chronological table...m. aemilius scaurus over the carni. 32 senators removed and stage performances...

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE ooO

FASTI: CONSULS ANDCENSORS ROME AND ITALY THE WEST THE EAST

133 Consuls:P. Mucius ScaevolaL. Calpurnius Piso Frugi

132 Consuls:P. Popillius LaenasP. Rupilius

131 Consuls:P. Licinius Crassus MucianusL. Valerius Flaccus

Censors 131-130:Q. Caecilius MetellusMacedonicus, cos. 143Q. Pompeius, cos. 141

Tribunate of Ti. GracchusHis agrarian laws andcommission.His proposal to use the funds ofthe Attalid kingdom.

Deposition of Octavius.Death of Gracchus.The tribunal of Popillius.

Triumphs:P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianusfor Numantia.D. Iunius Brutus over theCallaeci and Lusitanians (? or

•33)-Lex Papiria tabellaria.

His speech 'de prole augenda'.318,823 citizens on the census.

Destruction of Numantia: the endof Scipio's wars in Spain.

The First Sicilian Slave War inprogress.

Victory of Rupilius and end ofFirst Sicilian Slave War.

The Lex Rupi/ia for Sicily.

Death and will of Attalus ofPergamum.

Revolt of Aristonicus in Asiabegins.

Dynastic quarrels weakenPtolemaic Egypt.

P. Licinius Crassus defeated andkilled in Asia.

Ptolemy Euergetes II (Physcon)flees to Cyprus.

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13°

128

126

124

Consuls:L. Cornelius Lentulus (? died inoffice)M. Perperna

Suffect:Ap. Claudius Pulcher

Consuls:C. Sempronius TuditanusM'. Aquillius

Consuls:Cn. OctaviusT. Annius Rufus

Consuls:L. Cassius Longinus RavillaL. Cornelius Cinna

Consuls:M. Aemilius LepidusL. Aurelius Orestes

Consuls:M. Plautius HypsaeusM. Fulvius Flaccus

Censors 125-124:Cn. Servilius Caepio, cos. 141L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla, cos.•*7

Consuls:C. Cassius LonginusC. Sextius Calvinus

Death of Scipio Aemilianus.Triumph:

C. Sempronius Tuditanus overthe lapydes, 1 Oct.

Lex lunia (Pentii) de peregrinis. Campaigns of Aurelius Orestes inSardinia.

Gallic wars begin: appeal fromMassilia against the Salluvii.

Triumph:M\ Aquillius for Asia,November.

Fulvius Flaccus' abortive rogatio to Ligurian campaigns 125-124.grant citizenship and provocalio.

Revolt of Fregellae.

394,736 citizens on the census.

M. Perperna besieges and capturesAristonicus at Stratonicea:Aristonicus executed at Rome.

Return of Ptolemy Physcon toMemphis.

Death of M. Perperna: M'.Aquillius proceeds with theorganization oi provincia Asia (to126).

Reconciliation in the Egyptiandynasty.



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123 Consuls:Q. Caecilius Metellus (Baliaricus)T. Quinctius Flamininus

Consuls:Cn. Domitius AhenobarbusC. Fannius

Consuls:L. OpimiusQ. Fabius Maximus(Allobrogicus)

Consuls:P. ManiliusC. Papirius Carbo

Censors:Q. Caecilius Metellus Baliaricus,cos. 123

L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, cos.•33

First tribunate of C. Gracchus.123—122 Principal measures ofGracchus:

lex de capite civiumagrariajrumentariadiprovincia Asiam quis iudicio circumvenireturde provinces consular ibusdt rtpetundis

Kogatio de civ it ateLex Kubria de Africa (or 122)

Triumph:M. Fulvius Flaccus overLigurians etc.

Second tribunate of C. Gracchus.Continuation of his legislation.

Triumphs:C. Sextius Calvinus overLigurians.L. Aurelius Orestes for Sardinia,Dec.

scu and death of C. Gracchus.Triumph:

Q. Caecilius Metellus for theBalearic Islands.

Triumphs in uncertain years120-117:

Q. Fabius Maximus over theAllobroges and king of theArverni.Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus overthe Arverni.

