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Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt SOLAR HYDROGEN: Photoelectrochemical Reactor Design

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Page 1: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

Christopher CarverDr Klaus Hellgardt

SOLAR HYDROGEN: Photoelectrochemical Reactor Design

Page 2: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

INTRODUCTION

Page 3: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

SMR3

tC/tH2

Elec-trol-ysis

8 tC/tH2

Other

Page 4: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

Benefits

Fossil fuel reliance

Green house gases

Abundant resources

Durable & low maintenance

Energy security

Page 5: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

H2 O2

Page 6: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

H2 O2

Page 7: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

PHOTO-ANODE

CATHODE

H2

O2

240mm

210mm

70mm

100mm 100mm

Page 8: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

1.23 eV

0.6 eV

0.4 eV

0.1 eV

Theoretical water decomposition energy

Eg = 2.3 eVTh

eore

tical

Ove

rpot

entia

l

Reco

mbi

natio

n

Page 9: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

Design flexible test-bed reactor

- 10 x 10cm photoanode

- Photon absorption

- Quantum efficiency

- High mass transfer rate coefficients

- Separate hydrogen and oxygen

Hydrogen production

experiments

- Semiconductor material

- Electrode configuration

Page 10: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

WORK TO DATE

Page 11: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

Good absorptionStable in alkaliRecombination

Stable in acid/alkaliUV absorption only

Good efficiencyStable in acid

Fe2O3

TiO2 WO3

titanium PVDF

Page 12: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

quartz

Page 13: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

Butler-Volmer equation

Curr

ent d

ensi

ty (A

/m2 )

Overpotential (V)

Kinetic control

Transport control

Increasing mass transport rate

Page 14: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

PHOTO-ANODE

CATHODE

Page 15: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security
Page 16: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security
Page 17: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security
Page 18: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

FUTURE WORK

Page 19: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

PHOTOANODE

PHOTOANODE

LIGHT

quartz window

membrane

cathode

electrolyte

Page 20: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

Set Up Reactor

Electrical connections

Hydrogen extraction system

Evaluate reactor design

Experiments

Semiconductors / electrolyte

Electrode configuration

Multiple electrodes

Temperature

Analyse Results

Quantify H2 production

Optimise reactor design

Deliver

report

Page 21: Christopher Carver Dr Klaus Hellgardt. Benefits Fossil fuel reliance Green house gases Abundant resources Durable & low maintenance Energy security

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?