chinese zhusuan, knowledge and practices of arithmetic ... · china abacus museum is cofounded...
TRANSCRIPT
Appendix to 4.b.Ref.: 00853
IllIiiilliilllli/I/I/liilll!fr/lii/lillliilllll!I/!11I10085300021
FOR INSCRIPTION IN 2013
THE REPRESENTATIVE LIST OF
THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF HUMANITY
UNESCO
FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT TO THE NOMINATION OF
Chinese Zhusuan, knowledge and practices of
arithmetic calculation through the abacus
STATEMENTS OF
COMMUNITIES AND INDIVIDUALS
(22 original documents with English translation)
Submitting State(s) Party(ies): The People's Republic of China
REF.: 00853
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Ref.: 00853
FEE, P lOR ND I Fa ED CO SENT TO T E NO I ION
February 1,2012
Zhusuan is not only an important creation in ancient China, but also one of the ingenious
inventions of humanity. It has been contributing to the economic and social development of
China for over 1800 years, emerging as a unique Zhusuan culture and thus enriching the
traditional Chinese culture.
Aiming at the safeguarding of Zhusuan culture, the Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic
Association (CAMAA) has devoted itself to the protection, promotion and development of
Zhusuan culture. CAMAA has advocated, organized and participated in the nomination work
of Zhusuan for its inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity, framing and engaging in the preparation of the nomination files. The nomination
files, the video files as well as other relevant documents have been refined on the basis of the
advice and suggestions of the members of CAMAA, representative individual heirs to the
heritage and communities concerned, and have fully expressed our wishes.
It is our hope that Chinese Zhusuan will be inscribed on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association (CAMAA)
1/22
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Ref.: 00853
FREE, PRIOR AND I FORMED CONSENT TO THE 0 IN ION
February S, 2012
Zhusuan is an ingenious invention of the ancient Chinese people. With the convenient
calculating tool and unique mathematical algorithms, it is called the most ancient computer in
the world. Chinese Zhusuan deserves to be inscribed on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and we eagerly look forward to its inscription.
China Abacus Museum is cofounded by the Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association
(CAMAA) and the Nantong Municipal People's Government. Occupying 30 acres, using 6000
square meters and exhibiting over 10000 pieces of historical items and cultural relics of
Zhusuan, China Abacus Museum is currently the biggest Zhusuan museum in the world. As
one of the communities concerned with Chinese Zhusuan, China Abacus Museum has
participated consistently in collecting materials for the nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan
and in editing the information film of Zhusuan, providing ancient books, various abacuses,
documents of current and recent efforts in terms of safeguarding the culture of Zhusuan, and
long-term plans for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage.
The nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan have fully expressed our wishes. We aspire to have
Chinese Zhusuan inscribed along with other remarkable cultures in the world on the
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
China Abacus Museum
2/22
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February 9,2012
Cheng Dawei, Chinese mathematician living in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.), was born
in Huangshan City, Anhui Province. All his life was devoted to the mathematical studies. It
took him 20 years to write General Rules a/Calculation, a masterpiece of Zhusuan, and another
6 years to simplify it into Basic Rules a/Calculation. Having created and refined the formulas
of Zhusuan, he facilitated the development of Chinese mathematics from rod arithmetic to
Zhusuan, which signified a new era of mental-arithmetic-cantered mathematics. Printed and
reprinted for over 300 times during the 300 years from the end of Ming Dynasty to the early
20th century, General Rules a/Calculation was brought to Korea Peninsula, Southeast Asia, and
Europe. The contributions of Cheng Dawei are the contributions that Chinese Zhusuan made
to the community of Zhusuan in the world. We urge that Chinese Zhusuan be inscribed on the
Representative List ofthe Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity so that the world can
benefit from it.
Being a Zhusuan museum and promotion community of Zhusuan, we have participated in
collecting materials for the nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan and in editing the information
film of Zhusuan.
The nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan are concrete and authentic, fully expressing our
wishes. We hereby give our wholehearted approval, support and commitment.