Balearic campaigns: foundation ofPalma and Pollentia by Metellus.

Allobrogic and Arvernian wars,122-120.

Foundation of Aquae Sextiae.

c. 121

Assassination of Mithridates V ofPontus.

Province of Transalpine Gaul(Narbonensis) created.



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Consuls:L. Caecilius Metellus(Delmaticus)L. Aurelius Cotta

118 Consuls:M. Porcius CatoQ. Marcius Rex

117 Consuls:L. Caecilius Metellus DiadematusQ. Mucius Scaevola 'the Augur'

116 Consuls:C. Licinius GetaQ. Fabius Maximus Eburnus

Consuls:M. Aemilius ScaurusM. Caecilius Metellus

Censors 115-114:L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematuscos. 117Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, cos.122

114 Consuls:M'. Acilius BalbusC. Porcius Cato

113 Consuls:C. Caecilius Metellus CaprariusCn. Papirius Carbo

Consuls:M. Livius DrususL. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus

C. Marius tribune: his law onelectoral procedure.

Lex ?Thoria agraria, ending thework of the land-commission.

Triumphs:L. Caecilius Metellus Delmaticusover the Dalmatians.Q. Marcius Rex over the LiguresStoeni, December.

Triumph:M. Aemilius Scaurus over theCarni.

32 senators removed and stageperformances banned.

394,336 citizens on the census.lux Peducaea to prosecuteVestals.

Wars in Macedonia and Thracefor many years.

Colony of Narbo Martiusfounded.

Dalmatian and Liguriancampaigns.

The Jugurthine problem begins:commission of Itgati sent.

114—111 Spanish Wars.

113—101 Cimbric Wars.Defeat of Papirius Carbo atNoreia by the Cimbri.

The massacre at Cirta.

28 April the royal Ptolemaicamnesty decree.

June: death of Ptolemy Physcon116-107 r u ' e of Cleopatra II andPtolemy Soter.

Ptolemy Alexander in Cyprus.Ptolemy Apion in Cyrene.

c. 113 Mithridates VI seizes powerat Sinope and begins to acquirehis Black Sea empire (or 115).



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Consuls:P. Cornelius Scipio NasicaSerapioL. Calpurnius Bestia

Consuls:M. Minucius RufusSp. Posrumius Albinus

109 Consuls:Q. Caecilius Metellus(Numidicus)M. (Iunius) Silanus

Censors:M. Aemilius Scaurus, cos. 115M. Livius Drusus, cos. 11 z

108 Consuls:Ser. Sulpicius Galba?L. Hortensius (condemned)

Suffect:M. Aurelius Scaurus

Censors:Q. Fabius Maximus Eburnus,cos. 116C. Licinius Geta, cos. 116

107 Consuls:L. Cassius LonginusC. Marius

lex agraria.Tribunician activity over theconduct of the Jugurthine warbegins.

Triumphs:M. Caecilius Metellus forSardinia.C. Caecilius Metellus for Thrace,on the same day.

Triumph:M. Livius Drusus over theScordisci and Macedonians, May.

The censor Drusus died, andScaurus was made to resign.

The guatstio Mamilia over conductin the Jugurthine War.

m - 1 0 5 Jugurthine War.Jugurtha surrenders to Bestia and

journeys to Rome. His murder ofMassiva.

Surrender of Albinus' army toJugurtha.

Metellus takes command againstJugurtha.

Roman reverses in Gaul.

The Via Aemilia built.

Lex Caelia tabellaria.Triumph:

Q. Servitius Caepio over FurtherSpain, October.

Marius takes command againstJugurtha.

Cassius Longinus defeated byGauls at Toiosa.

c. 108-107 Partition ofPaphlagonia by Mithridates andNicomedes.

107, Oct., to 101 Cleopatra IIIrules Egypt jointly with PtolemyAlexander. Ptolemy Soter rulesin Cyprus.



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io6 | Consuls:Q. Servilius CaepioC. Atilius Serranus

Consuls:P. Rutilius RufusCn. Mallius Maximus

104 I Consuls:C. Marius IIC. Flavius Fimbria

103 I Consuls:C. Marius IIIL. Aurelius Orestes

Consuls:C. Marius IVQ. Lutatius Catulus

Censors IOZ-IOI:Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus,cos. 109C. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius,cos. 11;

Consuls:C. Marius VM'. Aquillius

lux Servilia de repetundis.Triumphs:Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicusover the Numidians and KingJugurtha.M. Minucius Rufus over theScordisci and Thracians, August.

