chimpanzees power point

8/2/2019 Chimpanzees Power Point

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ChimpanzeesSpeciesPan troglodytes

Scientific name

Sokwe MtuSwahili name

Gary Bisignano

Rebecca Mendez

Jessica Rayhel

Elice Terry

Mia Soueid

Jackie Henriquez


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Sensory systems & Specializations


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Communication


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While humans and primates share 99.9% of their genetic make-up, the one, most

important, difference amongst the two species is the ability to communicate in a

defined language. Even though chimps are not able to speak human language, they

still have found a way to communicate things to one another.

Chimpanzees use verbal communication, such as alarm calls, mating calls, and

greeting vocalizations. So far, researchers have identified more than 30 different

calls, which can sometimes be heard up to 2 miles away.

Methods of Intraspecific

Communication in Chimpanzees


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Vocal calls

When chimps find food, they began to

make different types of grunts, barks

and pant hoots in order to let others

know the location of the food source. A

special intensity of excited calls of this

type indicates that there has been a

successful kill after a hunt.

When a monkey comes upon somethingparticularly unusual or potentially

dangerous, the chimp emits a savage-

sounding, WRAAAAAA to let the

others know of the danger. Each

individual has his or her own distinctivepant-hoot, so that the caller can be

identified with precision


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Postures and Body Gestures

Body contact is very important inmaintaining social harmony in achimpanzee community. Chimpanzeeswill often groom each other for hours.Grooming a way to maintain calmnessand tranquility, while preserving closerelationships.

Male chimpanzees proclaim theirdominance with spectacular chargingdisplays during which they slap theirhands, stamp with their feet, drag branchesas they run, or hurl rocks. In doing so, theymake themselves look as big and

dangerous as they possibly can and indeedmay eventually intimidate a higher-rankingindividual without having to fight.


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When greeting a dominantindividual after an absence or inresponse to an aggressive gesture,nervous subordinates may approachwith submissive signalscrouching, presenting the rump,hold the hand outaccompanied bypant-grunts or squeaks. In response,the dominant individual is likely tomake gestures of reassurance, suchas touching, kissing, or embracingthe subordinate.

If youve ever watched a monkey atthe zoo, when they are afraid,chimpanzees often begin to grin.This grin, however, is not a happygrin but is instead known as theGrin of Fear. The Grin of Fear isoften closely compared to a humansnervous smile when laughing at anawkward joke or feelinguncomfortable in a situation.


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Habitat Selection


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Tree and Ground dwellers

Chimps are usually found in tropical rainforest,

woodlands, swamp and grassland in western Africa.

http://www.africanadventureexpeditions.com/images/Semliki%20NWRChimps.jpg

http://www.pridegorillasafaris.com/chimpsa

fari_clip_image002.jpg

Chimps spend equal time intrees as they do on the

ground. However, sleep and

feeding are mostly done in the

canopy above.


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Jessicas

Videofrom

the

zoo


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Home Buildinghttp://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/4201/Previ

ewComp/SuperStock_4201-76975.jpgChimps will make a fresh sleeping

nest each evening before bed.

Theses nest are made of leaves and

other plant materials. The only time

a sleeping nest is shared is with a

mother and her nursing you.

Comfortable enough for a scientist!

http://i.livescience.com/images/i/19689/iFF/Stewart-chimp-nest.jpg?1315330213


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Home Range

Chimps live in one large areaknown as a home range. Mostranges will overlap with othergroups because the range is so large,

usually thousands of acres. Chimps live in family groups. The

numbers can be anywhere from 40or less to 200 or more.

There is a dominant male that runsthe group and will only put up withyoung males until 6 years of age.


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Migration? Whats that?!

Because Chimps are much like humansthey do not migrate nor do they hibernate.Only by choice or force (habitatdestruction) will the Chimpanzee migrate

to another location. They usually prefer tostay put in a general location.

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0503/5aea04bdb0744/5aea04ca18d4a.jpg


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Feeding Behavior


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What do Chimpanzees Eat?

Despite popular belief ofChimps being herbivores, itwas discovered in the 60sby Dr. Jane Goodall that

Chimps are actuallyomnivores.

Their diet is 98% plants,fruits, and seeds, and 2%meat and insects.

When chimps eat meat, theeat almost every part of theirprey, including the brain.


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The Hunt

Chimps may use thinsticks to fish termitesout of their mounds.

They also hunt and kill

large animals. Hunting is a group effort.

Some chimps block of allpossible escape routes

while the adolescentchimp captures the prey.


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Intraspecific & Antipredator Defenses


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Intraspecific Defenses

Function of aggression:

Gaining females by expanding territory

Rival extermination

Defending a feeding territory

When groups meet attacks occur only sometimes

Anyone can be attacked but females in heat

Will attack females with infants and cannibalize the infant

Lone individuals are at highest risk of attack


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Antipredator Defenses

DISPLAYING:

Defensive behavior in chimpanzees is

portrayed through energetic displays

Banging on objects, jumping, running and

piloerection (fur on the body sticks outto make the chimp look larger and more

intimidating)

VOCALIZING:

Vocalizing is used to call one

another

Screaming and shrieking is

used to frighten someone or

something in order to defenditself

HITTING:

Chimps use fists to punch their

enemy if the enemy is close enough

BITING:Using sharp canines, they will

successfully bite if threatened

WEAPON USE:Chimps have been observed

defending themselves with weapons:

throwing rocks and nuts, or swinging

large branches to keep the enemies

away


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Social Organization


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Parental Behavior The majority of parental care is the responsibility of the

mother.

From birth up until 1 year of age, infant Chimpanzees are

always with their mothers, and ride on their backs.

At 2 years of age, they begin to travel and sit independently

within 5 meters of their mothers. At 3 years of age, they

start to venture farther than 5 meters of their mothers. Between 4 and 6 years of age, infancy ends with weaning.

From ages 6 to 9, the Chimpanzees remain close to their

mothers but play independently and have greater social

interactions with other community members.

The offspring benefit from a close relationship with their

mothers in terms of food, warmth, protection, and the

opportunity to learn skills that could help them with

survival.


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Mating

For chimpanzees, mating occurs throughout the year.

There are a few types of mating behaviors that they show:

1) Polyandry, where a female mates with multiple males.

2) Restrictive mating, where a male restricts other males frommating with estrous females in the community.

3) Consortship mating, where an adult pair leave the community for

several days to weeks.

4) Extra Group mating, where females leave their communities and

mate with males from nearby communities.

By having multiple mating strategies, females can expand the pool of

males from which they choose while not losing the important

support of the males in their communities and it also maximizes the

chances of males' reproductive success.


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We encourage you to go see the movie

Chimpanzee, its out NOW!


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Our Resources

http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116

http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzees

http://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-com

http://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.html

http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behav

http://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoveries

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/apes/chimp/

http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engchimpanzee.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00U

http://www.google.com/images/chimpanzees
http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzeeshttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behavhttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/apes/chimp/http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engchimpanzee.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00Uhttp://www.google.com/images/chimpanzeeshttp://www.google.com/images/chimpanzeeshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTkdVp9S00Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5BjbI_IZ8http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engchimpanzee.htmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/apes/chimp/http://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://www.janegoodall.org/chimpanzees/tool-use-hunting-other-discoverieshttp://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behavhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/1419/Chimpanzees-Communication.htmlhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://www.janegoodall.ca/about-chimp-behaviour-comhttp://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzeeshttp://sitemaker.umich.edu/ling111ec/chimpanzeeshttp://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116http://www.ypte.org.uk/animal/chimpanzee/116

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