Cheng Dawei Zhusuan Museum of Anhui Province
3/22
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FEE, P OR D I Fa ED CO SENT TO T E NO IN ION
February 3, 2012
Zhusuan is an important part of the traditional Chinese culture and of studies of Chinese
ancient civilization. The popularity of Zhusuan has boosted the popularity of mathematics.
Zhusuan is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese people and a great contribution
that the Chinese people have made to the world. We sincerely hope that Chinese Zhusuan will
be inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Principles ofAlgorithms is a book about Zhusuan. Its author, Wang Wensu, was born in 1465
AD. in Fenyang City, Shanxi Province. In 1998, we unveiled his statue, erected his stele and set
up the Wang Wensu Exhibition Room. The year of 2009 has witnessed the ceremony for
laying foundation of the Memorial Hall ofWang Wensu. In 2012, construction of the Memorial
Hall ofWang Wensu completed and started to receive visitors. Since then, it became a cultural
base for the preservation and promotion of Zhusuan.
We have participated through various means in the preparation of the nomination files as well
as the creation of the video files in the City of Fenyang.
We hope to have Chinese Zhusuan inscribed on the Representative List ofthe Intangible
Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and are glad to continue working on it. The nomination files
have fully expressed our wishes.
Wang Wensu Memorial Hall in Fenyang
4/22
Ref.: 00853
FEE, PRIO D I FO ED CONSENT TO T E 0 IN ION
February 16, 2012
As an ardent collector and researcher of ancient abacuses, as well as the curator of the Guohua
Zhusuan Museum of China, my colleagues at the museum and I have participated in preparing
ofthe nomination files and the producing the video files. We sincerely hope that Chinese
Zhusuan will be inscribed on the Representative List ofthe Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity. We hereby affirm that the nomination files have fully expressed our wishes.
LeiGuohua
on behave of
Guohua Zhusuan Museum of Linhai City
5/22
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February 6, 2012
Considered as a Chinese national treasure, Chinese Zhusuan is included on The Second List of
State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage Items, ranks first on the list ofthe 101 Gadgets that
Changed the World published in The Independent, and stands first on the list of the 50
Inventions that Changed the World issued in The Times ofIndia. In view of the great
contributions that Zhusuan has made to the economic development, cultural diversity, and
social progress of China, the neighboring countries and regions as well as the world, the
Abacus Association of Jiangsu Province, member group of the Chinese Abacus and Mental
Arithmetic Association (CAMAA), sincerely urges the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization to inscribe Chinese Zhusuan on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity so that the world may be able to understand, learn,
love, and share the knowledge of Zhusuan. With this aim in mind, the Abacus Association of
Jiangsu Province has worked with other Zhusuan and/or mental arithmetic associations as
well as CAMAA in collecting, sorting and compiling the materials for the nomination files of
Chinese Zhusuan and in editing the information film of Zhusuan
The Abacus Association of Jiangsu Province solemnly declares that the content of the
nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan for the inscription on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage is both concrete and authentic, and fully expresses the common
wishes of the Chinese Zhusuan communities.
Abacus Association of Jiangsu Province
6/22
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February 10,2012
The ancient abacus is still playing its unique role in a world of high technologies. In China,
Zhusuan is frequently used in rural areas as well as in domestic financing. As the national
treasure of China, Zhusuan has become a part of the international cultural exchange as a new
form of culture. Zhusuan, with the unique calculation method of moving the beads up and
down the rods on the abacus to accomplish addition and subtraction, is still of great value.
Thus, we have participated consistently in collecting materials for the nomination files of
Chinese Zhusuan and in editing the information film of Zhusuan. The nomination files of
Chinese Zhusuan have fully expressed our wishes on its inscription. We hope to have Chinese
Zhusuan inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Abacus Association of Shanxi Province
8/22
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FRE PRIO AND I FO ED CO SENT TO T E 0 IN ION
February 14, 2012
For over twenty years since its founding, the Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of
Shanghai has always been assuming the responsibility for the promotion of Chinese Zhusuan.
