Chip NilgesVice President, Business DevelopmentOCLC

Library Supply meets Library

Demand: A Web 2.0 Approach

Library Supply meets Library

Demand: A Web 2.0 Approach

Stellenbosch University

2008 Annual Symposium

6 November 2008

Top 20 visited Web sites worldwideTop 20 visited Web sites worldwide

Top Web properties worldwide by number of visitors - June 2008 (SEW)

Membership Reports/StudiesMembership Reports/Studies

• 90% are satisfied with search engines

• libraries = books

• Internet’s readers are becoming its authors

• 25% of general public and 50% of college students participate in social sites

33%

186%

27%

33%

10%

Changes in Web Use: 2005-2007Changes in Web Use: 2005-2007

Change in use of Web services from 2005 - 2007

The good news for libraries …The good news for libraries …

•96% have visited a library

•57% use libraries frequently

•69% say library use is steady or higher

•78% view libraries favorably as an information source

In other words, it’s not a problem of demand

From OCLC: Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005)

84%

Search Engines

2%

Library Portals

Is it a supply problem?

Q: Where do you typically begin your search for information?

Libraries manage complex supply issuesLibraries manage complex supply issues

- Cooperative Collection Management

- Floating Collections

- Regional Courier Services

- Private / Dedicated Fleet Management

- Content / Collection Management

- Digital content management - ERIM

- Mass digitization

Libraries struggle with “Web scale supply”Libraries struggle with “Web scale supply”

•Collectively, libraries satisfy significant demand

•However …

• We have lacked a collective Web presence

• Our logistics systems tend to be paper based and fragmented

• Our digital delivery systems are not well coordinated

• We have not coordinated delivery of physical, digital, digitized materials

A Web 2.0 approach to library supplyA Web 2.0 approach to library supply

• Use the Web as a service platform

• Touch the entire Web

• Release lightweight services

• Build better data & collect user intelligence

What is Web 2.0:  Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software.”  - Tim O’Reilly http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/207310919&referer=brief_results

Principle 1: Use the Web as a PlatformPrinciple 1: Use the Web as a Platform

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform The WorldCat.org PlatformPrinciple 1: Use the Web as a Platform The WorldCat.org Platform

• Destination Site

• Syndication Program

• Enterprise Solution

GroupGroup

Local

Local

GlobalGlobal

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org – Destination Site Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org – Destination Site

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org - Syndicaton ProgramPrinciple 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org - Syndicaton Program

Over 5,000 affiliate sites

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform

Sources of WorldCat.org Traffic

Over 5,000 Web sites send traffic to libraries through WorldCat.org

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org Syndication: Google Book Search

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org Syndication: Google Book Search

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org - Enterprise SolutionPrinciple 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org - Enterprise Solution

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat Local: ResultsPrinciple 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat Local: Results

Principle 2: Lightweight ServicesPrinciple 2: Lightweight Services

• Includes Web services and systems that are designed to be “remixed” by others

• Supports machine-to-machine interaction between services over a network

• Efficient means of syndicating services across many Web sites

Principle 2: Lightweight ServicesOCLC and Lightweight ServicesPrinciple 2: Lightweight ServicesOCLC and Lightweight Services

WorldCat API

• 10-15 developers from cataloging institutions in North America and Europe

• Search of WorldCat and retrieval of holdings

• Developers build applications that will drive people back to library services

OCLC Web services

• xISBN, xISSN, xOCLCNUM

• WorldCat Identities

• Registries including institution, reviews, citations (lists), tagging

• Terminologies

• Metadata Crosswalk

Principle 2: Lightweight ServicesOCLC Developer’s NetworkPrinciple 2: Lightweight ServicesOCLC Developer’s Network

• Reach a different user community

• Two way dialog

• Influence and feedback for planning Grid services

• Infrastructure for collaboration

• Contribute to the community

•

• http://worldcat.org/devnet/

Principle 2: Lightweight ServicesWorldCat.org WidgetsPrinciple 2: Lightweight ServicesWorldCat.org Widgets

• OCLC has released small applications for WorldCat for:

• Browsers

• Blogs / Web sites

• Popular sites (e.g., facebook)

Principle 2: Lightweight Services

WorldCat API and the iPhonePrinciple 2: Lightweight Services

WorldCat API and the iPhone

Principle 2: Lightweight ServicesWorldCat API and the iPhonePrinciple 2: Lightweight ServicesWorldCat API and the iPhone

Principle 3: Building Better DataPrinciple 3: Building Better Data

Principle 3: Building Better Data

Old Data Paradigm

BooksJournalsNewspapersGov docsEtc.

