ci il & st t lcivil & structural ... - engineers australia...cement & concrete association formed in...

Ci il & St t lCi il & St t lCivil & Structural Civil & Structural Enginee ing PanelEnginee ing PanelEngineering PanelEngineering Panel

June 22 2010June 22 2010June 22 2010June 22 2010Daksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory

T: 02T: 02--90299029--2076 E: [email protected] E: [email protected] 22, 2010June 22, 2010 11

Technical PresentationTechnical Presentation

Concrete: Standards SustainabilityConcrete: Standards SustainabilityConcrete: Standards, Sustainability, Concrete: Standards, Sustainability, and Engineering Resourcesand Engineering Resources

Daksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC Advisory T: 02DMC Advisory T: 02--90299029--2076 E: 2076 E: [email protected]@ozemail.com.auJune 22, 2010June 22, 2010 22

Speaker:Speaker:

Daksh BawejaDaksh BawejaDaksh BawejaDaksh BawejaPrincipal DMC AdvisoryPrincipal DMC Advisory

Daksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC AdvisoryT: 02T: 02--90299029--2076 E: [email protected] E: [email protected] 22, 2010June 22, 2010 33

Chairman & Seminar Convener:Chairman & Seminar Convener:Gene HulowatyiGene HulowatyiGene HulowatyiGene Hulowatyi

Secretary & Vote of Thanks:Secretary & Vote of Thanks:Scott MunterScott Munter

Copy of tonights presentation will beCopy of tonights presentation will beCopy of tonights presentation will be Copy of tonights presentation will be posted on EA’s websiteposted on EA’s website


PPProgramProgram6 00 pm Technical Session6 00 pm Technical Session6.00 pm Technical Session6.00 pm Technical Session7.15 pm Questions7.15 pm Questionsp Qp QFuture eventsFuture events7 30 Cl7 30 Cl7.30 pm Close7.30 pm Close


kkHouse keepingHouse keeping Emergency ExitsEmergency Exits ConveniencesConveniences Mobile phonesMobile phones Mobile phonesMobile phones QuestionsQuestions-- at end of at end of

presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation Courtesy to speakersCourtesy to speakers


Presentation SummaryPresentation Summary

Industry Overview: Who’s Industry Overview: Who’s WhoWho

Standards on Concrete andStandards on Concrete and Standards on Concrete and Standards on Concrete and Component Materials Component Materials --UpdateUpdateUpdateUpdate

Sustainability and concreteSustainability and concreteyy Engineering Resources Engineering Resources ––

Where to get HelpWhere to get HelpWhere to get HelpWhere to get HelpDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Concrete FactsConcrete Factsllll AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA Virtually no Virtually no

construction isconstruction is AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

23 million cubic metres 23 million cubic metres f tf tconstruction is construction is

possible possible of concrete per annumof concrete per annum

USAUSA

without the use without the use of concreteof concrete

350 million cubic 350 million cubic metres of concrete per metres of concrete per annumannumof concreteof concrete annumannum

WORLDWORLD 6 billion cubic metres 6 billion cubic metres

of concrete per annumof concrete per annum


Concrete is a “BIG” IndustryConcrete is a “BIG” Industryh ?h ? h hh h What is concrete?What is concrete?

AS3600: Mixture of AS3600: Mixture of cement aggregates andcement aggregates and

Who is in the concrete Who is in the concrete industry?industry?

DesignersDesignerscement, aggregates and cement, aggregates and water, with or without the water, with or without the addition of chemical addition of chemical admixturesadmixtures

DesignersDesigners SuppliersSuppliers

ConcreteConcreteadmixturesadmixtures AS1379 further classifies AS1379 further classifies

concrete intoconcrete into

BindersBinders Other component Other component

supplierssuppliers PlasticPlastic HardenedHardened Normal ClassNormal Class

supplierssuppliers Delivery industriesDelivery industries Product suppliersProduct suppliers

Normal ClassNormal Class Special ClassSpecial Class

ConstructorsConstructors

ALL of us are in the ALL of us are in the “concrete” industry“concrete” industryconcrete industryconcrete industry


Industry Overview:Industry Overview:Industry Overview:Industry Overview:Who’s who in concrete?Who’s who in concrete?