During the Symposium for the Promotion of Chinese Zhusuan Culture, which was
co-sponsored by the Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shanghai and Institute of
Mathematical Education of East China Normal University in May 2006, some Zhusuan
professionals, mathematicians, educators, mathematical historians, and those who concern
about the development of Chinese mathematics indicated that Zhusuan is a treasure of
traditional Chinese culture and a far-reaching element of intangible cultural heritage. The
Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shanghai has participated in the preparation of
the nomination files and the production of the video files since the year of 2007 when the
Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association (CAMAA) first started the nomination
process.
On June 7, 2008, Zhusuan appeared on The Second List o/State-Ievel Intangible Cultural
Heritage Items. The Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shanghai, along with other
members of the CAMAA, taking the responsibility for the reservation and promotion of
Zhusuan, has participated consistently the nomination process of Chinese Zhusuan for the
inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. We
believe Zhusuan belongs not only to China but also to the whole world, and it will play a
positive role in the progress of humanity.
Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shanghai
9/22
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FRE PRIO ND I FORMED CO SENT TO T E 0 IN ION
February 16,2012
In 1978, Chinese archaeologists unearthed in Qishan County of Shaanxi Province several
earthenware beads tracing back to the Western Zhou. After archaeological appraisal,
archaeologists have concluded, "The beads are likely calculating device" and then named them
"Western Zhou Earthenware Beads."
The discovery ofthe Western Zhou Earthenware Beads proves that the history of abacus
beads in China is well over 3000 years and China is doubtlessly the first country to use
Zhusuan. We attach great importance to this discovery. We have actively participated in the
preparation of nomination files and the production of the video files. To promote this ancient
culture of Zhusuan, all the members in our association are looking forward to the inscription
of Chinese Zhusuan on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
If it does come true in retrospect as a historical moment, we will all feel very proud to have
been part of its nomination.
Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shaanxi Province
10/22
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F EE PRIOR AND INFOJ ED CO SENT TO T E OMIN ION
February 18,2012
Zhusuan is an ingenious cultural heritage of China. We have been participating consistently in
the nomination process of Zhusuan for the inscription on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. We happily offered parts of the materials and
those teaching scenes appearing in the video document. Now we are glad to continue
contributing to the nomination work, and give our full support to the inscription of Zhusuan.
Abacus Association of Heilongjiang Province
11 / 22
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F E P IOR ND I FO ED CO SENT TO T E OMIN ION
February 7, 2012
As a reputable ancient calculation technique, Chinese Zhusuan enjoys a very long history. As a
convenient and efficient calculating device, Zhusuan has contributed tremendously over
thousands of years to the social and economic development of China. Even now, with
numerous advancements in high technology, Zhusuan is still in general practice.
For the sake of further promoting the culture of Zhusuan, the Abacus and Mental Arithmetic
Association of Hubei Province aspires to have Chinese Zhusuan inscribed on the
Representative List of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
The nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan written by Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic
Association fully express our wishes.
Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Hubei Province
12/22
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F PRIO DINFO ED CO SE T TO THE NO TIO
February 7,2012
As a reputable ancient calculation technique, Chinese Zhusuan enjoys a very long history. As a
kind of convenient and efficient calculating device, Zhusuan has contributed tremendously
over thousands of years to the social and economic development of China. Even now, with
numerous advancements in high technology, Zhusuan is still in general practice.
For further promoting the culture of Zhusuan, the Abacus Association of Guangdong Province
aspires to have Chinese Zhusuan inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible
Heritage of Humanity. In recent years, the Abacus Association of Guangdong Province has
been actively assisting the Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association (CAMAA) in the
nomination of Chinese Zhusuan for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible
Heritage of Humanity, has been consistently participating in the preparation of nomination
files, and has provided considerable historical materials concerning Zhusuan.
In conclusion, we acknowledge the culture of Chinese Zhusuan, and look forward to the very
day when Zhusuan is inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Heritage of
Humanity.