Triumph:C. Marius over the Numidiansand King Jugurtha, 1 Jan.

Lex Cassia de senatu.Lex Domitia de sacerdotiis.First tribunate of Saturninus.Assignment of land in Africa toMarius' veterans.Lex Appuleia de maiestate (or100).

Caepio takes Tolosa; he also takesthe 'gold of Tolosa'.

Capture of Jugurtha.Defeat of Caepio and Mallius by

the Cimbri at Arausio.Marius' Cimbric campaigns,

104-101.

The Second Sicilian Slave War,104-101.

Lusitanian War, 103-102.

Victory over the Teutones atAquae Sextiae.

Lex Servilia (Glauciae) de repetundis Victory over the Cimbri at(or 104). Vercellae.

The 'piracy law*.Triumphs:C. Marius over the Cimbri andTeutones.Q. Catulus over the Cimbri.

M. Antonius' campaigns againstthe Cilician pirates.

T. Didius' campaigns in Thrace.

Death of Cleopatra III of Egypt.



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FASTI: CONSULS ANDCENSORS ROME A N D ITALY T H E W E S T T H E EAST

CO

Consuls:C. Marius VIL. Valerius Flaccus

99 Consuls:M. AntoniusA. Postumius Albinus

98 Consuls:Q. Caecilius Metellus NeposT. Didius

97 Consuls:Cn. Cornelius LentulusP. Licinius Crassus

Censors 97-96:L. Valerius Flaccus, cos. 100M. Antonius, cos. 99

96 Consuls:Cn. Domitius AhenobarbusC. Cassius Longinus

Second tribunate of Saturninus.leges jrumentaria, de cohniisdcducendis, de agro Gallico.

sen and lynching of Glaucia andSaturninus.

? Triumphs:M. Antonius over the pirates.T. Didius for Macedonia.

Lex Caicilia Didia.Triumph:

L. Cornelius Dolabella overFurther Spain and Lusitania, Jan.

98—93 Celtiberian Wars.

Tigranes I king of Armenia.Ptolemy Apion leaves Cyrene to

Rome.Ptolemy Alexander leaves Egypt

to Rome.Between 97/6 and 93/2: Sulla as

proconsul of Cilicia overawesMithridates into withdrawingfrom Cappadocia and meetsParthian envoys at theEuphrates.



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95

94

95

9 '

9°

89

Consuls:L. Licinius CrassusQ. Mucius Scaevola

Consuls:C. Coelius CaldusL. Domitius Ahenobarbus

Consuls:C. Valerius FlaccusM. Herennius

Consuls:C. Claudius PulcherM. Perperna

Censors:Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, cos.96L. Licinius Crassus, cos. 95

Consuls:L. Marcius PhilippusSex. Iulius Caesar

Consuls:L. Iulius CaesarP. Rutilius Lupus (killed inaction, but no suffect)

Consuls:Cn. Pompeius StraboL. Porcius Cato (killed in action)

Censors 89-88:P. Licinius Crassus, cos. 97L. Iulius Caesar, cos. 90

hex hicinia Mucia.

Triumphs:T. Didius (II) for Spain over theCeltiberi, 10 June.P. Licinius Crassus over theLusitanians, 12 June.

Censorial edict suppressing Latinrhetors.

Tribunate of M. Livius Drusus.His proposals: agrarian law; lex

frumtntaria; addition of equites toSenate and reconstitution ofjuries (passed but annulled);citizenship for the allies.

Assassination of Drusus.The Social War begins: massacreat Asculum.

The quaestio Varia.11 June: battle of Marius andRutilius against Vettius Scato.

hex lulia de civilate danda.Victories of Pompeius Strabo,

Sulla, etc. in the Social War.Lynching of A. SemproniusAsellio.

Lex Plautia Papiria.hex Pompeia de Transpadanis.Triumph:Cn. Pompeius Strabo over

Asculum, 27 Dec.

