church documents - rayan lobo,sj

Referrecnces from Church Documents

References from the Church Documents

For the Theology Comprehensive Exams

Collected and Edited by

Rayan Lobo, SJ


DV

DV 2 tells us that God in his goodness and wisdom chose to reveal himself and made

known the mystery of his will (paraphrased). - that his will was that all people should

have access to the Father through Christ in the Holy Spirit and thus become sharers in

his divine nature. - emphasizing the self-communication of a Trinitarian God. - the most

intimate truth which this revelation gives us about God shines forth in Jesus Christ.

DV4 and Heb 1:1-2 will say after God had spoken many times and in various ways

through the prophets, in these last days he has spoken to us by a Son. - --the most

intimate truth which this revelation gives us about God shines forth in Jesus Christ.

DV5 will say the obedience of faith is nothing but a willful assent to the revelation given

by God.

DV 2&7 - Church claims the Jesus Christ is the sum total of revelation

DV8 will tell us that what the apostles experienced and expressed (in a special way in the

inspired books, i.e. Scripture) was to be preserved in a continuous line of succession till

the end of time. In other words, the original deposit of faith

DV9 will say “Sacred Scripture is the speech of God as it is put down in writing, under

the breath of the Holy Spirit.”

DV10 says scripture and tradition go hand in hand. They together make up a single

sacred deposit of the Word of God. - DV 10 states clearly that the task of giving an

authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of

tradition has been entrusted to the living (teaching office) of the church alone.

Magisterium is not above the word of God. But is at the service of the Word. - It listens

to the word of God devoutely. - Guard it with dedication. - Expounds it faithfully.

LG


LG 1 - “The Church in Christ, is in the nature of the sacrament, a sign & instrument i.e.,

of communion with God & unity of all humanity.” Divine (invisible nature, faith reality)

and Human (visible nature, historical & hierarchical).

LG-2: It speaks about the role of God the Father in the Church: Theo centric - God in his

wisdom and goodness created the whole universe to share in his divine life. - LG 2 :

Foundation – church is part of the God’s plan of salvation

LG 3: speaks about the role of the Son- giving form-life. Christocentric - Christo –

Centric Origin of the church (role of Jesus Christ) - LG 3: Inaugurated by the son

LG 4: The symbolism of the origin of the Church is very important because the Spirit

guides the Church, inspires the Church, leads the Church to the finality or destination.-–It

speaks of the birthing of the church on the day of Pentecost.

LG 5 : Church is the budding forth or the initial seed of realization of the kingdom. - LG 4

: Role of the spirit - Spirit continues the mission of Jesus through the Church.-LG 4:

Spirit: Pneumato centric – sustenance and finality of the church.

LG 10: “For their part, the faithful join in the offering of the Eucharist by virtue of their royal

priesthood. They likewise exercise that priesthood by receiving the sacraments, by prayer and

thanksgiving, by the witness of holy life, and by self denial and active charity.” LG 10 making

a positive statement on common priesthood of the faithful, tries to show that Common

Priesthood is different from the Ministerial Priesthood - not only in degree but also in essence

LG 10: Ministerial Priesthood - Ministerial priesthood by sacred powers - forms and

rules the priestly people. - acting in the person of Christ, he makes present the Eucharistic

sacrifice.- Offers it to God in the name of all the people - They exercise that priesthood in

receiving the sacraments, in prayer and thanksgiving, in the witness of a holy life, and by self-

denial and active charity.

LG -11 E is the source and summit of Christian life and mission( Lg 11)

LG 13: All people are called to belong to the new people of God. They are present in all

nations of the earth. - LG 13 -Foundation of Priesthood -- Christological: foundation of

the ministry and mission - Ecclesiological: - mission of Jesus Christ is carried out by the

Church- the People of God.


