christopher h pentland, stefan iglauer, yukie tanino, rehab el-magrahby, saleh k al mansoori, puneet...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic, Martin J Blunt
Capillary trapping - Experiments and Correlations
![Page 2: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Outline
Outline
1. Motivation• Why are we investigating capillary trapping – don’t we know about this already?
2. Experimental Approach & Results• Sandpack experiments
• Coreflood experiments
• Micro-CT scanning
3. Future Work• Reservoir condition experiments
![Page 3: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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Motivation - Trapping Equations
Equation 1 Land, 1968
Equation 2 Jerauld, 1997
Equation 3 Ma & Youngren, 1994
Equation 4 Kleppe et al., 1997
Equation 5 Aissaoui, 1983
Equation 6 Spiteri et al., 2005
**
*1gi
grgi
SS
C S
*max
11
gr
CS
where
*max
**
1 1*max *1 1 1 gr
gigr S
gr gi
SS
S S
**
*1
gigr
bgi
SS
a S
maxmax
gigr gr
gi
SS S
S
2or oi oiS S S
![Page 4: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Motivation - Trapping Equations
0.0
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0.2
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0.4
0.5
0.6
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
S(nw)i
S(n
w)r
Land Equation
Aissaoui Equation
Jerauld Equation
Kleppe Equation
Spiteri Equation
Ma Equation
![Page 5: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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Motivation - Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
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Motivation –CCS Subsurface Trapping Mechanisms
Carbon Storage - How can you be sure that the CO2 stays underground?
• Dissolution CO2 dissolves in water (p, T, salinity of brine) – 1,000-year timescales
denser CO2-rich brine sinks
• Chemical reaction
acid formed carbonate precipitation – 103 – 109 years • Structural & Stratigraphic Trapping Trapping by impermeable cap rocks
• Capillary Trapping rapid (decades): CO2 as pore-scale
bubbles surrounded by water.
Process can be designed: SPE 115663 Qi et al.
host rock
![Page 7: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Motivation – CCS Pilot Projects
Source: The Bellona Foundation (www.bellona.org/ccs)
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Motivation – CCS Pilot Projects
1. Spectra, Canada 2003 (190.00 Kt/y)2. Fenn Big Valley, Canada 1998 (17.32 Kt/y)3. Weyburn, Canada 2000 (1.80 Mt/y)4. Salt Creek, USA 2006 (2.09 Mt/y)5. Snøhvit, Norway 2008 (665.00 Kt/y)6. Sleipner, Norway 1996 (1.01 Mt/y)7. Schwarze Pumpe, Germany 2008 (100.00 Kt/y)8. In Salah, Algeria 2004 (1.21 Mt/y)9. Otway, Australia 2008 (104.72 Kt/y)
1
2 3
4
5
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8
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Source: The Bellona Foundation (www.bellona.org/ccs)
![Page 9: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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EXPERIMENTS1. Sandpack flooding experiments
• Ambient condition – octane/brine
2. Consolidated coreflood experiments• Sandstones – octane/brine• Carbonates – octane/brine
3. Micro-CT imaging• dry samples• octane//brine • scCO2/brine
4. Reservoir condition coreflood experiments• Sandstones – octane/brine• Carbonates – octane/brine• Sandstones – scCO2/brine• Carbonates – scCO2/brine
COMPLETED
UNDERWAYUNDERWAY
UNDERWAYUNDERWAYPLANNING STAGE
UNDERWAY PLANNING STAGE PLANNING STAGE PLANNING STAGE
![Page 10: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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Experiments - Sandpacks
Simple, elegant initial investigation of capillary trapping• Ambient conditions• Octane/brine• Air/brine• High poro perm system (37% porosity; 32D permeability)• Representative flow rates (Ncap ~ 10-7)
SPE 115697
![Page 11: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
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Experiments - Ambient Consolidated Coreflood (ongoing)
Representative consolidated core plug samples• Sandstones & carbonates• Octane/brine• Range of rock properties studied (e.g. porosity from 12% to 21%)• Representative flow rates (Ncap ~ 10-7)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Soi (%)
So
r (%
)
Doddington Stainton St. Bees• Doddington sandstone:
» 21% porosity» 2D air perm
• Stainton sandstone:» 17% porosity» 50mD air perm
• St. Bees sandstone:» 20% porosity» 250mD air perm
• More samples under investigation (Berea etc)
![Page 12: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
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Experiments - Residual saturation as a function of porosity
Investigate link between rock properties and capillary trapping• Porosity• Permeability• Aspect ratio• Connectivity• Pore size distribution
![Page 13: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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Experiments - Residual oil saturations as porosity functions
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
porosity
resi
dual
oil
sat
urat
ion
measurements
quadratic fit
logarithmic fit
exponential
0
0.1
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0.9
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
porosity
resi
dual
oil
sat
urat
ion
measurements
quadratic fit
logarithmic fit
exponential
our databest least square fit: quadratic (R = 0.9876)0.9043 – 3.7628 Ф + 4.3837 Ф2
all databest least square fit: logarithmic (R = 0.8888)-0.3025 ln(Ф) - 0.1365
SPE 120960
![Page 14: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
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Experiments - Capillary trapping capacity as porosity functions
0
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
porosity
Cap
illa
ry tr
appi
ng c
apac
ity
.
