chordates an introduction
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Chordates An Introduction. Kingdom Animalia - All inverts & verts Phylum Chordata : All have nerve cords . 3 subphyla : A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Kingdom Animalia- All inverts & verts
1. Phylum Chordata: All have nerve cords. 3 subphyla :
A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord
B-Cephalochordata (lancelets aka Amphioxus). Retain notochord throughout adulthood, but “muscle- like” for burrowing
C-Vertebrata- Notochord becomes backbone. 7 Classes
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Section 33-1
have the followingkey features
which is
Concept MapChordates
A flexiblesupportingstructure
Notochord Dorsal hollownerve cord
Pharyngealgill slits/ pouches
Postanal tail
Section 30-1
Muscle segments
Tail Anus
Pharyngeal pouches
Mouth
Hollownerve cord
Notochord
The Generalized Structure of a Chordate:
We even start out this way in the womb!
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Chordates
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Phylum Chordata
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Phylum Chordata• Notochord• Gill slits or
pharyngeal pouches
• Dorsal hollow nerve cord
• Postanal tail• Segmented
muscles• Deuterostome
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Evolutionary Adaptations of Chordates
• From filter feeding ancestors to active predators– Mobility– Oxygen capture– Digestion– Circulation– Nervous system
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Skeletal Changes• Skeleton becomes
stronger to work with bigger muscles
• Allows more rapid movement
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Oxygen Capture• Gill slit and muscular
pharynx will move more water over gills– More oxygen is extracted
from water
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Circulation• Stronger heart to
circulate blood faster
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Digestion• Digest more food
– Muscularized gut – Digestive glands
• Liver• Pancreas
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Nervous System• More complex for better
– Motor control of body to capture food
– Sensory detection of the animals environment
– Integration centers (brain)
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Brain With Three Parts
ForebrainMidbrainHindbrain
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Section 33-1
Nonvertebrate chordatesJawless fishesCartilaginous fishesBony fishesAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals
Figure 33–2 A Cladogram of Chordates
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Checkpoint
1. What are the 4 traits that chordates display at some point in their lives?
2. Give 5 examples of Adaptations that allow animals to seek, pursue, and capture prey.
3. Are all vertebrates also chordates?4. Are all chordates also vertebrates?
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MammalsBirds
ReptilesAmphibians
Fishes
Nonvertebratechordates
Invertebrate ancestor
Chordate Cladogram
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Section 33-1
Fishes(47%)
Nonvertebrate chordates(4%)
Mammals(8%)
Birds(18%)
Reptiles(14%)
Amphibians(9%)
Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates
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Chordate SubphylaPhylum. Chordata
Subphylum. UrochordataSubphylum. CephalochordataSubphylum. Vertebrata
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Sea Squirts
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Subphylum Urochordata• Sea squirts (aka tunicate)• Gill slits (pharyngeal slits)• Notochord
– Only in larva• Adult has tunic- made of
cellulose, sessile• http://www.arkive.org/star-a
scidian/botryllus-schlosseri/• http://finstofeet.wordpress.c
om/2010/03/14/1-2-behold-the-tunicates/
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Subphylum Cephalochordata• Amphioxus (lancelets)• Notochord length of
body• Dorsal hollow nerve
cord• Gill slits• Segmented muscles• Maintain all chordate
characteristics as adult
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Amphioxus
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Amphioxus
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Subphylum Vertebrata: All Vertebrates have:
• Endoskeleton- backbone• Closed circulatory system• Bilateral symmetry• True coelom• Sexual reproduction- internal or external
Vertebrate Groups- Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals
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Homeostasis
• Endothermic (warm-blooded)- internal temp. regulation that must be maintained
Ex. Birds & Mammals
• Ectothermic (cold-blooded)- external temp. regulation/ regulated by environment
Ex. Nonvertebrate chordates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles
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Section 33-2
Environmental Temperature (°C)
Bod
y Te
mpe
ratu
re (°
C)
Temperature Control in Chordates
98.6 F- avg human temp
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Animal Group Endo/ectotherm Behavior/structure
Fish Ectotherm Swim bladder:Cold/move upHot/move down
Amphibian Ectotherm Cool/go in sunHot/go to water
Reptile Ectotherm Cool/baskHot/go to water
Birds Endotherm Cool/fluff featherHot/raise wings
Mammals Endotherm Sweat, pant, shiver
How vertebrates maintain their temperature
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Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataClass Agnatha “Jawless” Fish (most primitive): Traits:-Sucker like mouth(no jaws)-No fins or paired appendages-Cartilage skeleton w/ notochordEx: lamprey & hagfish
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Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum Chordata
Subphylum VertebrataClass Chondrichthyes-Cartilage Fish
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Class: ChondricthyesTraits:• Cartilage skeleton; 2 chambered heart• Lateral line system –detect vibrations
(movement & sense)• Electroreception- ampullae of Lorenzini• Paired appendages- pectoral and pelvic girdles• Poor eyesight, great olfactory• Carnivorous or scavenger, no swim bladder • Ex: sharks, skates, rays
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http://missbakersbiologyclass.com/blog/2009/04/06/dogfish-shark-dissection-includes-video/
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTM0K6tEIoA
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Fish Scales
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Fish Tail Cladogram
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Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass Osteichthyes-Bony FishTraits:Bony skeleton; 2 chambered heartLateral line system/movement &
senseSwim bladder-control depth
(buoyancy)Have operculum over gillsGood smell (olfactory) and eyesightEx: perch, bass, flounder
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNZQEmGp11k