chronic physical health problems. chronic physical health problems § health problems present for...
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CHRONIC PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
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Chronic Physical Health Problems
Health problems present for extended periods and that are characterized by nonreversible pathological changes a need for lifestyle adjustment, or a prolonged period of supervision
and care by health professionals
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Personal Effects of Chronic Health Problems Impairment: Loss of psychological,
physiological, or anatomical, structure or function
Disability: Limitation in functional ability Handicap: Disadvantage resulting from
impairment or disability that impedes role fulfillment
Financial burden
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Population Effects of Chronic Health Problems
Societal costs
Morbidity
Mortality
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Assessing Risk for Chronic Health Problems
Biophysical considerations Psychological considerations Physical Environmental considerations Sociocultural considerations Behavioral considerations Health system considerations
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Biophysical Considerations
Age Gender Race/ethnicity Genetic inheritance Physiologic function Physical and functional effects
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Psychological Considerations
Stress Depression Anxiety Bereavement Psychological effects
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Physical Environmental Considerations
Pollution
Physical safety hazards
Environmental justice
Environmental effects on physical
function
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Sociocultural Considerations Poverty/unemployment Social norms for unhealthful behavior Culture Lack of education Legislation Occupational factors Social support Social effects
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Behavioral Considerations
Dietary patterns Smoking Drug and alcohol use/abuse Exercise and leisure Safety practices Self-assessment behaviors
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Health System Factors
Failure to education clients to
prevent chronic health problems
Lack of screening services
Lack of access to care
Aggressiveness of treatment
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Primary Prevention
Health promotion/illness
prevention
Risk factor modification
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Health Promotion/Illness Prevention
Education for prevention and promotion
Political activity Immunization
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Risk Factor Modification
Smoking cessation Weight control Hypertension control Use of safety precautions Elimination of environmental
pollutants
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Secondary Prevention Screening Early diagnosis Prompt treatment
Stabilization Establishing a treatment regimen Motivating compliance Promoting self-management Monitoring treatment effects
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Tertiary Prevention Preventing loss of function in affected
systems Preventing loss of function in
unaffected systems Restoring function Monitoring health status Promoting adjustment End-of-life care