chs. 17 & 18 - waves iii. wave behaviors reflection refraction diffraction interference
TRANSCRIPT
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Chs. 17 & 18 - Waves
III. Wave BehaviorsReflectionRefractionDiffraction Interference
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A. Reflection
Reflectionwhen a wave
strikes an object and bounces off
incident beam reflected beam
Normal
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A. Reflection
InversionA transverse wave
traveling to a fixed end or colliding with a denser medium will flip on its way back
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A. Reflection
Reflecting light in a mirrorA type of transverse wave
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A. Reflection
Ultrasonic waves
Ultrasound Medical Imaging SONAR“Sound Navigation Ranging”
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A. Reflection
RADARRadio detection and ranging
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A. Reflection
Reverberation echo effect produced
by the reflection of sound
Anechoic chamber - designed to eliminate
reverberation.
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B. Refraction
Refractionbending of waves when passing
from one medium to anothercaused by a change in speed
• slower (more dense) light bends toward the normal
SLOWER
FASTER
• faster (less dense) light bends away from the normal
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B. Refraction
Surface waves (ocean waves)Do not travel throughout the entire mediumRefracted as the water depth changesBends toward the shore
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B. Refraction
Refraction of light depends on…
speed of light in the medium
wavelength of the light - shorter wavelengths (blue)bend more
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B. Refraction
Example:
View explanation.
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B. Refraction
Example:The “broken” pencil
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C. Diffraction
Diffraction
bending of waves around a barrier
Smaller opening = more diffraction
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C. Diffraction
longer wavelengths (red, for light) bend more, especially when the opening is small - opposite of refraction
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D. Interference
Interference – occurs when 2 or more waves overlapconstructive interference 2 or more waves combine
to produce a wave with larger displacement
Constructive - louder
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D. Interference
destructive interference 2 or more waves combine to produce a wave with smaller displacement
Destructive - softer
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D. Interference
For light – brighter portions show constructive interference, darker show destructive interference
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E. Cool Applications!
Fiber OpticsTotal Internal Reflection
• when all light is reflected back into the denser medium
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E. Cool Applications!
The “Broken Pencil”refraction
View animation and explanation of the “Broken Pencil.”
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E. Cool Applications!
Rainbowsrefraction-reflection-refraction
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E. Cool Applications!
Diffraction Gratingsglass or plastic made up
of many tiny parallel slitsmay also be reflectivespectroscopes, reflective
rainbow stickers, CD surfaces
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E. Cool Applications!
Thin Films - Bubbles & Oil Slicksinterference results from double reflection
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E. Cool Applications!
Blue Sky & Red Sunsets
NOON• less atmosphere• less scattering• blue sky, yellow sun
SUNSET• more atmosphere• more scattering• orange-red sky & sun
• Molecules in atmosphere scatter light rays.
• Shorter wavelengths (blue, violet) are scattered more easily.
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E. Cool Applications!
Resonancespecial case of forced
vibrationobject is induced to
vibrate at its natural frequency