chinmay sridhar, angel weng, benjamin...
TRANSCRIPT
Chinmay Sridhar, Angel Weng, Benjamin ZhangAPUS, Buggé, Period 1
Chapter 7, Topic 2: Newburgh Conspiracy
Land Ordinance (1785)
Land Grants
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Who
Made by Congress
under Articles of
Confederation
Ideas proposed by
Thomas Jefferson in
1784
Where
North of
Ohio River
+ west of
PA
Land
acquired
from British
Why
Make profit from
land sales
Promote
expansion
Divide/organize
new lands
Set foundations
for new states
What
Organized territories
into 6 square mile
sections
Sub-divided into 640
acre plots
Each section assigned
different purpose (ex.
#59- Town
Courthouse; #67-
farmland; etc)
Expensive- one lot
was $640; Over a
million acres sold to
Ohio Company for
less than 10 cents an
acre
Who
Passed by Congress
under Articles of
Confederation
Where
Territories north of
Ohio River
Why
Establish governments for new
territories
Prepare territories for statehood
What
Gave each area a
Congressionally-appointed
governor, secretary, and 3
judges
Once population reached
60,000, territory could apply for
statehood
Guaranteed residents basic
rights, including property, trial
by jury, and freedom of religion
No slavery north of Ohio River
What this means?...
The Land Ordinance along with the Northwest Ordinance helped create states west of the
Mississippi River, out of the land the US acquired from the Revolution. The Land Ordinance
divided up the land and the Northwest Ordinance set up guidelines that the new territories would
have to meet before they could become states. One of the biggest issues that the Northwest
Ordinance addressed was slavery. It clearly prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory, but it
did not affect slaves already living in the territory or stop some slave holders from bringing
slaves over.
No Separation:
-Congregationalists were against separation because separation would bring “social disorder and risked infidelity”.
-Plymouth Massachusetts was one of the established colonial towns where people opposed the idea of separate church and state.
-Strictly Puritans.
-Roger Williams’ radical views opposing one national religion got him exiled from Plymouth, where the townspeople believed highly of the church and state bond.
Positive Effects of Separation:
-A bill for establishing religious freedom in Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson, was the theoretical foundation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
-The bill eliminated official and financial support for the Church of England so neither the church or the state had control over each other. It also officially established for the first time freedom of religion.
-First Amendment states there will be no national religion, and no religious preference.
Pro-Separation:
-Government only publicly supported one religious group, and it wasn’t fair to minority religious groups.
-Wanted a different religious set-up than forced religion like that of Church of England.
-Issac Backus argued that alliances between church and state oppressed other religious groups.
-Lower classes fought for religious freedom to benefit from increased sense of liberty after the Revolutionary War.
-People everywhere realized the limitations an established religion would place on them.
-People wanted to right the wrongs that were done to them by England so they wanted to make religion a fair opportunity
-Because of the enlightenment and the great awakening, a diminished interest in established religions developed among the American people
Negative Results of Separation:
-Although Congress was prohibited from creating laws pertaining to religious establishments, states were left to make the decision on their own which resulted in many states still giving taxes in support of Christian churches.
APUS RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Federalists Anti-Federalists
Popular
Advocates
George
Washington
Ben Franklin
James Madison
Alexander
Hamilton
George Mason
Patrick Henry
James Winthrop
John Hancock
Arguments Stronger central
government was
needed to keep
order and preserve
Union
Stronger central
government would
reverse work done in
revolution and limit
democracy
Government -STRONG CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT
-LITTLE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT
-STRONG LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Bill of Rights AGAINST
-Felt that citizens
would be limited
stated rights
specifically stated
in the bill
-Thought it better
to have implied
rights
FOR
-Felt it was
important to
specifically protect
citizen’s rights
-Anti-Federalist
states would not
ratify Constitution
until Bill of Rights
was added
Checks &
Balances
Felt that it kept
one branch from
becoming too
powerful
Felt that it served to
confuse the people
and would have little
power to prevent
rights infringement
Factions Factional conflict
ensures the
perpetuation of
human liberty
Factions will rob the
common people of
their voice and lead
to mob rule
Advantages Strong Leaders
Well Organized
Appealed to popular
hatred of Britain
Disadvantages Constitution was
new and untried
Poorly organized
Bill of Rights
added to
Constitution to
gain ratification
of Georgia and Massachusetts
Ratification Dates
1. - Delaware - December 7, 1787 2. Pennsylvania - December 12,
1787
3. New Jersey - December 18, 1787
4. Georgia - January 2, 1788 5. Connecticut - January 9, 1788 6. Massachusetts - February 6,
1788 7. Maryland - April 28, 1788
8. South Carolina - May 23, 1788 9. New Hampshire - June 21, 1788 10. Virginia - June 25, 1788 11. New York - July 26, 1788 12. North Carolina - November 21,
1789 13. Rhode Island - May 29, 1790
Urban Laborers,
Shopkeepers, Artisans
- support Federalists
because Federalists
promised to regulate
profitable overseas trade
RATIFICATION