china powerpoint
TRANSCRIPT
Geography of East Asia
Geographic Barriers
• Barriers cut China off
from the rest of the
world & limit contact
• North
• South
• East
• West
Geographic Regions of East Asia
• Eastern Coastal Plain
• Manchuria
• Tibet
• Xinjiang
• Mongolia
Taklimakan Desert
Gobi Desert
Tibetan Plateau
Manchuria
South East Asian Rainforest
Three Rivers
• Huang He
• Yangzi
• Xi
China Physical Geography
Climate Zones of East Asia
Ancient East Asia
Yangsho / Longshan Cultures
• Silk
• Potters wheel
• Baked brick
houses
• Irrigation
• Flood control
Government
• Clans?
• Consensus?
• Divine?
Economics
• Farming
• Pottery
• Silk?
Social Order
Philosophy & Religion
• Polytheistic
• Yin / Yang
• Ancestor
Worship
Achievements
• Farming
• Pottery
• Silk
Government
• Appointed Rulers
• Complex
Bureaucracy
• Capital at Anyang
• King was the son
of Heaven (god-
king)
Economics
• Centralized
• Farming
• Pottery
• Silk
Social Order
Important People
• Shang Di
• Tang
Philosophy & Religion
• Shang Di
• God-king
• Polytheistic
• Animism
• Ancestor Worship
• Oracle Bones
Achievements
• Accurate
Calendar
• Bronze
• Silk
• Pottery
• Calligraphy
Reason for Decline
• Zhou people from the
West invaded along with
other tribes and seized
control from a weakened
Shang king.
Zhou (1027 – 220)
• Zhou clan
invaded Shang
territory from the
northwest
• Led by Wu Wang
• Conquered
region
Government
• Dynastic
Cycle
• Mandate
of Heaven
• Feudalism
Economics
• Farming
• Craftsmans
hip
Social Order
Achievements
Reason for Decline
• Feudal Lords gained
power, became less
loyal to the king
• Invaders from the West
and North chipped
away at Zhou lands
• Legend of Eastern and
Western Zhou?
Era of a Hundred Schools
• Feudal states fought for
control over a period of
several hundred years
• Turmoil and war led to the
development of
philosophies
aimed at forming
a peaceful society
Important People
• Confucius
– Analects
• Lao Zi
– Te Tao Ching
• Han Fezi
– ?
• Sunzi
– Art of War
Confucianism
• Peaceful Society through
proper behavior
• Filial Piety
• Code of Conduct
• 5 Relationships
• 5 Classics
• Analects
Confucianism
5 Relationships
• Father - Son
• Husband –Wife
• Older Brother – Younger Brother
• Ruler – Subject
• Friend – Friend
Confucianism
Merchants
Artisans
Peasant
Scholar
Taoism
• Peaceful
Society
through
balance
• Yin / Yang
• Wuwei
• Nature
• Simplicity
• Te Tao Ching
Legalism
• Peaceful
society
through
strict rules
and
punishment
• Harsh laws
= order
Qin (221 – 203)
Government
• Shi Huangdi =
1st Emperor
• Legalist
• Autocracy
• Centralized
Bureaucracy
• Code of Qin
• 36 Military
Districts
Economics
• Centralized
• Farming
• Public Works
• Uniform
currency –
weights &
measures
Peasants
Nobility
Artisans
Merchants
Warriors
Shi Huang Di
Social Order
Nobility had no real
power, which had
shifted to the
leaders in the
autocracy
Important People
• Shi Huangdi - 1st
Emperor
Achievements
• Book Burning?
• Centralized Government
• Unified Legal System
• Unified Tax System
• Public Works
• Great Wall of
China
Reason for Decline
• Nobody liked living this way!
Han
202 BC – 220 AD
• Four years after the fall of the
Qin a peasant general named
Liu Bang rose to power and
formed the Han
dynasty.
Social Order
Important People
• Liu Bang
• Wudi
• Boddhiharma
Philosophy & Religion
• Return to Confucian values
• Buddhism arrives in China
Achievements
• Chinese still refer to
themselves as Han
• Fertilizer
• Acupuncture
• Seismograph
• Civil service exams
Dates Gov. Econ. Social
Structure
People Philos.
& Religion
Achiev.
Early
People
Pre
-
1650
Clan?
Consensus?