Ash Development Ash Development Association of AustraliaAssociation of Australia

Good questionsGood questionsWhy do we have so manyWhy do we have so manyAssociation of AustraliaAssociation of Australia

Australasian (Iron and Australasian (Iron and Steel) Slag AssociationSteel) Slag Association

Why do we have so many Why do we have so many groups in the concrete groups in the concrete industry?industry?Steel) Slag AssociationSteel) Slag Association

Concrete Institute of Concrete Institute of AustraliaAustralia

Are they all the same?Are they all the same? Who are these groups?Who are these groups?

Why are they relevant toWhy are they relevant toAustraliaAustralia Cement Concrete and Cement Concrete and

Aggregates AustraliaAggregates Australia

Why are they relevant to Why are they relevant to engineers?engineers?

What do they do?What do they do?gg ggg g CSIROCSIRO


Concrete: Key Historical FactsConcrete: Key Historical Facts

First used in 5600 BCFirst used in 5600 BCGreat Pyramids built inGreat Pyramids built in

Reinforcement mesh Reinforcement mesh patentedpatented –– 19101910 Great Pyramids built in Great Pyramids built in

2500 BC2500 BCFi t d d dFi t d d d

patented patented 19101910 Concrete pumping Concrete pumping ––

1910 (about)1910 (about) First recorded modern First recorded modern use of concrete use of concrete --1700’s1700’s

1910 (about)1910 (about) Prestressing (Eugene Prestressing (Eugene

FreyssinetFreyssinet)) –– 192819281700 s1700 s First patent on Portland First patent on Portland

cementcement 18241824

FreyssinetFreyssinet) ) –– 19281928 Steel fibres (modern) Steel fibres (modern) ––

19631963cement cement –– 18241824 First transit mixer First transit mixer --

19091909

19631963

19091909Daksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Concrete in AustraliaConcrete in Australia Verandas at Parliament Verandas at Parliament

House Brisbane House Brisbane --18701870 First cement standard First cement standard

published in 1925published in 1925 Portland cement first Portland cement first

made in South Australia made in South Australia ––18821882

Concrete structures code Concrete structures code CA2 first published in CA2 first published in 1934193418821882

Retaining wall systems in Retaining wall systems in Sydney HarbourSydney Harbour 19101910

19341934 Early application of Early application of

precast concrete in 1950precast concrete in 1950Sydney Harbour Sydney Harbour –– 19101910 First Portland cement in First Portland cement in

Darra QueenslandDarra Queensland –– 19171917

precast concrete in 1950precast concrete in 1950 AS1480 (preAS1480 (pre--AS3600) AS3600)

published in 1974published in 1974Darra Queensland Darra Queensland –– 19171917 published in 1974published in 1974 AS3600 first published in AS3600 first published in

1988198819881988Daksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


History of CCAA and theHistory of CCAA and theHistory of CCAA and the History of CCAA and the Concrete InstituteConcrete Institute

Cement Manufacturers Cement Manufacturers Association formed in 1919Association formed in 1919C t & C t A i tiC t & C t A i ti

Australian Prestressed Australian Prestressed Concrete Group (APCG) Concrete Group (APCG) formed in 1962formed in 1962 Cement & Concrete Association Cement & Concrete Association

of Australia formed in 1946of Australia formed in 1946 National National ReadymixedReadymixed Concrete Concrete

formed in 1962 formed in 1962 Concrete Institute of Australia Concrete Institute of Australia

formed out of APCG in 1969formed out of APCG in 1969yyAssociation formed in 1967Association formed in 1967

Australian PreAustralian Pre--Mixed Concrete Mixed Concrete Association formed in 1994Association formed in 1994Association formed in 1994Association formed in 1994

Cement Concrete and Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia formed in Aggregates Australia formed in 20032003


History of the ADAA and ASAHistory of the ADAA and ASA


Australasian (iron and Australasian (iron and steel) Slag Associationsteel) Slag AssociationAssociation of AustraliaAssociation of Australia