Death of Nicomedes Euergetes ofBithynia.

Tigranes takes Cappadocia andMithridates takes Bithynia.

M'. Aquillius takes commissionersto restore status quo: they inciteraids on Pontus.

Beginning of the First MithridaticWar.



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88

86

Consuls:L. Cornelius Sulla (Felix)Q. Pompeius Rufus

Consuls:Cn. Octavius (killed in office)L. Cornelius Cinna (declared ahostis)

Suffect for Cinna:L. Cornelius Merula

Consuls:L. Cornelius Cinna IIC. Marius VII (died 13 Jan.)

Suffect:L. Valerius Flaccus

Censors 86-8;:L. Marcius Philippus, cos. 91M. Perperna, cos. 92

Consuls:L. Cornelius Cinna IIICn. Papirius Carbo

The tribunician bills of P.Sulpicius, esp. to divide the newcitizens among all the tribes andto give the Mithridatic commandto Marius.

Sulla seizes Rome.?Some lieges Corneliae.Marius flees to Africa.Triumph:

P. Servilius Vatia, Sept. (for anunknown command).

Sulla leaves for the East.Cinna's bill to put the new citizensin all the tribes.

The 'Bellum Octavianum'.The siege and taking of Rome.

The financial edict of M. MariusGratidianus (or 8;).

Flaccus appointed to supersedeSulla.

463,000citizens on the census.

Massacre of Romans in Asia.Defection of Athens.Siege of Rhodes.Archelaus in Greece: seizure of

Delos.Ptolemy Alexander ejected by the

Alexandrians: Ptolemy Soter II(Lathyrus) takes his place.

Sulla in Greece: siege of Athensand Piraeus.

Fall of Athens.Battles of Chaeronea and

Orchomenus.Flaccus murdered by Fimbria in

Asia.Negotiations of Sulla and

Archelaus.

Fimbria's campaigns in Asia.Treaty of Dardanus (not ratified at

Rome).Sulla at Ephesus organizing Asia.



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8o

Consuls:Cn. Papirius Carbo IIL. Cornelius Cinna IV (killed: nosuffect)

Consuls:L. Cornelius Scipio AsiaticusC. Norbanus

Consuls:C. Marius (junior)Cn. Papirius Carbo III

Interrex:L. Valerius Flaccus, cos. IOO

Dictator:L. Cornelius Sulla Felix, cos. 88

Master of Horse:L. Valerius Flaccus

Dictator:L. Cornelius Sulla Felix

Master of Horse:L. Valerius Flaccus

Consuls:M. Tullius DeculaCn. Cornelius Dolabella

Consuls:L. Cornelius Sulla Felix IIQ. Caecilius Metcllus Pius

Distribution of the new citizensamong all the tribes ordered bysenatus consultum.

Spring: Sulla lands in Italy.The praetor Sertorius flees to

Spain.Battle of Sacriportus: massacre of

Samnites.Siege of Praeneste.Battle of the Colline Gate, i Nov.Proscriptions.Fall of Praeneste.Both consuls killed in the war.

Triumphs:L. Cornelius Sulla Felix overMithridates, Jan.Cn. Pompeius Magnus, March.L. Licinius Murena overMithridates.L. Valerius Flaccus over theCeltiberi and Gauls.

Sulla's principal measures:Admission of equites to Senate.Curbing of tribunicia potestas.Systematization of the quaestiomsperpetual.Laws about maiestas. •Rules concerning magistracies.

FallofNola.Trial of Roscius of Ameria.

Pompey recovers Sicily for Sulla,and kills Carbo.

Pompey recovers Africa for Sulla,and kills Domitius Ahenobarbus.

The 'Second Mithridatic War': L.Murena's campaigns againstMithridates, 83-82.

Death of Ptolemy Lathyrus; Sullasends Ptolemy Alexander II toEgypt.

Ptolemy Xll (Auletes) takes thethrone of Egypt.

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FASTI: CONSULS ANDCENSORS ROME AND ITALY THE WEST THE EAST o

79

77

75

74

Consuls:P. Servilius Vatia (Isauricus)Ap. Claudius Pulcher

Consuls:M. Aemilius LepidusQ. Lutatius Catulus

No consular elections.