LG 14 : Catholic faithful:

By virtue of baptism, accepting different means of salvation, and believing in common

priesthood. LG 14 : The church is necessary for salvation and Christ who(is present in

the church) is the mediator and the way of salvation;

LG 15 : Speaks of unity among / with other baptized Christians by recognizing :

Jesus I the norm of faith and life.

Believing in God the Father.

Receiving Baptism and other sacraments.

Celebrating Eucharist.

Devotion to Mary.

LG 16:- All religions are inspired; other religions also have a ray of truth;

People of other religions

1. Jews: Covenant promises of YHWH made to them.

2. Muslims: Acknowledge god as creator = faith in Abraham – believe god as merciful –

God will reign on the last day.

3. Unknown god: pagans, Greeks, Hindus,(seeking the Unknown god).

4. Seeking God( Do not know that God is Christ) but living according to god’s will

living good lives according to the conscience.

5. No Knowledge of god bu lead good life: - nature worshippers(Forces of nature as

manifestations of god)

6. Atheists: reason without faith.

LG 23 : Individual Bishops - Visible Principle - Foundation of Unity- in their particular

churches.-Individual Bishops exercise their pastoral governance over – People of God committed

to their care - Not over other churches - Not over the universal church - LG 23 speaks about the

many local churches of east which have their own – tradition , theology etc.

LG 25 - Patrine ministry. - It is Pastoral - LG 25 lays down conditions for statements of

infallibility: - Pope speaking not as private person but as supreme Pontiff.- Agreement with


Sacred Scripture and Tradition - Agreement with Universal Episcopate - Made with sufficient

investigation before teaching.- In agreement with the present faith of the Church.

LG 28: Functions of the Ministerial Priesthood LG 28 says that the Ministerial priesthood is basically

a ministry of service. Teaching, sanctifying, shepherding. Preach the Gospel, shepherd the faithful,

celebrate divine worship - LG 28 lists the functions of an ordained minister. - Their primary

functions are – Sanctifying - Teaching - Shepherding the flock

LG 30-38 places the laity in their rightful place as the people of God

LG 30 clearly states that “everything that has been said of the People of God is addressed

equally to the laity, religious and the clergy.”

LG 31: In their own way share the priestly, prophetic and kingly office of Christ and to the best

their ability carry on the mission of the whole Christian people in the church and in the world

Seek the KOG by engaging in temporal affairs and directing them according to God’s

will.

They contribute through temporal works, charisms to the welfare of the church and co-

operate in the mission of the church.(1 Cor 12,14)

- “all the faithful except those in Holy Orders and those who belong to a religious state

approved by the Church.” - “who by baptism are incorporated into Christ, are placed in

the People of God, and they share the priestly, prophetic and kingly office of Christ, and

to the best of their ability carry on the mission of the whole Christian people in the

Church and in the world.”

LG 31 says that all Christian faithful all in their own way share in these 3 functions. That

is the prophetic, priestly and kingly functions of Christ.

LG 32 stresses on the point that though we may perform different functions, in terms of dignity

and our participation in the work of the Church, we are all equal.

LG 33 :


- Sharing in the salvific mission of the church

- To make the church present and fruitful in those places and in circumstances where it

is only through them the church can become the salt of the earth.

LG 34-36 - As baptized Christians (Heb 13:15) we share in one priesthood of Jesus Christ

which also means the triple function of priesthood

LG 10 &34 - The faithful join in the offering of the Eucharist by virtue of their Royal Priesthood.

- How to exercise the priesthood? - By receiving the sacraments - By witness of holy life -

- LG -35 : Jesus proclaimed KOG through word and deeds. We need to bear witness to the

kingdom through a life of witness by engaging in temporal affairs and directing life according to

God’s will, open to the spirit(Life of faith, hope and love). i.e. by engaging in temporal offers and

directing life according to God’s Will, open to the Spirit (especially a life of faith, hope and love)

- LG 36(Kingly Office) - Exercise Kingly function by - Serving others - helping others

search - holiness of life - Spreading of love, joy, peace.

