksand Readium


Contents– NIHONGO

STARTER A1in English

– All 10 Volumes

Terms

Distribution Channels– E-Book (EPUB3)

• OUJ-MOOC• iBooks Store• Google books

– Web (HTML5)• OUJ-MOOC

Learning Community– Facebook

Group

Feasibility Study

Start TermTerm 1 4/14/2014 35 days

Term 2 6/ 2/2014 35 days

Term 3 8/ 4/2014 73 days

Term 4 11/ 3/2014 49 days

Term 5 1/13/2015 70 days


Number of Downloads

11Downloaded from 103 countries

Distribution Channel Format Number of

DownloadsOUJ-MOOC HTML5 4,911

EPUB3 5,132iBooks Store EPUB3 3,715Google Play books EPUB3 8,370

Total 22,128

HTML5: 20.3±15.2% EPUB3: 79.7±15.2%

→


Downloads from UN Developing Countries

Developedcountries11,756,53%

Developingcountries10,372, 47%

Developing countries, 47% of downloads

Number of Downloads by countries


Different Types of the Devices Accessed to the Assessment Test

13

Tendencies: Web for PCs, E-Book for Mobile

From PCs: 68.7%

From mobile devices : 73%


Survey Results (1)

(n = 105)

Mainly EPUB3, sometimes HTML5 format; 12 ％

Both EPUB3 and HTML5 format at the same rate; 6%

Mainly HTML5, sometimes EPUB3 format; 16%

Did you use EPUB3 format or HTML5 format CHiLO Book?

34% Users Utilized Both Formats


Survey Results (2)

15

Why did you choose eBook version? Why did you choose Web version?


Conclusion• CHiLO Book has a potential of enhancing

learning opportunity • E-book style is affordable formats for mobile

devise. • Web style is still important in addition to E-

book style

• Likelihood of resolution– The e-book style is not as easy to use as the web

style


CHiLO Reader Local FileWeb browser

Web based epub reader

Future work: Developing CHiLO Reader

Android mobile device

CHiLOReader

PAN

WebServer


http://www.cccties.org/en/activities/chilo/