Interrex:Ap. Claudius Pulcher, cos. 79

Consuls:D. Iunius BrutusMam. Aemilius Lepidus Livianus

Consuls:Cn. OctaviusC. Scribonius Curio

Consuls:L. OctaviusC. Aurelius Cotta

Consuls:L. Licinius LucullusM. Aurelius Cotta

Fall of Aesernia and Volaterrae.Triumph:

Cn. Pompeius Magnus (II) forAfrica, March.

Death and state funeral of Sulla.Insurrection begun by the consul

Lepidus.Triumph:

Cn. Cornelius Dolabella forMacedonia (or 77).

Special imperium for Pompey: heand Catulus put down theinsurrection of Lepidus, andPompey kills M. Iunius Brutus.

Pompey given command in Spainwith a special imptrium.

Tribunician agitation of Siciniusfor restoration of full powers ofthe tribunate.

Edict of the praetor M. Lucullusde vi hominibus armatis.

Lex Aurelia Cottae restoring theright of tribunes to stand forfurther office.

Tribunician agitation of L.Quinctius.

Trial of Oppianicus.Lucullus and Cotta givenMithridatic commands and M.Antonius the pirate command.

Metellus Pius and M. DomitiusCalvinus, with the two Spanishprovinces, against Sertorius.

Calvinus defeated and killed.

Sertorius in control of Spain;joined by M. Perperna.

Pompey on the way to Spainsuppresses revolt in TransalpineGaul.

Sack of Lauro by Sertorius.Metellus defeats Hirtuleius at

Italica.

Battle of Segovia: deaths of theHirtuleii.

Battles of Sucro and Segontia.Negotiations betweeen Sertorius

and Mithridates (or spring 74).Pompey and Metellus begin to

turn the tide in Spain.

Campaigns of P. Servilius Vatia in'Cilicia', 78-7 j .

Mithridates tries to get the Peaceof Dardanus ratified.

Cyrene annexed by Rome.

Nicomedes of Bithynia leaves hiskingdom to Rome (or early 74).

M. Antonius' campaigns againstthe pirates



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73

7°

Consuls:M. Terentius Varro LucullusC. Cassius Longinus

Consuls:L. Gellius PublicolaCn. Cornelius LentulusClodianus

Consuls:P. Cornelius Lentulus SuraCn. Aufidius Orestes

Consuls:Cn. Pompeius MagnusM. Licinius Crassus

Censors 70-69:Cn. Cornelius LentulusClodianus, cos. 72L. Gellius Publicola, cos. 72

Triumph:P. Servilius Vatia (Isauricus)over the Isaurians.

Tribunician agitation of C.Licinius Macer.

Lex Terentia Cassia on grainsupply.

Beginning of the Revolt ofSpartacus.

Lex Cellia Cornelia (de civ it ate).Both consuls defeated bySpartacus.

M. Licinius Crassus given thecommand against Spartacus.

PTriumph:C. Scribonius Curio over theOardanians.

Defeat and death of Spartacus.Ovation:

M. Licinius Crassus overSpartacus.

Triumphs:M. Terentius Varro Lucullusover the Bessi.Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius forSpain (i.e. Sertorius).Cn. Pompeius Magnus (III) forSpain (i.e. Sertorius).

Lex Pompeia Licinia finallyrestoring all powers of tribunate.

Lex Aurelia (Cottae) iudiciaria.?Ltx Plautia de vi.Trial of Verres.The censors expel 64 senators.910,000 citizens on the census.

73-71 Verres governor of Sicily.

Assassination of Sertorius; M.Perperna put to death byPompey.

The 'Third Mithridatic War'begins.

Relief of Cyzicus by L. Lucullusand Battle of the Rhyndacus.

Victories of Lucullus in Pontus.

Mithridates flees to Armenia andis held there by Tigranes.

Sinope and Amisus taken.

Lucullus' measures for the reliefof the province of Asia.

Tigranes declines to surrenderMithridates.



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68

66

Consuls:Q. Hortensius HortalusQ. Caecilius Metellus (Creticus)

Consuls:L. Caecilius Metellus (died inoffice)Q. Marcius Rex

Suffect (but died before takingoffice):. . . VatiaNo further suffect.