Special collectionsManuscriptsPapersUniv records

Journal articlesConference proceedingsEtc.

Library catalogs

Archives

Abstracting &Indexing services

Collections &Library-centric model

Principle 3: Building Better Data The importance of data in library search & retrieval

Principle 3: Building Better Data The importance of data in library search & retrieval

Ludwig, Mark J. and Wells, Margaret R. “Google Books vs. BISON.” LibraryJournal, July 15, 2008. http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6566451.html

Principle 3: Building Better Data What data do users want? Principle 3: Building Better Data What data do users want?

5%

7%

7%

12%

14%

24%

5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Summary/abstract

Citations

Links to onlinecontent/full text

Item details

Author

Ability to see what isimmediately available

List of libraries that ownit

Information most essential in identifying the item needed?

End Users (n=7535)

high low

low

high

stewardshipu

niq

ue

ne

ss

BooksJournalsNewspapersGov. docsCD, DVDMapsScores

Special collectionsRare booksLocal/Historical newspapersLocal history materialsArchives & Manuscripts, Theses & dissertations

Research, learning and administrativematerials, •ePrints/tech reports•Learning objects•Courseware•E-portfolios•Research data

•Institutional records•Reports, newsletters, etc

Freely-accessible web resourcesOpen source softwareNewsgroup archives

http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/archive/2004/dempsey-mslitaguide.pdf

Principle 3: Building Better Data Cataloging the “Collective Collection”

Principle 3: Building Better Data Cataloging the “Collective Collection”

Principle 3: Building Better Data OCLC’s Data StrategyPrinciple 3: Building Better Data OCLC’s Data Strategy

• Change the old paradigm

• Go global

• Go upstream

• Serve consumers first

• Cover more more ground

• Facilitate access

Principle 3: Building Better Data Going Global - National files pending for WorldCat

Principle 3: Building Better Data Going Global - National files pending for WorldCat

Bibliothèque nationale de France

Danish National Library

Jewish National and University Library

Libraries and Archives Canada

National Library of Australia

National Library of China

National Library of Finland

National Library of Iceland

National Library of New Zealand

National Library of Russia

National Library of Scotland

National Library of Slovenia

National Library of Sweden

National Central Library, Taiwan

National Library of Wales

Russian State Library

Swiss National Library

1998

36%

2008

50¼%

Percentage of Non-English

Records

Total Records

English

French

German

Spanish

Japanese

Russian

Chinese

Italian

Latin

Portuguese

Dutch

Hebrew

1998:37.5 m records

23.9 m

2.3 m

2.2 m

1.6 m

.8 m

.8 m

.7 m

.7 m

.3 m

.3 m

.2 m

.2 m

2008:108.2 m records

55.2 m

6.2 m

12.3 m

3.6 m

2.5 m

1.8 m

2.3 m

1.7 m

1.2 m

.9 m

2.7 m

.7 m

Principle 3: Building Better Data Multilingual WorldCatPrinciple 3: Building Better Data Multilingual WorldCat

Principle 3: Building Better Data Going UpstreamPrinciple 3: Building Better Data Going Upstream

Upstream capture of ONIX metadata Libraries:

•Chicago Public Library

•Phoenix Public Library

•MIT Library

•The Ohio State University Library

Publishers/vendors:

•Ingram Book Group

•Hachette Book Group

•Princeton University Press

•Taylor and Francis

Principle 3: Building Better Data E-Content Synchronization Principle 3: Building Better Data E-Content Synchronization

Principle 3: Building Better Data Article-Level Metadata in WorldCatPrinciple 3: Building Better Data Article-Level Metadata in WorldCat

20 million article-level records from BL

20,000Inside Serials—articles from 20,000 journals

57 millionTOTAL ARTICLE-LEVEL RECORDS NOW IN WORLDCAT.ORG

Principle 3: Building Better DataAccessing digitized library special collectionsPrinciple 3: Building Better DataAccessing digitized library special collections

Thumbnail

View the item

Principle 3: Building Better DataAccessing digitized library special collectionsPrinciple 3: Building Better DataAccessing digitized library special collections