Technically based Technically based organisationorganisation

steel) Slag Associationsteel) Slag Association Technically based Technically based

organisationorganisationgg Formed in 1991 out of the Formed in 1991 out of the

National Ash AssociationNational Ash AssociationComposed of ashComposed of ash

gg Formed in 1990Formed in 1990 Representing slag Representing slag

producers processorsproducers processors Composed of ash Composed of ash marketers and power marketers and power generatorsgenerators

producers, processors, producers, processors, marketers, customers, and marketers, customers, and suppliers suppliers

Others welcomedOthers welcomed Others welcomedOthers welcomed


History of CSIRO and itsHistory of CSIRO and itsHistory of CSIRO and its History of CSIRO and its Relationship to EngineeringRelationship to Engineeringp g gp g g

Started in 1916 Started in 1916 –– Advisory council of science and Advisory council of science and industryindustryindustryindustry

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research set up Council of Scientific and Industrial Research set up in 1926in 1926in 1926in 1926

Focussed on Australian issues Focussed on Australian issues –– “National “National laboratory”laboratory”laboratorylaboratory

Has had a significant focus on engineering Has had a significant focus on engineering ––perhaps some what less nowperhaps some what less nowperhaps some what less nowperhaps some what less now

Important to continue to lobby government to Important to continue to lobby government to ensure CSIRO continues to focus on engineeringensure CSIRO continues to focus on engineeringensure CSIRO continues to focus on engineeringensure CSIRO continues to focus on engineering


Industry Bodies can ProvideIndustry Bodies can ProvideIndustry Bodies can Provide Industry Bodies can Provide Support for EngineersSupport for Engineerspp gpp g


Can provide excellent Can provide excellent technical information fortechnical information forAssociation of AustraliaAssociation of Australia

Australasian (Iron and Australasian (Iron and Steel) Slag AssociationSteel) Slag Association

technical information for technical information for engineersengineers

Each organisation has:Each organisation has:--Steel) Slag AssociationSteel) Slag Association Concrete Institute of Concrete Institute of

AustraliaAustralia

Each organisation has:Each organisation has: Long historyLong history Vast knowledgeVast knowledgeAustraliaAustralia

Cement Concrete and Cement Concrete and Aggregates AustraliaAggregates Australia

gg Information important to Information important to

engineers and engineeringengineers and engineering

K l d t fK l d t fgg ggg g

CSIROCSIRO Knowledge transferKnowledge transfer Need to know where to Need to know where to

looklooklooklookDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Standards on Concrete andStandards on Concrete andStandards on Concrete and Standards on Concrete and Component Materials Component Materials -- UpdateUpdatepp pp

Brief review of the new AS3600Brief review of the new AS3600 AS1379 AS1379 –– Specification and Supply of Specification and Supply of

ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete AS3972 AS3972 –– Portland and Blended CementPortland and Blended Cement AS3582 Series AS3582 Series –– Supplementary Supplementary

Cementitious MaterialsCementitious MaterialsCementitious MaterialsCementitious Materials


Changes in AS3600Changes in AS3600--20092009 Strength grades of 80 Strength grades of 80

MPa and 100 MPa MPa and 100 MPa New design properties New design properties

of materialsof materials Higher yield strength Higher yield strength

reinforcement andreinforcement and Compressive strengthCompressive strength Tensile strengthTensile strengthreinforcement and reinforcement and

two levels of Ductility two levels of Ductility ClassClass

gg Modulus of elasticityModulus of elasticity Shrinkage and creepShrinkage and creepClassClass

Wider range of design Wider range of design and analysis methodsand analysis methods

Shrinkage and creepShrinkage and creep Coefficient of thermal Coefficient of thermal

expansionexpansionand analysis methods and analysis methods pp Updated durability Updated durability

provisionsprovisionsprovisionsprovisionsDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


The New AS3600: DurabilityThe New AS3600: Durability

Change to exposure classification CChange to exposure classification C C1 C1 –– Spray zoneSpray zone C2C2 –– Tidal and splash zoneTidal and splash zone C2 C2 Tidal and splash zoneTidal and splash zone