Consuls:C. Calpurnius PisoM'. Acilius Glabrio

Consuls:M'. Aemilius LepidusL. Volcatius Tullus

Consuls:L. Aurelius CottaL. Manlius Torquatus

Censors:Q. Lutatius Catulus, cos. 78

Triumphs:? L. Afranius.M. Pupius Piso Frugi for Spain.

Tribunate of C. Cornelius:proposals on ambitus, on loans toforeign states, on privtlegia, andLex Cornelia making praetorsfollow their edictum perpetuum.Tribunate of A. Gabinius: LexGabinia granting imperium toPompey against the pirates.Tribunate of L. Roscius Otho:Lex Roscia theatralis.Lex Manilla of the tribune C.

Maniiius, giving Pompeycommand against Mithridates.

(The 'First CatilinarianConspiracy')

Consuls designate, P. CorneliusSulla and P. Autronius Paetus,declared non-elected for bribery.

Lex Papia de pcregrinis (or 64).Trials of C. Maniiius (condemned)

and C. Cornelius (acquitted).Catiline acquitted de repetundis.

Lucullus' invasion of S. Armenia.October: Battle of Tigranocerta.

Campaign of Lucullus in N.Armenia.

Capture of Nisibis.Mithridates returns to Pontus.Campaign of Q. Metellus in Crete

against the pirates.

Supersession of Lucullus.Mithridates defeats Romans atZela.Tigranes recovers Cappadocia.Pompey's campaign against thepirates.

Pompey's agreement with Parthia.Pompey defeats Mithridates and

takes surrender of Armenia.

Mithridates flees to the Crimea.

Pompey's campaign in theCaucasus.



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6 4

62

M. Licinius Crassus, cos. 70(the censors abdicated withoutcompleting the census)

Consuls:L. lulius CaesarC. Marcius Figulus

Censors:L. Aurelius Cotta, cos. 65 and anunknown (they abdicated)

Consuls:M. Tullius CiceroC. Antonius Hibrida

60

Consuls:D. Iunius SilanusL. Licinius Murena

Consuls:M. Pupius Piso FrugiCalpurnianusM. Valerius Messalla Niger

Censors:L. lulius Caesar, cos. 64 and anunknown

Consuls:Q. Caecilius Metellus CelerL. Afranius

Proposal of Crassus for theannexation of Egypt, and his'Transpadane manifesto'.

Senatus consultum de coilegiis.

Rogatio Servilia (the 'Rullan Bill').Trial of Rabirius.hex Tullia de ambitu.Julius Caesar made pontiftx

maximus.Triumph:L. Licinius Lucullus for Pontusand Armenia.

October: the CatilinarianConspiracy: scu.

Lex lunia Licinia requiring depositof bills in the aerarium.

Death of Catiline.Triumph:Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticusfor Crete (i.e. the pirates).

Trial of P. Clodius for sacrilege.Triumph:Cn. Pompeius Magnus (IV) overpirates, Mithridates andTigranes, Sept.L. Flavius' agrarian proposals.

The 'First Triumvirate' ofPompey, Crassus and Caesar.

Pompey in Syria, and annexationof Syria by Rome.

October: fall of Jerusalem toPompey.

Death of Mithridates.

62-61 Campaigns of C. Pomptinusagainst the Allobroges inTransalpine Gaul.

61-60 Campaigns of Julius Caesarin Western Spain.

The Aedui defeated by Ariovistus.60-59 the Helvetii menace Gaul.

Pompey's 'Eastern Settlement'.December: Pompey returns to

Rome.



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57

55

Consuls:C. lulius CaesarM. Calpurnius Bibulus

Consuls:L. Calpurnius Piso CaesoninusA. Gabinius

Consuls:P. Cornelius Lentulus SpintherQ. Caecilius Metellus Nepos

Consuls:Cn. Cornelius LentulusMarcellinusL. Marcius Philippus

Interrex:M. Valerius Messalla Niger

Consuls:Cn. Pompeius Magnus IIM. Licinius Crassus II

Censors 5 5—5 4:M. Valerius Messalla Niger, cos.61

Leges Juliae de actis senatus, agrariae,de repetundis.

