chronic effects of zno nanoparticles to eisenia...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDA
Chamila Samarasinghe
10/09/2019
The University of Newcastle
![Page 2: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OUTLINE
• Introduction – Nanoparticles, Need for toxicity data, earthworms • Objectives of the experiment • Experimental design • Findings of the experiment • Comparison of our results with data available in literature • Challenges • Considerations for risk assessment
![Page 3: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NANOPARTICLES
McNeil, SE 2005
• Increased relative surface area • Most of the atoms lay close or at the surface • Different/ enhanced properties compared to their bulk counterparts • Unique physico-chemical characteristics (eg. higher reactivity)
![Page 4: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ZnO NANOPARTICLES
• Zn – essential trace element for living organisms • Properties:
ohigh catalytic / UV attenuation oWhitening oAntimicrobial
• Nanoparticle use largely increased in the last decade
![Page 5: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ZnO APPLICATIONS
• 3rd Highest global production volume (550 tons) • Cosmetics, sunscreens, toothpastes, beauty products • Industrial coating – Textiles, plastic, wood • Sensors, Sensing devices, Catalysts • Solar cells, LCDs, electronics • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides? • Fertilizer
Bondarenko et al., 2013
![Page 6: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Improved properties - more efficiency in industrial applications • Manufacture and utilization – not properly regulated, industry does not
recognize as new chemicals, regulated as conventional bulk chemical compounds
• Volume of the NP enabled products increased • Higher volumes may release to the environment in future • Unique physico-chemical properties – enhanced reactivity, higher stability in
the environment??? • Potential harmful effects to living organisms
NEED FOR NANOECOTOXICITY
![Page 7: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Amede et al., 2017
Environmental exposure, common transformations, transport and bioavailability of metal oxide nanoparticles in terrestrial environment
![Page 8: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
EARTHWORMS
• Important element in the terrestrial ecosystem, Key trophic link • Represent ~ 60 -80% of total soil biomass (Bouche, 1992) • Play key role in soil formation and organic matter breakdown • Maintain & improve soil structure • Contribute in nutrient cycling • Biological indicators of soil health • High potential of large scale exposure of earthworms to any nanoparticle • Model organisms to investigate toxicity of environmental pollutants
![Page 9: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/common-earthworm
EARTHWORM LIFE CYCLE
![Page 10: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
OBJECTIVES OF THE EXPERIMENT
• To assess the impact of ZnO nanoparticles to earthworms • Growth • Survival • Reproduction
• Tissue Zn bioaccumulation due to of ZnO nanoparticle exposure.
![Page 11: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
OECD PROTOCOLS
![Page 12: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Earthworms are introduced to contaminated / spiked soil
Acute toxicity measurement Survival Morphological / behavioural symptoms
Chronic toxicity measurement Survival Reproduction (Cocoon & juvenile count) Biomass change Bioaccumulation
![Page 13: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
ZnO Nanoparticles
Uncontaminated soil
Collection (<10 cm – top layer) Processing Characterization
Spiking & Aging ~ 3 months
Introduction of Parent Earthworms
₊
Survival, Weight change &
Bioaccumulation
28 days
56 days Reproduction
![Page 14: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
pH Sand (%)
Slit (%)
Clay (%)
Texture Total Carbon (%)
Background Zn (mg Kg-1) 6.5
38 33
28 Clay loam
4.99 106.79 ± 3.20
![Page 15: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
NANOPARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
(A) XRD Diffractogram and (B) Scanning electron micrographs of ZnO dry nanopowder (Original magnifications: x 10, 000; Scale bar: 200 nm)
0 20 40 60 800
5000
10000
15000
20000
Position [02 θ]
Counts
(A) (B)
![Page 16: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SURVIVAL & WEIGHT CHANGE • No significant effects were observed on survival and growth of earthworms
exposed to the ZnO nanoparticle - spiked soils when compared to the control soils.
• Any sublethal effects??
![Page 17: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
REPRODUCTION - COCOONS & JUVENILES
Reproductive response of the earthworms exposed to ZnO nanoparticles in soil
0 0.1 1 10 100 500 10000
5
10
15
20
ZnO nanoparticle Treatment (mg/ Kg)
Coco
on C
ount
0
0.1
1
10
100
500
1000
**
**
0 0.1 1 10 100 500 10000
10
20
30
40
ZnO nanoparticle Treatment (mg/ Kg)
Juve
nile
Cou
nt
***
***
![Page 18: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
BIOACCUMULATION OF Zn
• No considerable tissue accumulation of Zn metal was observed in the body tissues of earthworms exposed to ZnO nanoparticle spiked soil.
0 0.1 1 10 100 500 10000
20
40
60
80
100
ZnO nanoparticle Treatment (mg/ Kg)Mea
sure
d t
issu
e Z
n C
on
cen
trat
ion
(µg
/g w
et w
t.)
0
0.1
1
10
100
500
1000
![Page 19: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY - SUMMARY
• ZnO nanoparticles did not affect earthworm survival and growth. • Above 500 mg Kg-1 concentration, ZnO nanoparticles are likely to cause
reproductive toxicity to the terrestrial organisms.
• > 500 mg Kg-1 – Exceed the expected environmental concentrations
![Page 20: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
INHIBITION OF EARTHWORM REPRODUCTION AT 1000 mg/ Kg OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES – COMARISON OF DATA
Our Stu
dy
Garcia-Gom
ez, 2014
Alves, 2019
Hooper, 2019
Garcia-Gom
ez, 2019
0
50
100
150
Inhi
biti
on ra
te o
f Coc
oon
prod
ucti
on (%
)
NR
97%
59%50%
100%
Our Stu
dy
Garcia-Gom
ez, 2014
Alves, 2019
Hooper, 2019
Garcia-Gom
ez, 2019
0
50
100
150
Inhi
biti
on ra
te o
f Juv
enile
pro
duct
ion
(%)
NR
92%
72%
40%
100%
![Page 21: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CHALLENGES
• Inconsistent data • Different experimental approaches, difficulties in comparison • Interactions with organic material in the environment – soil characteristics • Potential solubility in aqueous medium
• Unavailability of common parameters – additional specific requirements??
• Dispersion conditions • Characterization of nanoparticles in the environmental matrix • Consideration of test conditions for potential artefacts due to their properties)
![Page 22: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CONSIDERATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT
• Extensive work already done for the risk assessment of Zn metal / bulk form is a useful starting basis to asses the potential environmental risk
• For initial analysis – no apparent need to go beyond for single nanoparticle risks
• Combined effects of NPs and co-existing contaminants in soil?? • Comparison of data with different types of soils – influence of soil
characteristics • More research is needed to provide insight to the ecotoxicological effects of
exposure to these nanoparticles.
![Page 23: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Continuous exposure • Long exposure period
• Simultaneous exposure from multiple chemical stressors
• Subtle effects • Cumulative and synergistic effects
• Long term impact on the ecosystem
![Page 24: CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES TO EISENIA FETIDAadelaide2019.cleanupconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/… · • Antifouling paints • Antimicrobial usage – Biocides?](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f8f4f5052866f3a2c2b4218/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Professor Megh Mallavarapu Professor Ravi Naidu Professor John Aitken Dr. Kannan Krishnan CRC CARE – PhD Scholarship CleanUp 2019 organizing committee GCER &The University of Newcastle