LG 38 – Be a witness before the world to the resurrection and life of the Lord Jesus and a sign of

the living God.

LG 53: It connects Mary to Christ and the church by noting, “Mary is one with all human

beings with their need for salvation”. At the same time she is pre –eminent and altogether

singular member of the church.

LG 56 : States about the immaculate conception. Mary was pre-destined to be the mother

of God. Thus Mary is seen in reference to Jesus Christ.

LG 62 : Mary is addressed a advocate – helper - benefactress, mediatrix.

Involvement and sharing in the Jesus’ life and mission ( LG 56)

LG 63 - her holiness implies her single minded commitment to God’s salvific plan and

historical fidelity to God.)

GS


GS 1- speaks of deep sense of solidarity of the church with the whole of human family stating;

joy and hope, grief and anguish of the world are of the church as well.

GS 2 -The church opens itself to the entire world [reaching out to all] not only to its members

[sons and daughters of the church]

GS 4- States the responsibility of the church in reading the signs of the time and interpreting

them and addresses the issues.

GS 11 : We are called to discern and see the genuine signs of the presence of the spirit in these

realities.

GS 12 : “Communion among persons is a necessary condition to develop his/her gifts. - : “God

did not create HB as solitary being.”

Man was created to the image of God, as able to to know and love his creator and a set

him over all earthly creatures that he might rule them and make use of them while

glorifying God.

This partnership of man and woman constitutes the first form of communion between

persons.

GS 13 speaks of Sin

Man abused freedom – sought to attain his goal apart from God.

Raptured his relationship with God – other men and creatures.

But the Lord himself came to – “free” or strengthen man.

GS 14 – Essential nature of Man

Man’s dignity requires that he should glorify god in his body and not allow it to serve

the evil inclinations of his heart.

GS 15

Dignity of the Intellect,, of truth and Wisdom.

The intellectual nature of man in widom draws the human mind to look for and to love

what is true and good.

GS 16


Dignity of Moral Conscience: in his conscience man is alone with God whose voice

echoes in his depths calling him to love and do what is good and to avoid evil.

GS 17

The excellence of freedom

Only in freedom man can turn himself towards what is good.

God willed that man should be left in the hand of his own counel so that he might of his

own accord seek his creator and freely attain his full and blessed perfection by cleaving

to him.

GS 22 :

Christ – the New man.

The truth is that only in the mystery of incarnation word does the mystery of man take on

light.

He who is in the image of the invisible God I himself the perfect man.

He restores the divine likeness which had been disfigured from first sin onward.

In HIM god reconciled us himself and among ourelves.

GS 24 : In his fatherly care for all of us, God desired that all men should form one family and

deal with each other in a spirit of brotherhood.

GS 40 -Dialogue/ relationship between church and the world. [Church is called to be leaven in

the world.]

Gs 42 -What the church offers to the society through it nature and mission i.e. universal.

Gs 43- Christians have a duty towards the world [what church gives -GIVE]

Gs 44 -What the church receives from the modern world. [RECEIVE].

GS 58: the church can enter into communion with different forms of cultures, thereby enriching

itself and culture themselves.


AG

AG – 1 church is divinely sent to the nations as universal sacrament of salvation. (Church

is called to be the salt and light).

AG – 2: Source of mission: is father’s love – fountain like love of God.

AG – 3: Mission of the son: God enters into human history through his son (incarnation)

to establish a relationship of peace and communion.

AG – 4: Mission of the spirit: Continues the mission of god/ Jesus in the church

(Pentecost)- AG 4 : Spirit was in the world before Christ was glorified.

AG – 5: Mission of the Church: Initially through the ministry of the disciples and then

through the church, the mission of Christ is continued even today. The church is the

sacrament of salvation today.

AG – 6: What is mission?

“Missions” term for particular undertakings by the heralds of the gospel – sent out by the

church going forth into the whole world, carrying out the task of preaching the gospel

and planting the church among the peoples or groups who do not yet believe in Christ.

