CHM 3240 – BiochemistryInstructor - Paul Stein S3305 phone = 6065 email = pstein@css.edu Meeting Times - MWF 9:15 - 10:20 - S2316Office Hours: MWF 1:00-2:15, T 10:00-11:00, R 1:00-2:00 Please feel free to make an appointment or drop in at any time.

Title: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Authors: Nelson and Cox

iClickers requiredDaily 3 point quizzes

General Education - Fine Arts – and Biochemistry

Draw structural formulas for the following: draw all bonds except those to H atoms.

e.g. Ethanol = CH3 – CH2 - OH

methylamine

acetic acid

An ester formed from two compounds above

An amide formed from two compounds above

Acetaldehyde or ethanal

acetone (dimethylketone)

Draw structural formulas for the following: draw all bonds except those to H atoms.

e.g. Ethanol = CH3 – CH2 - OH

methylamine

acetic acid

An ester formed from two compounds above

An amide formed from two compounds above

Acetaldehyde or ethanal

acetone (dimethylketone)

CH3 – NH2

O ||

CH3 – C-O-CH2-CH3

O ||

CH3 – C-HO ||

CH3 – C – CH3

O ||

CH3 – C-NH-CH3

Macromolecules

Carbohydrate ― polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones sugars: monosaccharides & disaccharides e.g. glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose polysaccharides: e.g. starch, glycogen, cellulose

Lipids ― soluble in nonpolar solvents fatty acid esters ― steroids ― prostaglandins ― leukotrienes Protein ― functional polymers of amino acids enzymes ― transporters/receptors ― immunoglobulins etc.

Nucleic Acid ― polymers of nucleotides DNA – genetic material that encodes information for cell’s proteins RNA- conversion of DNA information into protein may also function as regulators of gene expression & catalysts

Macromolecule Functions

Structure ― Make up the substance used to construct cells and the extracellular matrix of organs

Energy ― Serves as the fuel for cellular metabolism Digestion of macromolecules followed by the oxidation of the molecular units of macromolecules provides cellular energy.

Communication ― molecules inform and direct the regulation of cellular processes. Examples include: nerve transmission,

regulation of gene expression, regulation of metabolism, cell-cell interactions etc.

Molecule →Function

↓Carbohydarate Lipid Protein

Structure

Plant cell wallsCellulose

Extracellular matrix

Chondroitin sulfate

Cell MembranesPhosphoglycerides

Lipid Bipalyer

Fibrous proteins

CollagenSkin, bone, etc.

Wool - silk

EnergyStarch/Glycogen

Sugars: e.g.Glucose &

fructose

Fat/OilsTriglycerides

Dietary proteindairy – caseinSeed storage

proteinsMuscle fiber

CommunicationGlycoproteinsCell signaling

Blood type

Steroid hormonesLeukotrienes

Immune response

Protein/peptide hormonesReceptors

Macromolecule Functions

Energy ― Serves as the fuel for cellular metabolism

Nutrition Labels

Total Fat - saturated - trans - cholesterol

Total Carbohydrate ― starch and sugars dietary fibers ― mostly cellulose (undigestible)

Protein

Na, Ca, Fe, Vitamins A & C

Good Bad Indifferent

saturated fattrans fat cholesterolsugarsfiberNaCaFeVit. AVit. C

Nutrition Labels – peanut butter

Serving size: 2Tbs (32g) (35 servings per container)

Calories 190: calories from fat 130

Total fat 16g (25%) saturated fat 3g (16%) trans fat 0g cholesterol 0mg (0%)

Sodium 110mg (5%)

Total carbohydrate 7g (2%) dietary fiber 2g (12%) sugars 3g

Protein 7g (3%)

vitamin A 0% vitamin C 0%calcium 0% iron 4%

CaloriesFat ~ 9 Cal/g

Carbohydrate & Protein ~ 4 Cal/g

Body Mass Index - BMI

wt in lbs ht2 in in2 730

wt in kg ht2 in cm2 10,000

1 kg = 2.23 lbs. & 1 in = 2.54 cm

underweight < 18.5normal 18.5 – 24.9overweight 25.0 – 29.9obese > 30.0

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)Men = 66 + 13.7 wt (kg) + 5 ht (cm) – 6.6 age (yrs)

Women = 655 + 9.6 wt (kg) + 1.8 ht (cm) – 4.7 age (yrs)

add 30% for ordinary activityadd 50% for regular exercise

Polymers of Amino Acids

PROTEINS

Protein sequenceYMGCFTSSGLIVVEHY...

Structure

Function

DNA (gene)

mRNA