Abacus Association of Guangdong Province
13/22
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F EE j P OR ND I FO ED CO SE T TO THE NO IN ION
February 5,2012
As a simple and ergonomic tool, the abacus is the best teaching, studying and calculating
device; the formations of the beads on the abacus is the first-rate mathematical symbols.
Chinese Zhusuan, with the enchantment of arithmetic, the simplicity of algebra, the
refinement of geometry, the sophistication of mathematics, the rationality of logic, and the
depth of philosophy, is an outstanding cultural heritage of humanity. It is now an
indispensable part of the lives of the Chinese people. The Abacus Association of Ningxia,
together with the community of Zhusuan, sincerely urges to have Chinese Zhusuan inscribed
on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The Zhusuan
Association of Ningxia has participated in the preparation ofthe nomination files by collecting
materials, writing newspaper reports, publishing papers about Zhusuan, and has offered
many suggestions on how to improve the nomination files in the workshop held by the
Academic Committee of the Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association (CAMAA).
The inscription of Chinese Zhusuan on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural
Heritage of Humanity is our long-cherished hope and the intense desire. In conclusion, we are
glad to continue contributing to the nomination work, and give our full support to the
nomination.
Abacus Association of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
14/22
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Ref.: 00853
FEE, P OR D I FO ED CONSENT TO T E OMIN ION
January 24,2012
The essential value of Chinese Zhusuan lies in the ancient concept of harmony and unity
between man and nature. In relation to this, our ancestors have presented the most scientific
number and the most reasonable harmony in the form of the top deck and the bottom deck of
the abacus. The structure of the abacus contains many important theorems: on one rod, the
multiplicative grouping system (the four beads in the bottom deck) and the place value
system (the fifth bead in the top deck), and on two rods, the decimal system. This perfect
combination of the top and bottom decks, with the functions of calculation, enlightenment and
education, is in accordance with mathematical principles. Zhusuan transcends time and space.
It is a treasure of Chinese mathematics and a major contribution of China to humanity.
Zhusuan, like any other cultural heritages, is easy to destroy, yet hard to protect. Therefore, I
have done my utmost to participate in the preparation of the nomination files and the videos
in order for Chinese Zhusuan to prosper in the future.
ZhangDehe
(Traditional Zhusuan bearer and practitioner)
15/22
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Ref.: 00853
FREE, PRIO AND INFO E CO SENT TO T E 0 IN ION
January 15, 2012
In view of the significant contributions and unique function in practice that Chinese Zhusuan
has made to economy, human civilization, social progress of China and the rest of the world, I
strongly hope that the inscription of the Chinese Zhusuan on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity would come true. It will help the world to
understand Chinese Zhusuan, a cultural treasure of human creativity, and then to learn about
it, love it, and benefit from it.
As an educator in Zhusuan, I have participated consistently in the collection of
nomination-related materials as well as the preparation ofthe nomination files and video
files.
I read over the nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan that are complete and accurate, and have
fully expressed my wishes. I hereby give my wholehearted support to the nomination.
WangWeida
(Traditional Zhusuan bearer and practitioner)
16/22
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Ref.: 00853
FREE, PRIO NDINFO ED CONSENT TO T E NO IN ION
February it 2012
The history of Zhusuan can be traced back to the Han Dynasty eighteen hundred years ago. As
a cultural treasure of China, Zhusuan played an important role in the military, economy,
politics and many other fields in ancient China. It has always been my hope to help Zhusuan to
be inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
As a member of the contemporary community of Zhusuan, I participated consistently in the
preparation of the nomination files as well as the video files.
The texts ofthe nomination files have truthfully represented my wishes. I give my free, prior
and informed consent to the nomination, and look forward to the inscription of Zhusuan on
the Representative List.