Guidelines for the following in the new Guidelines for the following in the new ddcodecode

Abrasion resistanceAbrasion resistance Sulfate and saline soilsSulfate and saline soils Cover provisions for corrosion protectionCover provisions for corrosion protection Cover provisions for corrosion protectionCover provisions for corrosion protection


Standards Road MapStandards Road MapStandards Road MapStandards Road MapAS3600 and component material standardsAS3600 and component material standards

AS3600AS3600 AS1379AS1379 AS1379AS1379AS3600AS3600Design of ConcreteDesign of Concrete Supply of ConcreteSupply of Concrete Supplement 1Supplement 1Supplement 1Supplement 1

AS1012 ConcreteAS1012 Concrete

AS3972 CementAS3972 CementAS3582 Supplementary AS3582 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCementitious Materials

AS2758 AggregatesAS2758 AggregatesAS1478 AdmixturesAS1478 Admixtures

Constituent MaterialsConstituent MaterialsSampling and TestingSampling and Testing


AS3600:AS3600:AS3600:AS3600:How Component Materials are Called UpHow Component Materials are Called Up

AS3600 defers to AS3600 defers to AS1379 f tAS1379 f t

AS1379 refers toAS1379 refers toAS3972 (Portland andAS3972 (Portland andAS1379 for concrete AS1379 for concrete

specificationspecification(S ifi ti d(S ifi ti d

AS3972 (Portland and AS3972 (Portland and Blended Cement)Blended Cement)

AS3582 (SCM’s for use with AS3582 (SCM’s for use with (Specification and (Specification and Supply of Concrete)Supply of Concrete)

Portland and Blended Portland and Blended Cement)Cement)

AS1478 (ChemicalAS1478 (Chemical Two classesTwo classes

Normal ClassNormal Class

AS1478 (Chemical AS1478 (Chemical Admixtures)Admixtures)

AS2758.1 (Aggregate and AS2758.1 (Aggregate and R k f E i iR k f E i i

Special ClassSpecial Class Rock for Engineering Rock for Engineering Purposes)Purposes) AS1012 (Testing)AS1012 (Testing)S 0 ( est g)S 0 ( est g)


Normal (N) Class ConcreteNormal (N) Class ConcreteNormal (N) Class Concrete Normal (N) Class Concrete Specification in AS3600 and AS1379Specification in AS3600 and AS1379pp

20 MPa, 25 MPa, 32 MPa, 40 MPa and 50 MPa20 MPa, 25 MPa, 32 MPa, 40 MPa and 50 MPa SlumpSlump

20 mm to 120 mm20 mm to 120 mm 10 mm increments having different tolerances10 mm increments having different tolerances

Maximum Aggregate Size:Maximum Aggregate Size:a u gg egate S ea u gg egate S e10 mm, 14 mm or 20 mm10 mm, 14 mm or 20 mm

Density: 2100 to 2800 kg/mDensity: 2100 to 2800 kg/m33 Density: 2100 to 2800 kg/mDensity: 2100 to 2800 kg/m AEA: Up to 5%AEA: Up to 5%


Special Class Concrete:Special Class Concrete:Special Class Concrete:Special Class Concrete:AS1379AS1379

S Class concreteS Class concreteAddresses specific designAddresses specific design

S Class Concrete in S Class Concrete in AS3600AS3600 Addresses specific design Addresses specific design

requirement (other than requirement (other than Normal Class)Normal Class)

AS3600AS3600 20 MPa20 MPa 25 MPa25 MPa

More complexMore complex Testing requirements need Testing requirements need

to be specified in designto be specified in design

25 MPa25 MPa 32 MPa32 MPa 40 MPa40 MPa

to be specified in designto be specified in design Designations of 65 MPa, Designations of 65 MPa,

