CHIMBORAZO'S PARTICIPATORY BUDGET

(PB-Ch):an advance in the inclusion of the indigenous people and the

building of interculturality

ECUADOR-LATIN AMERICA

CONSEJO PROVINCIAL DE CHIMBORAZOCOMUNIDEC

1. INDIANS IN ECUADOR:

ARE THE ORIGINAL INHABITANTS WHO WERE INVADED AND COLONIZED BY SPAIN

UNDER THE COLONIAL RACIALIZATION POLICY, THE INDIANS WERE CONSIDERED INFERIOR AND TRIBUTARY AND WERE EXCLUDED.

WITH INDEPENDENCE IN 1830, IN THE REPUBLIC THE INDIANS CONTINUED TO BE EXCLUDED FORM THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

THE POLITICS OF INCLUSION PROPOSED THEIR INTEGRATION IN EXCHANGE FOR THE LOSS OF THEIR IDENTITIES (Mestization)

2. THE POLITICAL CULTURE:

CONSECRATED AND LEGITIMIZED THE EXCLUSION OF THE INDIANS OR THEIR SUBORDINATED INTEGRATION AS CLIENTS.

IN THE SUBNATIONAL SPACES (Municipalities and Provinces) THE POLITICAL PARTIES CAPTURED INDIGENOUS VOTES THROUGH SUBSIDIARY NETWORKS THAT EXCHANGED SMALL FAVORS FOR POLITICAL LOYALTY.

CHIMBORAZO IS AMONG THE PROVINCES WITH THE GREATEST NUMBER OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, PARTICULARLY IN RURAL AREAS, WHERE THIS POLITICAL CULTURE OPERATED

INDIANS RECEIVED INEQUITABLE TREATMENT WITH RESPECT TO GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT: all the economic and social indicators show an enormous gap between the countryside and the city

WHAT IS CHIMBORAZO?

DISTRIBUCION DE LA POBLACION POR SECTOR

Sector Urbano; 155.598

Sector Rural; 247.764

CUADRO COMPARATIVO DE ÍNDICES DE POBREZA URBANO / RURAL

Nacional Sierra ChimborazoPobreza por NBI*

45,8 32,4 27,8

Pobreza por consumo**

53,1 52,9 73,7

Pobreza por NBI*

85,6 80,2 92,7

Pobreza por consumo**

80,6 81,8 90

Sector Rural

Sector Urbano

INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF CHIMBORAZO

CantónNúmero de

comunidades* PoblaciónPorcentaje de la

poblaciónRiobamba 166 47 082 24,35%

Alausí 69 23 236 54,26%Colta 155 38 204 85,46%Chunchi 15 871 7%

Guamote 112 32 632 93%Guano 19 5 215 13,76%Pallatanga 9 2 955 27,36%Chambo 9 2503 23,74%Penipe 105 1,61%Cumandá 562 6%TOTAL 554 153 365Fuente: Censo, 2001.

* Ramón, Galo, El Mapa de Territorios Étnicos del Ecuador, 1996.

CANTON 2004RIOBAMBA 48,15%ALAUSI 4,60%CHAMBO 2,23%CHUNCHI 1,74%COLTA 7,50%CUMANDA 3,86%GUAMOTE 5,85%GUANO 8,69%PALLATANGA 15,16%PENIPE 2,22%

INEQUALITY IN PUBLIC BUGETING

3. A NEW ENVIRONMENT:

THE STATE POLICY OF STATE INTEGRATION HAD BEEN QUESTIONED BY THE INDIANS SINCE 1930. BEGINNING IN 1970, WITH THE AGRARIAN REFORM, THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WERE ABLE TO REINVENT THEIR COMMUNITY STRUCTURES: there was a significant ethnic revitalization.

TODAY INTERETHNIC RELATIONS ARE BEING TRANSFORMED.