exponential
quadratic
logarithmic
measurements
0
0.01
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0.05
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0.1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45
porosityC
apil
lary
trap
ping
cap
acit
y .
exponential
quadratic
logarithmic
measurements
our databest least square fit: quadratic (R = 0.8525)0.9043 Ф – 3.7628 Ф2 + 4.3837 Ф3
all databest least square fit: logarithmic (R = 0.4432)Ф(-0.3025 ln(Ф) - 0.1365)
Source: Iglauer et al., 2009 (SPE 120960)
Capillary Trapping Capacity = ϕ S(nw)r
SPE 120960
![Page 15: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
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Experiments - Micro-CT Imaging
• Small diameter samples allow for pore space to be imaged (sandstones)
• Displacement experiments have been performed (oil/water) and phase configuration visualised on the pore scale.
![Page 16: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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Micro-CT Imaging – 2D slice
![Page 17: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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Micro-CT Imaging – Doddington Sandstone
a b
c d
A. Segmented 2D image
B. Segemented 3D image - rock removed (300x300 voxels; 2.7mmx2.7mm)
C. Residual oil topology of a 30 slice stack
D. Brine topology of a 30 slice stack
Porosity = 21%
Perm = 1.5D
Sor = 32.9%
![Page 18: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Micro-CT Imaging – Berea Sandstone
a b
c d
A. Segmented 2D image
B. Segemented 3D image - rock removed (300x300 voxels; 2.7mmx2.7mm)
C. Residual oil topology of a 30 slice stack
D. Brine topology of a 30 slice stack
Porosity = 18%
Perm = 300mD
Sor = 38%
![Page 19: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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Micro-CT Imaging – Clashach Sandstone
a b
c d
A. Segmented 2D image
B. Segemented 3D image - rock removed (300x300 voxels; 2.7mmx2.7mm)
C. Residual oil topology of a 30 slice stack
D. Brine topology of a 30 slice stack
Porosity = 13%
Perm = 9mD
Sor = 45%
![Page 20: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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Network Modelling
Valvatne et al., 2004 (Transport in Porous Media)
www3.imperial.ac.uk/earthscienceandengineering/research/perm/porescalemodelling
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FUTURE WORK
![Page 22: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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Background – CO2 Properties
Copyright © 1999 ChemicLogic Corporation, 99 South Bedford Street, Suite 207, Burlington, MA 01803 USA
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JOGMEC Collaboration
![Page 24: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
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JOGMEC Collaboration - Drainage
• Drainage front imaged by CT scans. Maximum initial scCO2 saturation determined.
![Page 25: Christopher H Pentland, Stefan Iglauer, Yukie Tanino, Rehab El-Magrahby, Saleh K Al Mansoori, Puneet Sharma, Endurance Itsekiri, Paul Gittins, Branko Bijeljic,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697c00e1a28abf838cc9c78/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
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JOGMEC Collaboration – Secondary Imbibition
• Secondary imbibition front imaged by CT scans. Residual scCO2 saturation determined.
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Wet scCO2 injection
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0 20 40 60 80
Position, mm
Sw
0
0.2129
0.3193
0.4258
0.5322
0.6386
0.8456
0.9521
1.2359
2.2412
3.2465
4.2517
JOGMEC Collaboration - Results
• Drainage front saturations calculated from CT numbers. Sw decreasing.
• 1-Sw = Snwi = 33%
• Imbibition front saturations calculated from CT numbers. Sw increasing.
• 1-Sw = Snw,r = 26% (1PV)
• 1-Sw = Snw,r = 20% (3PV) Dissolution?
Water flood
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
0 20 40 60 80
position
Sw
4.2517
0
0.020591341
0.041182682
0.061774023
0.082365364
0.102956705
0.144139388
0.19561774
0.298574446
0.401531151
0.453009504
0.504487856
0.607444562
0.706282999
1.00279831
3.000158395
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Future Work – Where next?
• How does the capillary trapping curve look for supercritical CO2-brine systems?
•Problems to overcome:• Corrosion – special consideration for wetted parts• Will scCO2 be wetting – impact on the use of porous plates?• Mixing of scCO2 and brine
Brin
e
expelle
d
scCO
2
inje
cted
CO
2
Sat.
Length
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Acknowledgements