80 MPa and 100 MPa 80 MPa and 100 MPa ll S i l Clll S i l Cl

50 MPa50 MPa 65 MPa65 MPa

80 MPa80 MPaare all Special Classare all Special Class 80 MPa80 MPa 100 MPa100 MPa


“Cement ain’t cement”“Cement ain’t cement” AS1379 defines AS1379 defines

“cement” as “cement” as a hydraulic a hydraulic bi d d fbi d d f

AS3972 defines AS3972 defines “Portland Cement” as “Portland Cement” as

h d li t hi hh d li t hi hbinder composed of binder composed of Portland or blended Portland or blended cement used alone or cement used alone or

a hydraulic cement which a hydraulic cement which is manufactured as a is manufactured as a homogenous product by homogenous product by

combined with one or combined with one or more supplementary more supplementary cementitious materialscementitious materials

g p yg p ygrinding together grinding together Portland cement clinker Portland cement clinker and calcium sulfate andand calcium sulfate andcementitious materialscementitious materials

Fly ashFly ash Ground granulated iron Ground granulated iron

and calcium sulfate, and and calcium sulfate, and which at the discretion of which at the discretion of the cement manufacturer the cement manufacturer

blast furnace slag (slag),blast furnace slag (slag), Amorphous silicaAmorphous silica

may contain up to 5% may contain up to 5% mineral additionsmineral additions


Mineral Additions andMineral Additions andMineral Additions andMineral Additions andBlended CementsBlended Cements

AS3972 defines AS3972 defines “Mineral Additions” as“Mineral Additions” as

AS3972 defines AS3972 defines “Blended Cement” as“Blended Cement” asMineral Additions as Mineral Additions as

selected fly ash, granulated selected fly ash, granulated iron blast furnace slag, iron blast furnace slag, l b fl b f

Blended Cement asBlended Cement asa hydraulic cement …. grinding a hydraulic cement …. grinding together Portland cement together Portland cement l k d l lfl k d l lflimestone or combinations of limestone or combinations of

these materials that are used these materials that are used in quantities less than 5% by in quantities less than 5% by

clinker and calcium sulfate, clinker and calcium sulfate, and which may contain mineral and which may contain mineral additions up to 5% … and … additions up to 5% … and …

mass in making Portland or mass in making Portland or blended cementblended cement

one of both of the following:one of both of the following: greater than 5% of fly ash greater than 5% of fly ash

or granulated iron blastor granulated iron blastor granulated iron blast or granulated iron blast furnace slag, or both, orfurnace slag, or both, or

up to 10% amorphous up to 10% amorphous iliilisilicasilica


In simple terms …..In simple terms …..

BindersBinders Supplementary Supplementary cementitiouscementitious

Portland cementPortland cement Mineral additionsMineral additions

cementitious cementitious materials (directly materials (directly added into concrete)added into concrete)

Blended cementBlended cement Fly ashFly ash

SlSl

added into concrete)added into concrete) Fly ashFly ash SlagSlag SlagSlag

Amorphous silicaAmorphous silica Combinations of aboveCombinations of above

SlagSlag Amorphous silicaAmorphous silica Combinations of theCombinations of the Combinations of aboveCombinations of above

Supplementary Supplementary cementitious materialscementitious materials

Combinations of the Combinations of the aboveabove


Fly ashFly ash

Covered under AS3582.1Covered under AS3582.1A bA b d t f l t i tid t f l t i ti A byA by--product of electric power generationproduct of electric power generation

Derived from burning pulverising coal at a power stationDerived from burning pulverising coal at a power stationTh fi d l i d l i h i hi flTh fi d l i d l i h i hi fl The fired pulverised coal turns into ash within a flue gasThe fired pulverised coal turns into ash within a flue gas

Defined in AS3582.1 as Defined in AS3582.1 as solid material extracted from flue solid material extracted from flue gasses of a boiler fired with pulverised coalgasses of a boiler fired with pulverised coalgasses of a boiler fired with pulverised coalgasses of a boiler fired with pulverised coal

It has pozzolanic properties in mortars and concreteIt has pozzolanic properties in mortars and concreteOth d t (f h) i l d d tOth d t (f h) i l d d t Other products (furnace ash) is also produced at power Other products (furnace ash) is also produced at power stations stations –– all these together are termed coal combustion all these together are termed coal combustion products (CCPs)products (CCPs)products (CCPs)products (CCPs)