SEVERAL CHANGES OCCURRED: (i) it is accepted that Ecuador is a diverse country; (ii) the perception of indians has changed; (iii) in 1998, the collective rights of indians were recognized in the Constitution; (iv) in certain provinces and municipalities indians have been elected to head sectional governments; and (v) interethnic relations have improved

4. THE PARTICIPATORY BUDGET AND STRIVING FOR AN INCLUSIVE DEMOCRACY

SEEKS TO BUILD A PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY, EQUITABLE TO RURAL AREAS AND THE INDIANS; A COMBINATION OF THE ANDEAN COMMUNITY DEMOCRACY AND THE ALTERNATIVE LATIN AMERICAN DEMOCRACY; MORE EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT AND A NEW SOCIAL CONTRACT OF INTERCULTURALITY

5. THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PPCH:

• In 2005, for the first time in history, the indian movement reached the Prefecture.• In 2006, the PB-CH methodology became participatory, including cumulative experiences• The actors were informed and their capacities built according to their role in the PB-CH• The methodology was institutionalized by regulation to institutionalize as government policy• It was applied in 2007 and now in 2008• It is applied through a cycle that defines steps, timeframes and actions. • A Citizen's Oversight Body operates to evaluate the entire process.

¿HOW IS THE ANNUAL CYCLE OF PB-CH ORGANIZED?

PLANNING

PROGRAMING FORMULACIÓN APPROVAL EXECUTION CLOSING

LIQUIDATIONAnnual operative planning of the budget

Presentation on a commission of Finances.Approval in two sessions.Sanction of the Governor

By Departments, programs, projects.Civil control toworks andinversions

Information Sending of budgetary spending to the Contraloría.Cycle

Allocation of the budget

Surrender of accountsGovenrnental focusBudgetary Mandate

MEASUREMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT AND IMPACTS

CONTROL OF INCORPORATION OF MANDATE

Civil Control and social evaluation

January Februery March June July August Septiember November 1 January to December 31 December 31 January to marchApril and May the next year

Influidas por Asamblea Provincial y Equipo Técnico Mixto Direcciones del Gobierno ProvincialConsejeros involucrados

EVENTEVENT NNºº OF OF WORKSHOPSWORKSHOPS

NNºº OF OF PARTICIPANTSPARTICIPANTS

PARROQUIALPARROQUIAL 5959 3.3703.370

CANTONALCANTONAL 1010 2.4182.418

PROVINCIALPROVINCIAL 11 400400

ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY --DELIVERY OF DELIVERY OF MANDATEMANDATE

11 300300

TOTALTOTAL 197197 6.4886.488

6. EVALUATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS:

• THE PERCENTAGES OF INVESTMENT AMONG CANTONS CHANGED; AND AMONG URBAN AND RURAL AREAS• INVESTMENT CHANGED, PROMOTING SOCIAL, PRODUCTIVE AND ENVIRONMENT INVESTMENT.• THE OLD POLITICAL CULTURE BEGAN TO CHANGE: (i) citizens at roundtables defined investment; (ii) patronage was eliminated; (iii) a compromise between a strategic and a participatory plan was sought; (iv) egalitarian participation ofindians and mestizos was achieved; (v) women, children, adolescents, the elderly and the handicapped were included.• CHANGES IN THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE INSTITUTIONALITY WERE INITIATED TO ACHIEVE GREATER EFFICIENCY, RENDERING OF ACCOUNTS AND ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS.

CANTON 2004 2007

RIOBAMBA 48,15% 19,74%

ALAUSI 4,60% 14,34%

CHAMBO 2,23% 5,82%

CHUNCHI 1,74% 6,86%

COLTA 7,50% 12,22%

CUMANDA 3,86% 5,68%

GUAMOTE 5,85% 12,22%

GUANO 8,69% 9,96%

PALLATANGA 15,16% 6,55%

PENIPE 2,22% 6,60%

7. LESSONS OF THE PROCESS:

• A serious, systematic, firm effort achieves credibility among the citizenry.• By recovering community democracy and combining it with alternative proposals, the PB-CH achieved considerable participation among indigenous people and mestizos• Effort to seek a compromise between Strategic and Participatory Planning improved governance and interinstitutional coordination • Organized action formulated as a citizen's mandate improved rural-urbana and cantonal equity• The creation of spaces for intercultural encounters improved interethnic relations.• Citizen's mandate, Oversight and Methodology incented improved efficiency of the institutional apparatus

8. CHALLENGES

• ARTICULATE ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCES IN THE PROVINCE• CONSOLIDATE THE INDEPENDENT AND AUTONOMOUS OVERSIGHT OF CIVIL SOCIETY• CLARIFY THE ROLES OF MUNICIPAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERMENTS (Legal Framework)• INCIDENCE AT NATIONAL LEVEL ON THE NEW PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING SYSTEM (Policy)