Chronic myelogenous leukemia Uncommon disease Highly lethal when ineffectively Rxd Most pts are in their 50s+60s The molecular understanding of this disease is remarkably high. It has offered an opportunity to deliver superb treatment That makes good biological, biochemical, genetic, and clinical sense But there are also problems. Normal bone marrow Bone Marrow sample of a CML patient. Marked expansion of myelocytic cells The Philadelphia Chromosome= a distinct+reciprocal 9 22 translocation (years) Abl=tyr kinase Imatinib=Gleevec Abl=tyr kinase ATP binding/catalytic domain Imatinib prolongs life in chronic phase CML Natural History of Imatinib-Resistant CML development Blood Count Cells x years 1 2 Resistance Abl=tyr kinase Figure 4. BCR-ABL1E255V/T315I Exhibits Severely Compromised TKI Binding and Is Detected at Clinical Relapse on Ponatinib(A) Summary of BCR-ABL1 cloning and sequencing for patient #38 (Ph+ ALL) at baseline (upper) and EOT (lower) by cloning and sequencing indiv... Zabriskie et al, BCR-ABL1 Compound Mutations Combining Key Kinase Domain Positions Confer Clinical Resistance to Ponatinib in Ph Chromosome-Positive Leukemia, Cancer Cell Volume 26, Issue 3, 2014, 428442 JM Zhang et al. Nature 463, NMR spectroscopy provides evidence for GNF-2 binding to the C-terminal myristate pocket of Abl. JM Zhang et al. Nature 000, 1-6 (2010) doi: /nature08675 Location and cellular IC 50 of BcrAbl GNF-2 resistance mutations. JM Zhang et al. Nature 463, JM Zhang et al. Nature 000, 1-6 (2010) doi: /nature08675 In vivo efficacy studies with GNF-5 on wild-type and T315I BcrAbl dependent proliferation in xenograft and bone-marrow transplantation models. JM Zhang et al. Nature 463, JM Zhang et al. Nature 000, 1-6 (2010) doi: /nature08675 Location and cellular IC 50 of BcrAbl GNF-2 resistance mutations. JM Zhang et al. Nature 463, Bhang et al, Nature Medicine, 2014 Bar-coded clones conferring resistance to an allosteric bcr-abl inhibitor Bhang et al, Nature Medicine, 2014