Iron blast furnace slagIron blast furnace slag AirAir--cooled Iron Blast Furnace Slag cooled Iron Blast Furnace Slag coo ed o ast u ace S agcoo ed o ast u ace S ag

(ABFS)(ABFS) Molten iron slag from furnace cooled slowlyMolten iron slag from furnace cooled slowly

Iron slag minerals crystalliseIron slag minerals crystallise Iron slag minerals crystalliseIron slag minerals crystallise Used as a coarse aggregate supplement in Used as a coarse aggregate supplement in

certain concretescertain concretes Granulated Iron Blast Furnace Slag Granulated Iron Blast Furnace Slag

(GBFS)(GBFS) Molten iron slag quenched with water andMolten iron slag quenched with water and Molten iron slag quenched with water and Molten iron slag quenched with water and

cooled rapidlycooled rapidly Glassy (amorphous) structure formsGlassy (amorphous) structure forms Used in certain block and paver mixes andUsed in certain block and paver mixes and Used in certain block and paver mixes, and Used in certain block and paver mixes, and

as a fine aggregate supplementas a fine aggregate supplement Mostly used as a feed to produce ground Mostly used as a feed to produce ground

granulated iron blast furnace slag (an SCM)granulated iron blast furnace slag (an SCM)granulated iron blast furnace slag (an SCM)granulated iron blast furnace slag (an SCM)Daksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Ground granulated iron blastGround granulated iron blastGround granulated iron blast Ground granulated iron blast furnace slagfurnace slag

Produced from granulated iron blast Produced from granulated iron blast f lf lfurnace slagfurnace slag

Can be:Can be:-- Directly added to concrete as a binderDirectly added to concrete as a binder Blended with Portland cement (or Blended with Portland cement (or ((

interground with clinker) to produce a interground with clinker) to produce a blended cementblended cement

Used as a mineral addition to cementUsed as a mineral addition to cement


Amorphous SilicaAmorphous Silica Broad category of very fine pozzolansBroad category of very fine pozzolans Broad category of very fine pozzolans Broad category of very fine pozzolans

covered under AS3582.3covered under AS3582.3 Most common amorphous silica in Most common amorphous silica in

Australia is silica fumeAustralia is silica fume Used commonly in:Used commonly in:--

Hi h f tHi h f t High performance concreteHigh performance concrete Sprayed concrete (shotcrete)Sprayed concrete (shotcrete)

Geothermal natural pozzolans (New Geothermal natural pozzolans (New Zealand) also comply with the standardZealand) also comply with the standardZealand) also comply with the standardZealand) also comply with the standard


AS3972AS3972 –– Portland and BlendedPortland and BlendedAS3972 AS3972 Portland and Blended Portland and Blended CementsCements

Currently being reviewedCurrently being reviewed Current typesCurrent types

New issuesNew issues GP to contain up to 10% GP to contain up to 10% Current typesCurrent types

GPGP GBGB

ppmineral additionmineral addition

New classification of minor New classification of minor additional constituentsadditional constituents

HEHE SLSL

SRSR

additional constituentsadditional constituents These form part of mineral These form part of mineral

additionaddition SRSR

Note: Use of SL cement Note: Use of SL cement will not make low shrinkwill not make low shrinkwill not make low shrink will not make low shrink concreteconcrete

Same for SRSame for SR Same for SRSame for SRDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Standards Update SummaryStandards Update Summary

AS3600 published in 2009AS3600 published in 2009AS1379 should undergo some changes toAS1379 should undergo some changes to AS1379 should undergo some changes to AS1379 should undergo some changes to reflect AS3600reflect AS3600--20092009

AS3972 currently under reviewAS3972 currently under review AS3582 seriesAS3582 series –– Planned reviews for flyPlanned reviews for fly AS3582 series AS3582 series –– Planned reviews for fly Planned reviews for fly

ash and possibly amorphous silicaash and possibly amorphous silica AS2758.1 AS2758.1 –– Concrete aggregates under Concrete aggregates under

reviewreviewDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Sustainability and ConcreteSustainability and Concrete

Current thinkingCurrent thinking CSIRO Research CSIRO Research –– Latest DevelopmentsLatest Developments

Green Star: Where is it heading?Green Star: Where is it heading? Green Star: Where is it heading? Green Star: Where is it heading?