EA

Patrine ministry.

Ecumenism is a sign of unity(EA)

EA 10: Jesus is the highest gift that church can offer to the people of Asia. In this sense

mission is a privilege and duty of the church.

EA 11: Jesus is the God man who saves.

EA 12: Only in the person of Jesus does God’s word of salvation appear in all its

fullness.

EA 13 : Jesus Christ is the truth of humanity

EA 14: Uniqueness and universality of salvation in Christ.

Jesus Christ mains history’s center and goal.


EA 15 –

Affirms that one can discern God’s salvific presence in the plurality of religions and

cultures.

Speaks of the presence of spirit of God in creation and history.

HS sow seeds of truth among all people irrespective of their religion, culture, or

philosophy( means these are capable of helping people to work against - evil to promote

life.)

HS serves as prime agent of – Dialogue – cultures – and religions.

EA 15 – Rays of truth in other religions.

EA 21: speaks of inculturation. Church gives importance to inculturation because –

evangelization and inculturation are naturally and intimately related to each other.

EA 22: Areas of Inculturation: Theology – Liturgy - Formation os evangelizers

EcumenismLG 15, EA 23 -28)

Ecumenism is a process directed towards achievement of unity among all Christian churches.

Done by - overcoming mutual suspicion and hatred.

Collaboration – taste of proclaiming God’s love.

Establishing the KOG.

Not oneness ( bringing into one God) but unity( a conciliar fellowship).

witness to Christ.

EA 24: in the midst of many different peoples, cultures, religions, the life of the church

as communion – assumes greater importance.

Hence unity within the church has specific relevance in Asia where there are divisions,

conflicts et.

EA 25: Communion within the Church (at every level such as particular church, parish

level, etc. –


EA 25 : speaks of communion within the church through universal authority of the

Pope(not juridical power)

- Service(diakonia)

- Communion in and through diocese/ particular church/BCC/SCC etc.

EA 26: Solidarity among churches (openness and collaboration with one another –

Regional – National - International

Ea 27: catholic eastern churches (calling for more and more collaboration between east

and west – overcoming fears and misunderstandings)

EA 28: Speaks of sharing hopes and sufferings.

EA 31 : Speaks of IRD: IRD is developed in a context of - Desire to respect. –

Understanding - Openness to the believers - Willingness to listen to their differences.

- EA 32: Church is called to reach out all people especially in loving service of the poor

and destitutes.

- EA 33: speaks of the dignity of human person and encourages all to work towards the

promotion of human rights, justice peace etc.

(Moltman, lindbeck(Synod of Bishops – 1971) – EN, LE, SRS, Centiasimus Annus)

EA 34: Preferential love for the poor and voiceless, because the Lord has identified

himself with them.

EA 36 : work for health care(HIV,AIDs, etc)

EA 37 : Education for all

EA 38 : peacemaking among all.

EA 40 : Condemns foreign debts, corruption, misappropriation of Public funds.

EA 41 : Environmental( stewardship) – protecting the environment and caring for the

earth.

EA 45 : Speaks of the role of the laity as missionaries by baptism and confirmation.

Charismatic and Service -EA 25

RM


RM 5: Uniqueness and universality of salvation: No one comes to the Father except through me

+ Acts 4, 12. He used Paul, John and Timothy to support this view.

RM 6 : No separation between Jesus of history and word of god.

RM 7-8 : Faith in Christ is directed to man’s freedom. It doesn’t abrogate his freedom.

RM 13 : Christ makes the kingdom present. that is through his life and public ministry

inaugurated the kingdom.

RM 14 & 15: This kingdom for all:brings forgiveness- healing - leads to salvation( Lk 18, 14 -

30) - transforms human relations\ Kingdom demands us to love and serve one another.

