cholesterol? what is this?
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Cholesterol? What is This?. X. What is Cholesterol?. Cholesterol is a fat found only in animals Important for life: Structure Human Body (cells) for growth, reproduction & vit D But the excess in blood can be fatal!. Where do we find the Cholesterol?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cholesterol? What is This?
Cholesterol? What is This?
X
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What is Cholesterol?What is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a fat found only in animals
Important for life:Structure Human Body(cells) for growth, reproduction & vit D
But the excess in blood can be fatal!
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Where do we find the Cholesterol?Where do we find the Cholesterol?
Sources of CholesterolMade in the body: primarily by the liver
Food:Animal foods that have cholesterol:Red meat, butter, cheese, poultry skin
Intestine
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LDL X HDLLDL X HDL
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Good and bad cholesterolGood and bad cholesterol
Water (blood) and fat (cholesterol) do not mix Cholesterol is transported in the blood to organs and
lipoproteins by the liver LDL-C (bad cholesterol) at high levels can adhere to the wall of
the arteries hindering the passage of blood and clog the arteries and cause atherosclerosis mainly in the heart
HDL-C (good) cholesterol is the cholesterol that helps remove LDL cholesterol from the body.
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Cholesterol - Silent EnemyCholesterol - Silent Enemy
Normally the High Cholesterol? Causes no symptoms in most? Persons.
High cholesterol levels for? Long resulting in atherosclerosis? Disease (arteries) leading to? Infarction and stroke.
In some people high cholesterol produces some signals called xanthomas and xanthelasma.
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TriglicéridesTriglicérides
Are an important energy reserve of the body. Are fats in the blood that rise
after eating fatty foods. Their increased levels are also
harmful and with LDL-C increase, the risk of coronary heart disease.
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Leading causes of death worldwideLeading causes of death worldwide
+
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What is Atherosclerosis?What is Atherosclerosis?
It is the deposit of fat in artery walls, which over time leads to the formation of a plate which hinders the passage of blood, maylead to a blockage in place.
This blockage leads to a decrease inblood flow to organswith serious consequences forthe heart and the brain.
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Consequences of AtherosclerosisConsequences of Atherosclerosis
Heart: Angina: Chest pain due to lack of blood and oxygen Infarction: Death of a piece of the heart muscle,
a complete lack of circulation and oxygenationon site
Brain: Stroke or ischemic stroke: Death of part of the fabric or
complete lack of brain circulation and oxygenation in place. Stroke or hemorrhagic stroke: In the place where the atherosclerotic plaque
rupture may occur in cerebral vessel, causing the interruption of blood flow and brain tissues leading to death .
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Atherosclerosis is a disease that has many causes and begins in childhoodAtherosclerosis is a disease that has many causes and begins in childhood
Atherosclerosis begins in childhood and often will manifest after age of 55 in men and 65 in women, however, may begin before!
• LDL (bad cholesterol high) HDL (good cholesterol low) Older sedentary
• smoke high pressure diabetes obesity
Factors that assist indevelopment of atherosclerosis
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The sum of the risk factors multiply the risk of Coronary Heart Disease
The sum of the risk factors multiply the risk of Coronary Heart Disease
200
Inci
den
ce o
f C
HD
per
100
0 p
eop
le
160
120
80
60
0
USA - 1984
Risk Factors:- Smoke- High Cholesterol- Hypertension
no a factor two factors All? Three factors
6 Xmore
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Why control factors? Risk?Why control factors? Risk?
Controlling Cholesterol = - 33% risk of heart attack - 25% risk of death - 20% risk of stroke.
Control blood pressure = -15% risk of heart attack - 42% stroke risk
Quitting smoking = - 50% risk of heart attack - 70% risk of death.
Losing weight and exercising =- 25% risk of diabetes
Important: who hasdiabetes presents a riskabout 4 times more likely to die ofcardiovascular diseases.