Chen Ranran
(Traditional Zhusuan bearer and practitioner)
17/22
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Ref.: 00853
FRE PRIO ND INFORMED CO SE T TO THE 0 IN ION
February 6,2012
Having its own special instrument and complete theoretical base, Chinese Zhusuan is
crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese people and an important manifestation of the
Chinese civilization. It enjoys a long history and extensive public awareness in China. I have
been learning and training in Zhusuan since childhood, and have done very well in various
contests of Zhusuan, setting the record of calculating at as many as 28 digits per second.
During this process, I have become acutely aware of the great influence that Zhusuan exerts
on the improvement in humanity as well as their lives, and of the deep affection that the
Chinese people have for Zhusuan. As a common heritage of humanity, Zhusuan needs the
preservation and promotion of all humankind. Inscribing Chinese Zhusuan on the
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity will bring the attention of
the world into Zhusuan, and help the world know Zhusuan and further promote it. Therefore,
I hope Chinese Zhusuan will be included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural
Heritage of Humanity, and make this pearl of human civilization sparkle in human history
forever.
As one of the representative individual heirs to the heritage, I have worked with others in the
entire process of the preparation of the nomination files and video files. Not only did I offer
the reports, pictures, and videos of my training and of the contests I competed in, but also I
assisted in the collecting and sorting of the materials as well.
I have formed a special affection for Zhusuan through many years' experience with it. I
sincerely hope that more people will be able to get to know and promote Zhusuan. The
content of the nomination files is concrete, authentic and straightforward, expressing my deep
passion for transmitting the element. I believe the inscription on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity will strengthen its continuity.
Zhu Qingying
(Traditional Zhusuan bearer and practitioner)
18/22
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Ref.: 00853
FEE, PRIO ND I FORMED CO SENT TO T E 0 INATION
February 12, 2012
In China, Zhusuan is both the direct representation of the knowledge and practice of numbers
and the cultural symbol of Chinese emotional identity. It has played a valuable role both in
people's social life and in the economic development of China.
The nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan for the inscription on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage fully express our common wishes. We sincerely hope that
Chinese Zhusuan will be able to be inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible
Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Shandong Province
19/22
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Ref.: 00853
FREE, PRIOR ND I FO ED CO SENT TO T E NO IN ION
February 8,2012
As a group member of Chinese Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association, we've got a lot of
feeling deep down that the contributions that Chinese Zhusuan has made both to the
development of China's civilization and as well as the world cultural achievements. We do
hope the nominated element could be successfully inscribed on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, through which the world would be able to further
know, learn and promote Chinese Zhusuan.
The nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan are objective and authentic, fully expressing the
wishes of our Zhusuan professionals. We hereby give our wholehearted support and
commitment.
Abacus and Mental Arithmetic Association of Beijing City
20/22
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Ref.: 00853
FREE, P 10 D I FO ED CO SE T TO THE OM IN ION
February 11, 2012
The history of Zhusuan can be traced back to the Han Dynasty eighteen hundred years ago.
As a cultural treasure of China, Zhusuan played an important role in the military, economy,
politics and many other fields in ancient China. It has always been our hope to help Zhusuan
to be inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
As an educational institution to teach Chinese Zhusuan, our school is shouldering the mission
to inherit and carry forward the culture of Zhusuan. The nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan
are objective and authentic, fully expressing the wishes of us. We hereby give our
wholehearted support and commitment and hope to have Chinese Zhusuan inscribed on the
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Oriental Gold Tower Children's Potency Training School (Xicheng District, Beijing)
21/22
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Ref.: 00853
F EE PRIO, DINFO ED CONSE T TO T E NO I ION
January 14, 2012
Chinese Zhusuan, a cultural treasure of China, has made significant contributions to the
economy, human civilization and social progress of China and of the world. As an abacus
educational institute, we strongly urge the inclusion of the Chinese Zhusuan on the
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity so that the world can
understand Chinese Zhusuan, learn about it, love it, and benefit from it.
Having fully expressed our wishes, the nomination files of Chinese Zhusuan are complete and
accurate. We hereby give our wholehearted support to the nomination.
Beijing Shenmo Culture Communication Co. Ltd.
22/22