Subsistence
Agriculture
Clans
Family All
Important
Polytheist
Yin/Yang
Ancestor
Worship
farming
Pottery
Irrigation
Silk
Shang 1650
–
1027
Appointed
Rulers
Farming
Craftsmanship
Hierarchy Wu Ding Same
Oracle Bones
Calligraphy
Silk
Chariots
Chopsticks
Zhou 1027
–
220
Feudal
Local lords gain
power over
time
Feudal
Farming &
Commerce
Trade
Population
Growth
Same but
Feudal
Confucius
Lao Zi
Han Fezi
Confucianism
Taoism
Legalism
Mandate of
Heaven
Iron
Coins
Books
Acupuncture
Qin 221
–
203
Bureaucracy
36 Military
Provinces
Legalist
Government
Owned
Uniform Taxes
Uniform
Coinage
Power shifts
to emperor
and his
military
leaders
Shi Huangdi Legalist
Book Burning
Public school
Great wall
Mirrors
Marble
Han 202
–
220 AD
Confucian
officials
Civil Service
Exams
Farming
Silk Road
Monopolies
Same basic
hierarchy
socially but
power now
held by
educated
Liu Bang
Wudi
Bodhiharma
Confucian
Intro to
Buddhism
Canal&Road
Government
Monopoly
Expansion
Modern China
East Meets West
• Marco Polo
• The Crusades
• Kow Tow
• Silk, Tea, and
Gun Powder
• Opium
The Opium Wars
• Treaty of Nanjing
– China to pay
21 million dollars
– Loss of Hong Kong
– Loss of sovereignty
Revolution and Republic
• Chinese rebels, supported by European powers, forced out the Emperor
• Formed as a republic
• Fell to warlords in 1916
• Turned to
Nationalism in 1928
• War with Japan in 1937
• Fell to Communists in 1949
• Now Taiwan
• A Quick History
Chiang Kai Shek
• Took part in the 1911 revolution against Qing Dynasty.
• Became nationalist leader in1928
• Elected the first president under in
1948.
• Fled to the island of Taiwan
• There, he became president of a
nationalist government and
continued to promise re-conquest
of the Chinese mainland until his
death in 1975.
The Communist Revolution
Mao Zedong
• Born to a peasant family
• Joined the Chinese Communist
Party as a founding member in the
1920s
• Led an uprising in 1927
• Led the Red Army on the Long
March.
• Brought the communists to victory
against the nationalists in 1949,
after more than 20 years of civil
war.
Red Army & the Long March
• Came into being in August 1927.
• Both a political and social role:
from distributing propaganda
among the masses to arming them
and helping them establish revolutionary political power.
• Forced to retreat in October 1934
by Nationalists, 0ne hundred
thousand soldiers and party leaders braved bitter conditions
…only 28,000 completed the trip
• The marchers' legendary discipline
increased party prestige, and the movement grew rapidly.
Great Leap Forward
• Mao proposed that China should make a "great leap forward" into
modernization.
• Began a militant Five Year Plan to
promote technology and agricultural self-sufficiency.
• Fertile rice fields were ploughed
over, and factory construction
work began.
• Farming was collectivized
• 23,500 communes were created
• Farmers had no idea how to use
the new factories
• Massive famine in 1960 and 1961
• Twenty million people starved
Cultural Revolution
• A ten-year political campaign to recapture excitement of the
revolution
• Ideological cleansing began with
attacks by young Red Guards on so-called "intellectuals" to remove
"bourgeois" influences.
• Millions were forced into manual
labor, and tens of thousands were executed.
• Cultural Revolution was declared
officially to have ended with Mao’s
death and the arrest of the Gang of Four.
Red Guard
• People in their teens and 20s who supported the shake-ups within the
Communist Party in the Cultural
Revolution.
• Mao urged workers to turn on their managers and students to turn
against their teachers.
• Entire schools were closed by units
of Red Guard students,
• Chinese people who were
between the ages of 15 and 25
during the period of the Cultural
Revolution are now referred to as the "lost generation", having missed
out on a proper education.
Deng Xiaoping
• A veteran of the Long March
• Took over after the Gang of Four
were purged
• Dominated both the party and
government throughout the 1980s
• Instituted a variety of economic
reforms aimed at decentralizing
China's economy and opening the
country to international trade
• Resigned from his last party post in
1989, after supporting the use of
suppressive military force in the
upheaval of Tiananmen Square.
• Died in 1997
Tiananmen Square
• Started as a mass demonstration of mourning students
• Demonstrators soon began to call for greater
democracy
• The authorities' response was initially lenient
• On 4 June 1989 troops
and tanks of the People's
Liberation Army stormed
into Tiananmen Square
and ended the peaceful
protest with a massacre
in which thousands were
killed.
China Today
• Communism
• Free Markets
• WTO
Tibet
• 640 Tibet established as
independent kingdom
• 820 Peace treaty signed
with China
• 1270 Conquered by
Kublai Khan
• 1913 Dalai Lama claims
independence
• 1950 Invaded by China
• 1959 Dalai Lama fled to India
• 1995 Named Panchen Lama
Taiwan
• Established as “The
Republic of China” in 1949
• One-Party system until 1987
• Now a multi-party
democracy
• World export power
• Reunification vs.
independence