china since 1945 from 1945 to 1949 china was involved in a civil war in 1949 the communists win and...
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China since 1945
• From 1945 to 1949 China was involved in a civil war
• In 1949 the Communists win and establish the People’s Republic of China
• Mao becomes the leader of China
Mao Tse-tung
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China since 1945
• Mao declared that China was against imperialism, feudalism, bureaucracy and democracy
• He had many plans to change China and immediately put them into action
• His new government enacted many plans to fix problems such as inflation and low production
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Mao’s Plans for China
• The Great Leap Forward– Created communes (self-
sufficient settlements containing farms and industries)
– They did not work at all: production fell, life was difficult, China experienced bad weather, rewards were limited
– The plan was abandoned after two years
“Long live the general direction! Long live the Great Leap Forward! Long live the People’s Commune!”
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Mao’s Plans for China• After the failure of the Great Leap Forward
Mao attempted a Cultural Revolution
• The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to change the old order and establish a new socialist society
• The Red Guard (young men and women) would enforce the policies of the revolution
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Mao’s Plans For China• The revolution was to destroy the four olds:
old ideology, old thoughts, old habits and old customs
• Those who opposed Mao were publicly punished
• Farm production fell, factory work stopped and schools closed
• As a result there was no economy, many people had left and there was no education
• It was an enormous failure and Mao ended it in 1969
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Answer the following• Why would the people of China still support Mao
after two very large failures?
• Take a few moments to think about why the people might still be behind Mao.
• Can you think of any examples in our history of when a president has a great failure and we still support him?
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Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
• Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution– commitment to revolution and “class struggle”– power struggle to succeed Mao
• Phase I: the rise and fall of “red guards”
• Phase II: the rise and fall of Lin Biao
• Phase III: the rise and fall of the “Gang of Four”
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Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)
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Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)• Purge of party squads
– Deng Xiaoping
• Purge of intellectuals
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Phase II: Lin Biao (1969-71)
• the assumed successor to Mao Zedong (tse-tung)
• In 1971 Lin allegedly tried but failed– to assassinate Mao– had to flee to Soviet Union
• His departure eroded the
credibility of the entire leadership
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Phase III: the “Gang of Four”• 1972 – 1976
• power struggle between
– the radical “Gang of Four”, led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s wife
– Goal continue Cultural revolution…failed when Mao dies and his power is gone…gang of 4 put on trial and convicted….Dang Xiaoping takes power
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Diplomatic Breakthrough• 1971, PRC became the representative of
China in UN (replaced ROC)
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Diplomatic Breakthrough
• 1972, President Nixon visited Beijing
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Mao and Zhou Died in 1976• Turning point in China’s postwar era
• “Gang of Four” were arrested
• End of the Cultural Revolution
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Mao’s legacies
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Reforms and Opening up• The 3rd Plenum of the 11th CCP Central
Committee in 1978– Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy– economic modernization became focus
• US-PRC diplomatic relations in 1979
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China since 1945
• Mao dies in 1976 and Deng Xiaoping comes to power.
• Deng institutes the Four Modernizations, which focuses on improving agriculture, industry, science and technology as well as defense.
• Deng was in power until his death in 1997
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Government in China Today• Currently known as the
People’s Republic of China (PRC).
• It is a single-party socialist republic (one party, in favor of the working class)
• The Communist party holds power
• The current president is Hu Jianto
• Beijing is the capital city
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Review of China’s Population
• Over 1.3 billion people (1/5 of the world’s population)
• 56 recognized ethnic groups. The Han are the largest (92%)
• Large population can be attributed to Mao
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Population in China
• Efforts were made to limit the population– Only 2 children per family
law
– One Child Policy
• Policies did not work that well– Rural families did not
comply
– Males regarded more highly than females
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Geography Review
• China is the world’s second largest country by land area (9,326,410 km2)
• China has a wide range of topography• There are numerous plains, plateaus, basins and mountains• Only 14% of the land is arable
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Chinese Language
• Many dialects are spoken in China, but Mandarin is the most widely spoken
• 70% of the people in China speak it
• It is the most widely spoken language in the world (100 million people speak it worldwide