Principle 3: Building Better DataCollect User IntelligencePrinciple 3: Building Better DataCollect User Intelligence

Tools and connections:

•Personal account

•Lists

•Citation tools

•Reviews, Ratings, RSS

•Social Tagging

•Sharing tools

… Always adding more

Principle 3: Building Better DataFacilitating access via registriesPrinciple 3: Building Better DataFacilitating access via registries

Results WorldCat.org: Average Monthly Traffic

Results WorldCat.org: Average Monthly Traffic

2 million unique users

13 millionpage views

6 millionfull record views

750,000clickthroughs tolibrary services (OPAC, ILL, OpenURL, etc.)

Results Page ViewsResults Page Views

0

5

10

15

20

25

Jul-0

3

Nov-0

3

Mar

-04

Jul-0

4

Nov-0

4

Mar

-05

Jul-0

5

Nov-0

5

Mar

-06

Jul-0

6

Nov-0

6

Mar

-07

Jul-0

7

Nov-0

7

Mar

-08

Mil

lio

ns

WorldCat FirstSearch WorldCat.org

Results WorldCat Local and Library SupplyResults WorldCat Local and Library Supply

University of Washington July-Dec. 2006/2007

100%increase in ILL requests via WorldCat

70%increase in borrowing within Summit consortium

2ndWorldCat.org now the 2nd highest referrer to UW resolver

Results Before we congratulate ourselves too heartily …

Results Before we congratulate ourselves too heartily …

1 DayAnnual use of WC < 1 day’s use of Google.com

And what about the last mile problem? And what about the last mile problem?

Last Mile ProblemOutsourcing circulation?Last Mile ProblemOutsourcing circulation?

• Reducing the collective footprint for physical materials

• Home delivery of physical materials

• Outsourced circulation pilot

Last Mile ProblemManaging the Collective CollectionLast Mile ProblemManaging the Collective Collection

Shared Print Program

Collectively enable research institutions to enact cooperative print management schemes

Duplication RateDuplication Rate

1

2

3

4

5

6

1900 1915 1930 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005

Publication Date

Ave

rage

No.

of

Cop

ies

4.5

Circulation by SubjectCirculation by Subject

0 1 2 3 4

Computer SciencePsychology

SociologyPhysical Education and Recreation

MedicineAnthropologyMathematics

Art and ArchitecturePerforming Arts

MusicChemistryEducation

Engineering and TechnologyBiological Sciences

Philosophy and ReligionPhysical Sciences

History and Auxiliary SciencesAgriculture

Language, Linguistics, and LiteratureBusiness and Economics

Political ScienceGeography and Earth Sciences

Library Science, Generalities, and ReferenceLaw

Figure 1. Duplication rates have remained stable since the mid 1970s. Figure 2. Circulation activity varies by subject; shelf-status (reserves; closed stacks) may be a factor.

Last Mile ProblemCooperative Collections Management Pilot

Last Mile ProblemCooperative Collections Management Pilot

• Assume institutions commit to retain and share 3 copies in storage…

• Savings Opportunity:

• 12.5M volumes (out of 27.5M analyzed) could be weeded from the 19 pilot participants

• 17.8 Linear Miles of Shelving

• At $3.00 (USD) per linear foot, $280k annual cost savings per library

• Could add 19 additional years to life of libraries

Last Mile ProblemWorldCat Direct Pilot ResultsLast Mile ProblemWorldCat Direct Pilot Results

84% Plan to use service again

91% Satisfied with service

58%Received book at home in less than 6 days; 91% < 10 days

Home delivery of ILL requests from Web book seller

OCLC’s Web StrategyOCLC’s Web Strategy

http://www.jasongriffey.net/wp/2008/04/27/connections-are-everything/

Our goal: The world’s libraries. Connected.Our goal: The world’s libraries. Connected.

• More collaboration

• More institutions

• More Web-scale

• More innovationGroupGroup

Local

Local

GlobalGlobal

““It is not the It is not the

strongest of the strongest of the

species that species that

survives, nor the survives, nor the

most intelligent most intelligent

that survives. that survives.

It is the one that is It is the one that is

the most adaptable the most adaptable

to change.”to change.”——Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

Thank you!Thank you!

Chip Nilges - chip_nilges@oclc.org