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Progression and Impact of Cardiovascular Disease
Progression and Impact of Cardiovascular Disease
Angina myocardialinfarction
hypertrophyventricular
left
failureheart
Clinical consequences:
AVC failurerenal
diseasevascular
peripheral
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It is possible to adequately prevent atherosclerosis?
It is possible to adequately prevent atherosclerosis?
To prevent atherosclerosis? Need to identify who is at risk of having this disease.
This is very easy, just a consultation with the doctor,
By patient history and physical examination and simple blood tests can make a diagnosis and to assess the risk of atherosclerosis
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Who is at risk for heart attack and death from heart disease?
Who is at risk for heart attack and death from heart disease?
Anyone who has had a stroke, obstructions of
the arteries in the legs or the aortaWho are diabeticWho has high cholesterolAnyone who has had a heart attack, angina, did
surgery bypass grafting or angioplastyWho is familiar with infarction or sudden death Sedentary, obese, smoker
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Why is it important to reduce? High Cholesterol
Why is it important to reduce? High Cholesterol
10%reduction
10%reduction
15%reduction
DAC
15%reduction
DAC
11%reductionmortality
11%reductionmortality
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Treatment goalsTreatment goals
Prevent Coronary Artery Disease Prevent mortality Prevent complications: Infarction, stroke, impotence,? Angina (chest pain) Improve the quality of life. Seeing grandchildren grow.
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Reference Values ? Cholesterol and Triglycerides? For Adults
Reference Values ? Cholesterol and Triglycerides? For Adults
DesirableDesirable
C - TotalC - Total < 200< 200
LDL-CLDL-C < 130< 130
HDL-CHDL-C ³³ 40 40
TGTG < 150< 150
• If Diabetes: LDL-C <100 and HDL> 45
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Ways to Fight High CholesterolWays to Fight High Cholesterol
Change in eating habits Diet low in fat
Against smoking Stop smoking
physical exercises daily
Change in Lifestyle
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- lean meats Birds and fish Nonfat dairy products Egg whites Vegetable oils: soybean Beans, lentils, chickpeas, spaghetti Fresh fruits and vegetables natural juices
PREFER
- fatty meats Kidney, liver sausage, bacon Milk and creamy cheeses Foods with eggs Pig fat, coconut and butter Creams and egg pasta sodas
AVOID
Ways to Fight High CholesterolWays to Fight High Cholesterol
Feeding
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Ways to Fight High CholesterolWays to Fight High Cholesterol
statins fibrates
Treatment with drugs
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Medications to decrease? Cholesterol
Medications to decrease? Cholesterol
Medicines called statins is one ofmain weapons against atherosclerosis.
Are effective and safe in reducing theLDL cholesterol.
The use of statins reduces the risk of heart attack,stroke, death and the need for surgeryHeart angioplasty and about 30%.
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Drugs against cholesterol If not using right no gain
Drugs against cholesterol If not using right no gain
Controlling Cholesterol and the pressure is a long-term task.
In most cases, the medicine is for the rest of their lives
If you stop the medication levels may have risen again.
The benefits of treatment are long-term and whether the drugs are suspended there will be no benefit
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How to achieve the benefits?How to achieve the benefits?
Improving nutrition
Losing 5-10% of the weight, if
overweight.
Stopping smoking
Practicing physical exercise at least
4x a week
Controlling the pressure
Controlling Cholesterol
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The risk of heart disease is increasing
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The risk of heart disease is increasing
The risk of heart disease is increasing
Although the causes are known, and the need of prevention, but unfortunately the risk of heart diseases has increased.
This is linked to lack of control of risk factors, awareness of changes in lifestyle and adherence to prescribed treatments.
Awareness, identifying people at risk and adherence to treatment are solution to this problem.
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The doctor is your best friendThe doctor is your best friend
It is essential to follow all the guidelines of the doctor and the staff involved in your treatment
Do not miss the appointments Do not stop or change treatment? Without the knowledge of the
physician Do not take medication or use forms? The doctor is always the person qualified?
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THANK YOU