RM 16 - KOG is fulfilled in the Risen Lord and proclaimed. After the resurrection, there is a

transition from kingdom of God to Jesus Christ himself because Christ (risen) becomes the

manifestation/expression of the kingdom of God. - For this it demands: a love of others -

resulting in collaboration - harmony - mutual enrichment

SC

SC 5 : Christological dimension . What do we celebrate in the liturgy? The Paschal mystery of

Jesus Christ.

Passover in the OT and NT where Jesus comes offering himself – lamb that is

sacrificed.

Pasch: the Passover that Jesus underwent is something - remedial – redemptive .

This process is experiential – existential and transitional.

SC – 6 : Historical / Sacramental / Biblical understanding of Pasch:

How do we celebrate?

Through signs and symbols - because it is community activity.

SC – 7: Ecclesial: who celebrates?

- It is the Church, body of Christ. By coming together we are giving the message of Salvation.

SC 7 it calls the church to use such signs which are perceived by the people.

SC – 8 : Eschatalogical dimension: Until when we celebrate?


Until the Lord comes in glory.

This is not the final, there is more to it. This celebration

(Paschal mystery) – so the eschatological dimension.

The church by incarnating itself into different cultures redeems them from the oppressive and

dehumanizing elements( SC 36-40,)

SC 11 – it (SC) recommends that the faithful must be properly disposed inorder that the liturgy

may be effective. It is the duty of pastors to ensure that the faithful take part in the liturgy

actively and are fully aware of what they are doing, inorder tobe enriched by it.

SC 47 :Memorial - The E is a memorial of Christ’s Passover, the making present and the

sacramental offering of his unique sacrifice, in the liturgy of the church which is his body.

SC 59 :

Luthers contention was that five sacraments have no biblical basis. They were instituted

by the church, not being faithful to the Lord’s command.

For Luther only – Scripture ( Sola Scriptura) and Faith alone( Sola Fedei)

Council of Trent reacted and said all 7 sacraments are originated from Jesus Christ.

Today we make use of Rahner’s argument to explain how God is the author of

sacraments:

“In so far as God willed the church, he also willed its constituent elements”;

Scripture – sacrament and Magisterium.

SC 59 says - the purpose of sacraments is to – sanctify men, build up the body of

Christ, to give worship to God.

UR

UR 1: The division within the church openly contradicts the “Will of Christ”.

UR 4 : defines ecumenical movement as – the initiative and activity, encouraged and

organized to promote Christian Unity.

UR 4 : Defined Ecumenical movement as a means to foster Christian unity.


UR 7 : Speaks of the need for interior conversion; need to change attitudes, mindsets etc.

UR 8: Speaks of spiritual ecumenism – need for private common prayer.

UR 11 : speaks of hierarchy of truths, since they vary in their relation to the foundation/

core Christian faith. Not all truths defined by the catholic church belong equally to the core

of faith.

NA

NA 1,2,3 - Mission command

NA – 1 : All human beings form one human community, having common origin and

common destiny. That is in God .

NA – 2 : CC church rejects nothing that is true and holy in other religions. It exhorts

spiritual + moral goods of these religions must be acknowledged, promoted and

preserved

EN

EN 8 : as an evangelizer, Christ primarily proclaimed the KOG.

EN 28 : ….to evangelize is first of all to bear witness, that in his son, God has loved the

world.

PO

The other sacraments are bound up with the E and are oriented towards it. …for in the blessed E is

contained the whole spiritual good of the church, namely Christ himself , our pasch( PO 5)

As a king he rules from the throne of the cross (reference to Kingdom by the thief & INRI on the

cross) – PO

PO - As Prophet Jesus preaches from the pulpit of the cross

By self denial and active charity. - As priest Jesus offered the sacrifice on the altar of the cross –

PO .


UUS

Ut Unnum Sint(1995) Pope John Paul II asks all the churches to reconsider and redefine Papacy

UUS 80-82

Examines the role of papacy as visible sign and guarantor of unity while pointing out the

divisions between churches and the painful sufferings due to Papacy.

The principle of collegiality is a better way for ecumenical dialogue.

