chlorophyll and phytoplankton community changes in a shifting co 2 environment
DESCRIPTION
Chlorophyll and phytoplankton community changes in a shifting CO 2 environment. Natsuko Porcino University of Washington, Friday Harbor Labs Spring 2013. What are phytoplankton?. Microscopic photosynthetic organisms. The primary producers of the ocean. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chlorophyll and phytoplankton community changes in a shifting
CO2 environment
Natsuko Porcino
University of Washington, Friday Harbor Labs
Spring 2013
What are phytoplankton?
Photo courtesy of Amy Stephens
• Microscopic photosynthetic organisms
• The primary producers of the ocean
• Account for half of all photosynthetic activity on Earth
Cyanobacteria (0.5 – 2 microns)
Nanoplankton (2 – 5 microns)
Large phytoplankton (5+ microns)
CHLOROPHYLL
• Used by primary producers to photosynthesize
• A fluorophore
Were chlorophyll a levels different between the treatments?
What populations were present? Were they different between CO2 levels?
Methods
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T210.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0Median chlorophyll values by day, by treatment
Control
High
Drift
Time (days)
Ch
loro
ph
yll (
ugL
-1)
High and drift: p<0.001 Control and high: p<0.001Control and drift: p=0.728
(Friedman Rank Sum Test)
01/03/1900 01/07/19000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0
5
10
15
20
25Chlorophyll and large phytoplankton counts over time
chlorophyll control
chlorophyll high
chlorophyll drift
phytoplankton control
phytoplankton high
phytoplankton drift
Time (days)
Ph
ytop
lan
kto
n (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Ch
loro
ph
yll (
ugL
-1 )
T0 T2 T4 T6 T8 T10 T12 T14 T16 T18 T20
Control: rho=0.95, p<2.2x10-16
High: rho=0.93, p=1.3x10-14
Drift: rho=0.93, p=7.9x10-15
(Spearman Rank Correlation)
Were chlorophyll a levels different between the treatments?
What populations were present? Were they different between CO2 levels?
Flow cytometry
fluorophore
light
fluorophore
emits light
FCM diagram courtesy of MUSC Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology
FL2-H (phycoerithrin, phycocyanin)
FL3-H(chlorophyll)
FSC-H(size)
SSC-H(complexity)
Cyanobacteria (0.5 – 2 microns)
Nanoplankton (2 – 5 microns)
Large phytoplankton (5+ microns)
Control (bag 1) High (bag 2) Drift (bag 3)
Day 2
Day 14
Day 21
2 6 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800Different FCM gated communities through time
synCsynHsynDeukC
Time (days)
Cel
l cou
nts
(ce
lls
ml-
1 ) Control and drift: p=0.001
Control and high: p=0.02Drift and high: p=0.35
(Kruskal-Willis Test)
2 6 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Different FCM gated communities through time
synCsynHsynDnanoCnanoHnanoDeukC
Time (days)
Cel
l cou
nts
(ce
lls
ml-
1 ) Control and drift: p=0.003
Control and high: p<0.001Drift and high: p=0.003
(Kruskal-Willis Test)
2 6 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Different FCM gated communities through time
synCsynHsynDnanoCnanoHnanoDeukCeukHeukD
Time (days)
Cel
l cou
nts
(ce
lls
ml-
1 )
Chi-squared: 1.35p=0.51
(Kruskal-Willis Test)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Control treatment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
High treatment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Drift treatment
Blue = small phytoplankton (<2 microns)
Red = nanoplankton (2-5 microns)
Green = large phyoplankton (>5 microns)
T2 T6 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T2 T6 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T2 T6 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21
T2 T6 T12 T14 T16 T18 T200
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
Bacterial, nanoplankton, and larger phytoplankton cell counts over time
FCM controlFCM highFCM driftphytoplank-ton controlbacteria control
Time (days)
Ph
ytop
lan
kto
n a
nd
FC
M c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Bac
teri
al c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
T2 T6 T12 T14 T16 T18 T200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000Bacterial, nanoplankton, and larger phytoplankton cell counts over time
FCM control
FCM high
FCM drift
phytoplankton control
phytoplankton high
phytoplankton drift
bacteria control
Time (days)
Ph
ytop
lan
kto
n a
nd
FC
M c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Bac
teri
al c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
T2 T6 T12 T14 T16 T18 T200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
Bacterial, nanoplankton, and larger phytoplankton cell counts over time
FCM control
FCM high
FCM drift
phytoplankton control
phytoplankton high
phytoplankton drift
bacteria control
bacteria high
bacteria drift
Time (days)
Ph
ytop
lan
kto
n a
nd
FC
M c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Bac
teri
al c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
T2 T6 T12 T14 T16 T18 T200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
Bacterial, nanoplankton, and larger phytoplankton cell counts over time
Time (days)
Ph
ytop
lan
kto
n a
nd
FC
M c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Bac
teri
al c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
T2 T6 T12 T14 T16 T18 T200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
Bacterial, nanoplankton, and larger phytoplankton cell counts over time
Time (days)
Ph
ytop
lan
kto
n a
nd
FC
M c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Bac
teri
al c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
T2 T6 T12 T14 T16 T18 T200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
Bacterial, nanoplankton, and larger phytoplankton cell counts over time
Time (days)
Ph
ytop
lan
kto
n a
nd
FC
M c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Bac
teri
al c
oun
ts (
cell
s m
l-1
)
Conclusion
• Distinct phytoplankton size classes present
Conclusion
• Shifts in population through time
• Distinct phytoplankton size classes present
Conclusion
• Increasing number of large phytoplankton as the experiment progresses
• Distinct phytoplankton size classes present
• Shifts in population through time
Acknowledgements
James Murray Kelsey Gaessner
Robin Kodner Mike Foy
Ocean Acidification Research ApprenticesFriday Harbor Labs
Shannon Point Marine CenterUW Department of Biology
Educational Foundation of AmericaNational Science Foundation
0 5 10 15 20 250.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
1600.0
Chlorophyll and pCO2 through time
control (chl)
drift (chl)
high (chl)
control (pCO2)
high (pCO2)
drift (pCO2)Time (days)
Ch
loro
ph
yll (
ugL
-1 )
pC
O2
(u
atm
)
0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Chlorophyll and O2 through time
Time (days)
Ch
loro
ph
yll (
ugL
-1)
O2
(u
mol
kg-
1 )