Ratification of Pompey's easternsettlement and remission ofAsiatic tax contracts.

Lex Vat'mia giving Galliccommand to Julius Caesar.

Transfer of P. Clodius to plebs.Death of Metellus Celer.Tribunate of P. Clodius; laws de

capite cifium, de collegiis,frumentaria, etc.

Flight of Cicero.Caesar to Gaul, Cato to Cyprus.P. Lentulus given command torestore Ptolemy XII, but it isblocked.

Return of Cicero.Grain crisis: Pompey receives cura

annonae.15 -day supplicatio for Caesar'svictories in Gaul.

April: the 'Conference of Luca'.Tribunes block the consularelections so as to ensure a secondconsulship for Pompey andCrassus.

Lex Trebania: commands forPompey and Crassus; LexPompeia Licinia: extension ofCaesar's command.

Lex Licinia de sodaliciis.Lex Pompeia de iudicibus.

Caesar against the Helvetii andAriovistus.

Caesar against the Belgae and theNervii.

Caesar against the Veneti andMorini.

Caesar against the Usipetes andTencteri, and then in Britain.

Recognition of Ptolemy XII(Auletes) as 'socius et amicuspopuli Romani'.

Flight of Ptolemy Auletes toRome (or 57).

Cato organizes Cyprus.Gabinius' proconsulate of Syria:

Jewish campaign.

Gabinius' second Jewishcampaign.

Gabinius restores Ptolemy Auletesto Egypt.

Gabinius' third Jewish andNabatean campaigns.



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54

53

P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus, cos.79

Consuls:L. Domitius AhenobarbusAp. Claudius Pulcher

Interreges: known areM. Valerius Messalla Niger, cos.6iQ. Caecilius Metellus Pius ScipioNasica

Consuls (from July):Cn. Domitius CalvinusM. Valerius Messalla Rufus

Interreges: known areM. Aemilius LepidusM. Valerius Messalla Niger, cos.6iSer. Sulpicius

Consuls:Cn. Pompeius Magnus III (atfirst solus)Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius ScipioNasica (from August)

?Lex Mam ilia Roscia, etc.Dedication of Pompey's theatre.20-day supplicatio for Caesar'svictories.

November: Crassus leaves forSyria.

Death of Julia.Triumph:C. Pomptinus over theAllobroges.

Electoral scandal implicates theconsuls: no consular electionsthis year.

Rioting under Clodius and Milo.Numerous sets of ludi.Only when Pompey returned to

Rome were elections held.But again no magistrates wereelected for 52.

Rioting: in Jan. the 'Battle ofBovillae' and death of Clodius.

Firing of the curia and scu.

Pompey's legislation includingleges de vi and de provinciis.

The 'Law of the ten tribunes'.20-day supplicatio for Caesar'svictory at Alesia.

Caesar's second campaign inBritain.

Caesar on the defensive in Gaul:losses against the Eburones.

Defeat and death of Crassus atCarrhae.

Winter: the great Gallic allianceunder Vercingetorix.

Battle of Gergovia.Capture of Alesia.



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; i Consuls:Ser. Sulpicius RufusM. Claudius Marcellus

jo Consuls:L. Aemilius Lepidus PaullusC. Claudius (Cf.M.n.) Marcellus

Censors 50-49:Ap. Claudius Pulcher, cos. 54L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus,cos. 58

49 Consuls:C. Claudius (M.f.M.n.) MarcellusL. Cornelius Lentulus Crus

Dictator (11 days):C. Iulius Caesar, cos. 59

48 Consuls:C. Iulius Caesar IIP. Servilius Isauricus

Dictator (October, for a year):C. Iulius Caesar II

Master of Horse:M. Antonius

Beginning of the 'Rechtsfrage' -the question of the supersessionof Julius Caesar.

Triumph:P. Cornelius Lentulus Spintherfor Cilicia.

Tribunate of C. Scribonius Curio:his proposals and his support forCaesar.

November: the consul Marcellusurges Pompey to 'save the State'.

Numerous expulsions from theSenate, including Sallust.

7 Jan. scu.10 Jan. the Rubicon.The consuls, and Pompey, leave

Italy.Caesar first to Spain, then returnsas Dictator and presides over hisown election as consul.