Ecumenical dialogue raises hope for reconciliation and unity among Christians.

Evangelii Gaudium

EG # 3

We should renew our encounter with Jesus.

o Renew the covenant

o Save me once again Lord

o No one is excluded from the joy brought about by the Lord - # LG 13 & 16

Link - Revelation

Human Person – Image and likeness of God.

God never tires of forgiving us

No one can strip us of the dignity bestowed on us by boundless and unfailing love. –

Human Person - Image and likeness.

EG#12

Evangelization is the work of God. – AG – 2 ; LG - 3

Jesus is the first and the greatest evangelizer. – AG – 3 ; LG - 3

God takes initiative – he loved us first – Faith and revelation.


God asks everything from us and also he asks everything from us - Mission –

Evangelization – AG 6

Evangelization is first and foremost about preaching the gospel to those who do not know

Jesus.

There are many quietly seeking God and they have the right to receive the gospel – LG

16, ND 855-56.

Christians have the duty to proclaim the gospel without excluding anyone - GS 12, LG

13, 16 , GS 22, GS 24, EA – 10.

Church grows not by proselytizing rather by “Attraction” – need for life witness. –

Ecclesiology – Mission – theology of Religions – LG 38, 35.

Missionary task must remain foremost importance.

Remembers Latin American Bishops who said , “ we cannot wait passively in our

churches, we need to move out –

# 32

Papal Reformation:

Papacy and central structures of the church too need pastoral conversion.

Excessive centralization complicates churches life and her missionary outreach. – UUS

80 -82, Papal Primacy – Centralization – Ecumenism.

# 33

Need to be Bold and creative. – in goals – structure – methods of evangelizing in

respective communities – Worship – indigenization – inculturation etc.

Don’t move alone rather walk together with your brother bishops.

Not enough to say - we have always done it this way.

# 49

Church must go into the streets


I would prefer a church which I bruised, hurt and dirty because it has been out on the

streets rather than being a church which is unhealthy by confining itself and by clinging

on to its own security.

I do not want a church being at the centre and then gets caught up in the web of

obsessions

# 54

Excluded are still waiting for the trickling down. – Human person – Societal injustice –

Mission

# 56

Imbalance is the result of ideologies.

# 85

Christian Triumph is always a cross, at the same time a victorious banner born of -

aggressive tenderness.

# 103-104

Church must expand the role of women – but the reservation 0f the priesthood to males –

is not a question open to discussion.

Ministerial Priesthood - We are in the realm of function and not dignity or holiness

Ministerial Priesthood is a means employed by Jesus for service of people.

#112

Salvation is a work of God’s grace: - it’s the work of his mystery.

#118

European Catholic Culture isn’t normative for the whole Church – Indigenization –

Inculturation – Re reading – Church History etc.


# 121

All are called to offer to others an explicit witness to the saving love of the Lord.

#167

Proclaiming Christ means not only something right and true rather – beautiful, which is

capable of filling life with new splendor and profound joy.

# 201

You can’t say that you don’t have time for the poor.

None of us are exempt from the concern for the poor and for social justice.

# 218 -219

Peace includes Justice.

#251

True Inter Religious Dialogue –Deepest convictions – clear and joyful in one’ own

identity –

Open to understand other party

Knowing that dialogue can enrich each side.

Evangelization and Inter Religious dialogue mutually support and nourish each other.

#263

Times are hard today but times have always been hard.

Extra

Confessional should not be a torture chamber, rather encounter with God’s mercy.

Eucharist is not a prize for the perfect rather it’s a powerful medicine and nourishment

for the weak.

Evangelizer should never look as though person has just come from a funeral. – having

received the joy of Christ – whose lives glow with fervor.


We need politicians who are disturbed by the state of the society – people and the poor.

Primary reason for evangelizing is the love of Christ.

