chris gross

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Eskom Develops UCGEskom Develops UCG

Technology ProjectTechnology Project

Chris GrossChris GrossMark Van der Riet

21st

June 2007Houston, USA



SOUTH AFRICAN COAL



Gas turbine

0.04%

Nuclear

5.10%Pumped storage

1.30%

Hydro

0.52%

Coal

93.05%

Eskom Generated Electricity

2006 : 221216 GWh Net



E s k o m

U C G



ESKOM UNDERGROUND COAL

GASIFICATION PILOT PROJECT



Rationale for Eskom’s stakeholding

• Opens an opportunity for more rapid deployment ofnew capacity

• Showcases a cleaner coal technology plant• Introduces potential CDM credits

• Allows more efficienct utilisation of coal resources

• Creates a potential for a new petrochemical entity• Extends RSA coal reserves, by opening up presently

“unminable” resources, which have a broadergeographic availability that at present.



Existing plant – age

Eskom's Installed profile

WilgeTaaibos Salt RiverHighveld

KomatiIngagane

CamdenGrootvlei

Hendrina

Arnot

HF Verwoerd

Kriel

Acacia

Port Rex

Vanderkloof

Matla

Duvha

Drakensberg

Koeberg

Tutuka

Lethabo

Matimba

Palmiet

Kendal

Majuba 1-3Zesco

Cahora Bassa

Camden

Majuba 4-6Komati

Grootvlei

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Year

M e g a w a t t I n s

t a l l e d

55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Dashed line = Approved peak demand + 20% Reserve Margin

Now

Most stations at mid life refurbishment point.



Long-term energy forecast

Capacity outlook 2005 to 2024

Build base-load plants

Build open cycle gas turbine plants (peaking)

Build pumped storage plants (peaking)

Return to service (mothballed plants)

Existing system (Eskom and non-Eskom)

Total capacity required to maintain 15% net reserve marginon moderate forecast

Moderate peak demand after demand-side management

Forecast moderate national peak demand before demandside management

Total imports (firm capacity from Cahora Bassa)

Maximum demand Based on a 6% GDP growth, a high 4,4%growth scenario in demand for electricity before demand-sidemanagement



UCG-IGCC Comparative Emissions

Ref : Australian ACARP LCA study, Case Study B20, June 2002

The only cleaner coal-based technology is the proposed ultra-supercritical PF

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Conv PF Super PF Conv IGCC UCG-IGCC Nat Gas CC

C O

2 k g / M W h n e t

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

N O x / S O x / P

a r t i c u l a t e s k g / M

W h n e t

CO2 NOx SOx Particulates



Resource Utilisation Efficiency

Mining Efficiency

0% 100%

ThermalEfficiency

33New Ultra-supercritical or Conventional IGCC with Longwall U/G Mine

33% of coal resource utilised

Mining Efficiency

0% 100%95

Chemical Efficiency

71

Thermal Efficiency

36

UCG-IGCC

36% of coal resource utilised

66

0% 100%5025

CCGT with CBM

0.5% of resource utilised

13

ThermalEfficiency Extraction

Efficiency








“unminable” resources, which have a broadergeographic availability than at present.



• UCG technology potential noted - April 2001• Ergo Exergy Technologies Inc. (Canada) contracted in• Scoping study - Nov 2002, highlighted potential at Majuba

colliery• Pre-feasibility study - Dec 2003, confirmed Majuba

potential• Detailed site characterisation study - July 2005, confirmed

the potential

• 20th January 2007 – Eskom commissioned a 3000 Nm3 /hpilot plant on Majuba coalfield

• 31st May 2007 – first electricity generated from UCG gas

at Majuba

Eskom’s UCG Routemap

Events since Zeus UCG Workshop 2006



Eskom UCG Research Site

Production Area

Inner Water Sampling Zone

Outer Water Sampling Zone

Directional Hole

Research Zone

N

Production Area

Inner Water Sampling Zone

Outer Water Sampling Zone

Directional Hole

Research Zone

N



Majuba UCG flare – 20 Jan 2007



100 kWe generator starting up on UCG gas

• The first electricity fromMajuba UCG gas wasgenerated at 15:00 on 31st

May 2007. This marks the firstnew electricity generation fromUCG gas since 1958, inAngren, Uzbekistan.

• The 100 kWe diesel enginegenerator has been convertedto run on a maximum of 80%UCG gas, with 20% diesel.

The diesel is required tolubricate the engine internals.

Majuba UCG electricity – 31 May 2007



• Geological setting – dolorites & schedule impact

• Insufficient geological & hydrogeological exploration

data• Unique products, due to unique coal and geological

setting

•

Equipment leadtimes• Cost escalation & time creep

• Lengthly analytical service setup

•

Surface plant technical difficulties and maintenance• Energy efficiency (specifically diesel)

UCG Pilot Plant Challenges

NOTE : The UCG process has remained robust throughout



• Accelerating process development• Optimising the pilot plant operations• Developing co-firing with coal into Majuba Power

Station boilers• Skills development & technology transfer• Optimising, planning, detailed engineering & costing

of the next phases• Research into challenges :

• Dolorites & drilling problems• Coal seam drying• Well linkage• Environmental impacts• Heat & mass balances• Materials

Present UCG Activities



Dolorite Intrusions



ESKOM UNDERGROUND COALGASIFICATION COMMERCIALISATION



Eskom UCG Development Path

Phase 1B70,000 Nm3/h28 MWe cofire

Phase 2125,000 Nm3/h25 MWe cofire

Phase 1A-13,000 Nm3/h6 MWth flare

Phase 4630,000 Nm3/h350 MWe IGCC

Phase 3625,000 Nm3/h250 MWe cofire

Commercial3,700,000 Nm3/h2100 MWe IGCC

EIA

Engineering & Investment Procurement

Construction

Timescale 01/2007 05/2008 12/2008 12/2010 08/2011

RD&D

Comm



Co-firing & 350 MW UCG-CCGT

Compressor Plant450 000 Nm3/h Air

Majuba P/S

350 MWe IGCC

UCG Module125,000 Nm3/h Gas





Gas TreatmentPlant & Flare

630,000 Nm3/h Gas

GasCompressors

2 x 315 000 Nm3/hGas

Final GasTreatment - GT

630,000 Nm3/h Gas

Fuel Solution

Capacity Solution



Thank You & Acknowledgements

• Eskom Resources & Strategy - ERID• Eskom Generation - Primary Energy & Technology• Majuba Power Station• UCG Team

• EON Consulting Servies• Ergo Exergy Inc.• Specialist consultants

chris gross

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