Measures for relief of debt andreturn of exiles.

Then Caesar sets off for Epirus.

Caesar against the Bellovaci.Capture of Uxellodunum.

Siege of Massilia.Battle of llerda.Juba's army traps Curio in Africa.

August: Battle of Pharsalus.Pompey flees to Egypt.Cato marches from Cyrene to

Africa.October: Caesar to Egypt.

Death of Ptolemy XII (Auletes):the Egyptian throne nowinherited by Ptolemy XIII andCleopatra VII.

Parthian invasion of Syria: ananxiety to Cicero in his province(Cilicia).

Murder of Pompey.

The 'Bellum Alexandrinum' andCaesar's liaison with Cleopatra.



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47

4 6

45

Consuls (from September):Q. Fufius CalenusP. Vatinius

(THE 'INTERCALARY YEAR')Consuls:

C. Iulius Caesar 111M. Aemilius Lepidus

Dictator (April, for 10 years):C. Iulius Caesar III

Master of Horse:M. Aemilius Lepidus, cos.

Consuls:C. Iulius Caesar IV (solus, tillOctober)

Suffects:Q. Fabius Maximus (died 51Dec.)C. TreboniusC. Caninius Rebilus (31 Dec,suftect for Fabius Maximus)

Dictator (from April):C. Iulius Caesar IV

Master of Horse:M. Aemilius Lepidus, cos. 46

September: Caesar returns to Italy.Moratorium on debts.PTriumph:

M. Aemilius Lepidus for HitherSpain.

2) December: Caesar sets out forAfrica.

July: Caesar returns to Rome.His principal measures 46-44:calendar reform; juries returnedto half senators and half equites;abolition of collegia; interdictio forvis and maicstas; reduction ofrecipients of public corn to1 j 0,000; enlargement of Senate; athird of labour on estates to befree men; citizenship for theTranspadanes; colonialfoundations.

Triumph:C. Iulius Caesar for Gaul, Egypt,Pontus and Africa, Sept.

Dedication of the Forum lulium.Caesar departs for Spain.

Caesar returns from Spain,jo-day supplicatio for Munda.Triumphs:C. Iulius Caesar for Spain.Q. Fabius Maximus for Spain.Q. Pedius for Spain.

Caesar to Pontus: victory at Zelaover Pharnaces of the Crimea.

Birth of Caesarion.

Battle of Thapsus (Feb.).

Battle of Munda (March). Parthian invasion of Syria.

- JSO

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FASTI: CONSULS ANDCENSORS R O M E A N D ITALY THE WEST T H E EAST

44

43

Consuls:C. Iulius Caesar V (to i j March)M. Antonius

Suffect:P. Cornelius Dolabella

Dictator:C. Iulius Caesar V (and perpetuus)

Master of Horse:M. Aemilius Lepidus

Consuls:C. Vibius Pansa CaetronianusA. Hirtius(both died in action)

Suffect:C. Iulius Caesar ('Octavian') toNovemberQ. Pedius (died in office)C. CarrinasP. Ventidius Bassus

Triumviri rei publicae constituendae(from November):

M. Aemilius Lepidus, cos. 46M. Antonius, cos. 44C. Iulius Caesar ('Octavian'), cos.

IJ Feb. Refusal of the diadem.

i; March. Assassination of Caesar.Legislation by Antony.Brutus and Cassius leave for theEast.

Arrival of C. Octavius, whomakes formal acceptance ofCaesar's inheritance.

Antony departs to Gaul.

Triumphs:L. Munatius Plancus for Gaul.M. Aemilius Lepidus for Spain.

C. Iulius Caesar ('Octavian')marches on Rome and getshimself made consul, 19 Aug.

Proscriptions:

7 Dec. the murder of Cicero.

Trebonius executed by Dolabellain Asia.

Emergence of Sextus Pompeius. Brutus seizes Macedonia.

Antony besieges D. Brutus inMutina.

Defeat of Antony at ForumGallorum and Mutina.

Death of the consuls in action.Antony joins Lepidus in

Transalpine Gaul.

Cassius seizes Syria.



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chronological table...m. aemilius scaurus over the carni. 32 senators removed and stage performances...

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