church and sacraments 4
TRANSCRIPT
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SACRAMENTS
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SACRAMENTS: DEFINITION
Sacrament is derived from Latin sacramentum Used of a military oath of allegiance
The word, which was first used by Tertullian, isconnected with sacrareor consecrare, and the termmeans a legally valid and permanent removal of a
person or thing from the sphere of human law to thatof divine law. M. Schmaus, Dogma 5, The Church asSacrament, 27.
Baptism and the Lords Supper, then, are the
military badges and signs of allegiance to Christ Sacramentumis Latin translation Greekmusthrion,
mysterion, which we transliterate as mystery, amystery, unknown until revealed.
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SACRAMENTS: DEFINITION
Augustine defined sacrament:An outward sign of an inward (or invisible) grace.
Or, a sacrament is a visible word.
Donald Bloesch defines sacraments asthe visible Word or the visible form of the Word. Yet .
. . there can be no sacrament apart from theproclaimed and read word of Scripture. The sacramentis a supplement to the Word but not a substitute for it.While the sacraments are supremely helpful in the
application of the fruits of our salvation, the Wordalone is indispensable for salvation. There is nofullness of the Church without the sacrament, butthere can be true fellowships of believers apart fromthe sacraments.Evangelical Theology, 2:89.
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SACRAMENTS: DEFINITION
The Larger Catechism, answering Q. #162, givesthe following definition: A sacrament is an holyordinance instituted by Christ in his church, tosignify, seal, and exhibit unto those that are
within the covenant of grace, the benefits of hismediation; to strengthen and increase their faithand all other graces; to oblige them toobedience; to testify and cherish their love and
communion one with another; and to distinguishthem from those that are without.
See also WCF27; S.C. # 92.
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SACRAMENTS vs ORDINANCES
Not everyone is satisfied with the termsacrament.
Many evangelicals, particularly those withBaptistic leanings, prefer to use the language of
ordinances. The Baptist View affirms that there are two
ordinances, Baptism and Communion.
This term is preferred to sacrament. Since it
(baptism) was ordainedby him (Jesus), it is properlyunderstood as an ordinance rather than a sacrament.It does not produce any spiritual change in the onebaptized. M. Erickson, Christian Theology, 1096.
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SACRAMENTS: ROMAN CATHOLIC
Expands the two sacraments of Scriptureinto a total of seven (7) sacraments Baptism
Eucharist
Confirmation Penance
Matrimony
Holy Orders
Anointing of the Sick (formerly, ExtremeUnction) Denzinger, Enchirdion Symbolorum,1601.
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SACRAMENTS: ROMAN CATHOLIC
In Roman Catholic thinking, the sacramentscontain the grace that they signify
Traditionally, ex opere operato, by the workperformed
As long as the priest has the correct authority andintention, the sacrament produces its effect
Roman Catholic theologian, Michael Schmaus, notesthat sacrament can be understood as the realsymbolic manifestation, the historical and social-
physical expression, of grace. . . . The sacramentsachieve their effect through the act of signifying:Significando efficiunt quod significant.Dogma 5, 33-34.
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SACRAMENTS: LUTHERAN
There are Two Sacraments, Baptism andLords Supper (although the AugsburgConfession allows for confession as a third
sacrament). There is an inherent efficacy to the
sacraments, although they hold to the
necessity of faith in the recipient for graceto accomplish that which is promised.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
Sacraments are signs and seals of thecovenant of grace, Rom. 4:11, He received the sign of circumcision
as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faithwhile he was still uncircumcised. The purpose was
to make him the father of all who believe withoutbeing circumcised, so that righteousness would becounted to them as well
Gen. 9:12,13, And God said, "This is the sign ofthe covenant that I make between me and you
and every living creature that is with you, for allfuture generations: I have set my bow in thecloud, and it shall be a sign of the covenantbetween me and the earth.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
Gen. 17:7, And I will establish my covenantbetween me and you and your offspringafter you throughout their generations for aneverlasting covenant, to be God to you and
to your offspring after you. . . .This is mycovenant, which you shall keep, betweenme and you and your offspring after you:Every male among you shall becircumcised. You shall be circumcised in theflesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a signof the covenant between me and you.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
Sacraments are immediately institutedby God to represent Christ and hisbenefits Matt. 28:19, Go therefore and make
disciples of all nations, baptizing them in thename of the Father and of the Son and ofthe Holy Spirit
I Cor. 11:23, For I received from the Lordwhat I also delivered to you, that the LordJesus on the night when he was betrayedtook bread
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
Sacraments are immediately instituted by Godto to confirm our interest in Christ I Cor. 10:16, The cup of blessing that we bless, is
it not a participation in the blood of Christ? Thebread that we break, is it not a participation in the
body of Christ? I Cor. 11:25-6, In the same way also he took thecup, after supper, saying, This cup is the newcovenant in my blood. Do this, as often as youdrink it, in remembrance of me. For as often asyou eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaimthe Lord's death until he comes.
Gal. 3:27, For as many of you as were baptizedinto Christ have put on Christ.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
There is no automatic application of Grace;instead, faith on the part of the recipient isrequired (in the case of adults), S.C. Q. 91Acts 2:38, And Peter said to them, Repent and
be baptized every one of you in the name of JesusChrist for the forgiveness of your sins, and you willreceive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
1 Corinthians 11:28-29, Let a person examinehimself, then, and so eat of the bread and drink of
the cup. For anyone who eats and drinks withoutdiscerning the body eats and drinks judgment onhimself.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
There is the promise of benefit to worthyrecipients, i. e., not living in deliberate sin Matt. 26:27-8, And he took a cup, and when he had
given thanks he gave it to them, saying, Drink of it,all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which
is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. I Cor. 11: 28, Let a person examine himself, then,
and so eat of the bread and drink of the cup.
John 6:53-4, So Jesus said to them, Truly, truly, I
say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son ofMan and drink his blood, you have no life in you.Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood haseternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
There is a close spiritual relation, or sacramentalunion, between symbol and the thing signified Rom. 6:3,4, Do you not know that all of us who have
been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into hisdeath? We were buried therefore with him by baptism
into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised fromthe dead by the glory of the Father, we too might walkin newness of life.
I Cor. 10:16,21, The cup of blessing that we bless, isit not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread
that we break, is it not a participation in the body ofChrist? . . . You cannot drink the cup of the Lord andthe cup of demons. You cannot partake of the table ofthe Lord and the table of demons.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
There is a close spiritual relation, or sacramentalunion, between symbol and the thing signified
Titus 3:5, he saved us, not because of works done by
us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy,by the washing of regeneration and renewal of theHoly Spirit.
I Peter 3:21, Baptism, which corresponds to this, nowsaves you, not as a removal of dirt from the body butas an appeal to God for a good conscience, throughthe resurrection of Jesus Christ.
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SACRAMENTS: REFORMED
There is no virtue in the sacrament itself(ex opere operato): S.C. Q. 91, A- Thesacraments become effectual means of
salvation, not from any virtue in them, orin him that doth administer them; but onlyby the blessing of Christ, and the working
of his spirit in them that by faith receivethem.
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SACRAMENTS