Laudato Si

#6

Environmental destruction comes from the same evil that leads to social destruction: moral

relativity

# 14

We all must work together to protect our planet

#20, 22

Pollution hurts the poor and is linked to the “throwaway culture”

#25

The poor are hurt the most by climate change

#33

Creatures are not just resources, but have value in and of themselves and give glory to God

#61

Church doesn’t mean to stifle honest scientific debate

#62-63

Science isn’t enough, we must also factor in the Gospel


# 84

“Our insistence that each human being is an image of God should not make us overlook the fact

that each creature has its own purpose. None is superfluous. The entire material universe speaks

of God’s love, his boundless affection for us. Soil, water, mountains: everything is, as it were, a

caress of God.”

#113-114

Care for the environment is a matter of intergenerational justice

#117 - “When we fail to acknowledge as part of reality the worth of a poor , person, a human

embryo, a person with disabilities – to offer just a few examples – it becomes difficult to hear the

cry of nature itself; everything is connected.”

# 155

“Learning to accept our body, to care for it and to respect its fullest meaning, is an

essential element of any genuine human ecology.

“A healthy relationship with creation is one dimension of overall personal conversion,

leads to heartfelt repentance and desire to change.”

#160

“What kind of world do we want to leave to those who come after us, to children who are now

growing up?

#217

Christians need an ecological conversion

#223

Discover God in all things

#233

“The universe unfolds in God, who fills it completely. Hence, there is a mystical meaning to be

found in a leaf, in a mountain trail, in a dewdrop, in a poor person’s face. The ideal is not only to


pass from the exterior to the interior to discover the action of God in the soul, but also to

discover God in all things.”

#235

“The Sacraments are a privileged way in which nature is taken up by God to become a means of

mediating supernatural life.”

ND

ND 210 – Written book and unwritten traditions as coming from the mouth of Christ. OR being

inspired by the HS and preserved in the continuous succession in the CR.

ND 211 – Canon of Scripture - List of OT books

ND 212 – List of NT books

ND 213 - If anyone doesn’t accept these books in their entirety with all their parts as they are

being read in the catholic church and are contained in the ancient Latin vulgate editions, as

sacred and canonical and knowingly and deliberately rejects the aforesaid traditions – anathema

Sit.

ND 241-244 – are from the Biblical Commission( Santa Mater Ecleisia(1964)

ND 240-245 mention about the 3 stages involved in the formation of the gospels. - Jesus

Event: - Oral Tradition: - Gospels:

ND 241: The interpreter must take careful note of the three stages of tradition by which the

teaching and the life of Jesus came down to us.

ND 242 :

Christ attached to himself certain chosen disciples who had followed him from the

beginning, had seen his works and heard his words and thus were qualified to become

witnesses to his life and teaching.

Jesus during his teaching of word of mouth used ways of reasoning and expression which

were common use at that time.


ND 243 :

Apostle bearing witness to Jesus first and foremost- the death and resurrection of Jesus.

They faithfully recounted the life and words, as regard the manner of their preaching –

took into account the circumstances of the hearers.

Apotl s recounted Jesus’ life –acts –words in the light of the fuller understanding they

enjoyed as a result of being instructed by glorious events accomplished by Christ and

illuminated by the spirit of truth.

ND 244:

The sacred writers took the earliest body of instructions which were handed down orally

first and then in writing.

ND 272:

Contribution of the modern philosophical hermeneutics, recent developments of literary theory

allows exegesis, deepen its understanding of the task before it.

Ancient Exegesis: Attributed to every text of scripture – several levels of meaning.

Medieval Sense: Distinguished within the spiritual sense three different sense :

Historical Critical exegesis method: One single meaning.

ND 273:

Speaks of the importance of seeking the important meaning of the text as proclaimed by the

authors – the literal meaning.

St Thomas Aquainas speaks of the importance of this.

Since this is the fruit of the inspiration, this sense is also intended by God, as Principal author.

This is done by careful analysis of the text within its literary and historical context.

ND 274

Modern Hermeneutics: Adding new meaning to the original sense.

Jesus truly God and truly man(ND 614-615)

ND 646: (Council of Florence): She firmly believes, professes and preaches that no one ever

conceived from man and woman has been freed from the dominion of the devil, except through

faith in Jesus Christ our Lord, the mediator between God and human beings…


Jesus is the (unique) only mediator and saviour of humankind(Mk 16,16; Acts 4,12: 1 Tim 2,5, ND

646)

ND 855 – 56 :

To gain eternal salvation it is not always required that a person be incorporated into the

church, but what is required is desire and longing.

This desire need not necessary be explicit- he/she is saved because of the good

disposition of the soul( conscience).

ND 1041, 1042Confirmation affirms the missionary character of the church and we have an

obligation to the mission of the Church()

ND 1311: Anathama sit.

That the sacrament of the new law or one or not all instituted by Jesus, our Lord.

In fact there are more that 7 sacraments.

Or any of these truly and properly sacrament)

T’RENT( ND 1318) by its doctrine of “ex-opera operato”

ND 1441: Through Baptism one is made a member of the church, sharing in the priesthood of

the Saviour.

a. We are strengthened

b. Bound more perfectly to the church.

c. Obliged to defend and spread the faith by word and deed as true witnesses of Christ.

ND 1516 : In the E the author of sanctity himself is present before the sacrament is used(

Trent –In the E Christ gives us the very body which he gave up for us on the cross, the

very blood which he poured for many for the forgiveness of sins.

ND 1526 - “ In the holy E the body and blood together with the soul and divinity of J

Christ is - truly – really and substantially contained.

ND 1527: In the E there is a change of the whole substance of the bread into his body and

the whole substance of wine into his blood, while only the species remain change which

the catholic church calls - transubstantiation.


Change of whole substance of bread to Body

Change of whole substance of wine to Blood ---Transubstation.

ND 1555: If anyone says that in the mass a true and a proper sacrifice not offered or the offering

consists merely in the fact that Christ is given to us to eat – Anathema Sit

ND 1555: E as a sacrifice:

ND 1935 : “…we are said to be justified gratuitously because nothing that precedes justification,

neither faith nor works, merits the grace of justification. For it is by grace, it is no longer on the

basis of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.(Rom 11,6).

CCC

(CCC 1365 – 1368): the E is a sacrifice. The sacrificial character is manifested in the very

words of institution – “This is my body which is given for you” and “This cup which is poured

out for you is the new covenant in my blood”.

(CCC 1547).:Catechism of the Catholic Church explains it thus: “ While the common

priesthood of the faithful is exercised by the unfolding of baptismal grace – a life of faith, hope

and charity, a life according to the Spirit, the ministerial priesthood is at the service of the

common priesthood. It is directed at the unfolding of the baptismal grace of all Christians.

The ministerial grace is a means by which Christ unceasingly builds up and leads his Church.

For this reason it is transmitted by its own sacrament, the sacrament of Holy Orders.”


Mediator Dei says, “it is the same priest, Christ Jesus, whose sacred person his minister

truly represents. This does not mean that a priest is free from all weakness, error and sin.

But his sinful nature does not affect the fruit of grace.

SRS

SRS( Solicitudo Rei Socialis – social concern of the church) – 29,40(JP II, 1987)

- The document speaks of spreading the church’s teaching, especially the option for the

poor.

- Recognizes the injustice of the few having so much and the many having nothing.

LE

JPII in LE 4 stated that -work constitutes a fundamental dimension of human existence in the

world.

LE 19,25 : Affirms the dignity of work based on the dignity of worker.(Laborem Exerces – JP II ,

1981)

CD

Divine institution (CD 2): Visible sign of Christ.

Communion between the hierarchy and the laity(CD 2)

Redemptoris Mater – JP II – 1987

It was to rekindle interest in Mariology among theologians.

Marialus Cultus: Cult of Mary – 1974 – Paul VI

Tells how to have devotions to Mary