Sustainability: Current ThinkingSustainability: Current Thinking

The most widely used and most misunderstood The most widely used and most misunderstood term in the broad industryterm in the broad industryterm in the broad industryterm in the broad industry Scientific issuesScientific issues Legal issuesLegal issues Legal issuesLegal issues Commercial issuesCommercial issues

Lots of work going on (seems uncoordinated)Lots of work going on (seems uncoordinated) Lots of work going on (seems uncoordinated)Lots of work going on (seems uncoordinated) Some themes emergingSome themes emerging Is very important for engineersIs very important for engineers Role of concrete being debatedRole of concrete being debatedgg


Industry Group ActivitiesIndustry Group ActivitiesIndustry Group ActivitiesIndustry Group ActivitiesCCAA and the Concrete InstituteCCAA and the Concrete Institute

CCAA have new CCAA have new publicationspublications

Concrete InstituteConcrete InstituteSustainability has beenSustainability has beenpublicationspublications

Concrete: The responsible Concrete: The responsible choicechoice

Sustainability has been Sustainability has been highlighted as a major highlighted as a major issue at recent R&D forumissue at recent R&D forum

Sustainable concrete Sustainable concrete materialsmaterialsThermal mass benefits forThermal mass benefits for

Working group active on Working group active on this subjectthis subject

Works in with many otherWorks in with many other Thermal mass benefits for Thermal mass benefits for housinghousing

Sustainable concrete Sustainable concrete

Works in with many other Works in with many other issues currently being issues currently being handled by the Institute handled by the Institute (e g durability)(e g durability)buildingsbuildings

Sustainable concrete Sustainable concrete infrastructureinfrastructure

(e.g. durability)(e.g. durability)

infrastructureinfrastructureDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Industry Group ActivitiesIndustry Group ActivitiesIndustry Group ActivitiesIndustry Group ActivitiesADAA and ASAADAA and ASA

Ash Development Ash Development AssociationAssociation

Australasian (iron and Australasian (iron and steel) Slag Associationsteel) Slag AssociationAssociationAssociation

Sustainability is a Sustainability is a significant platformsignificant platform

steel) Slag Associationsteel) Slag Association Sustainability is a major Sustainability is a major

platformplatformgg Fly ash effectively used in Fly ash effectively used in

concrete toconcrete to Enhance performanceEnhance performance

Slag is available as:Slag is available as:-- Supplementary cementitious Supplementary cementitious

materialmaterial Enhance performanceEnhance performance Reduce embodied energyReduce embodied energy

Challenge: How to use Challenge: How to use SCM fl hSCM fl h

materialmaterial Granulate (sand)Granulate (sand) Air cooled material (coarse Air cooled material (coarse

aggregate)aggregate)nonnon--SCM fly ash SCM fly ash (significant resource)(significant resource)

gg g )gg g )

All effectively used in All effectively used in concrete and other concrete and other applicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplications


CSIRO ActivityCSIRO Activity Division of Sustainable Division of Sustainable

EcosystemsEcosystems Research summaryResearch summary

Raised by Dept of Climate Raised by Dept of Climate Change (Federal)Change (Federal) Funding for Climate Funding for Climate

Adaptation researchAdaptation research Dept of Climate ChangeDept of Climate Change

Change (Federal)Change (Federal) Engineering groups and Engineering groups and

other stakeholders had other stakeholders had Dept of Climate Change Dept of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency (DCCEE) funded project on (DCCEE) funded project on “The influence of“The influence of

concernsconcerns No quantification and clear No quantification and clear

understanding in this areaunderstanding in this areaThe influence of The influence of climate change on climate change on deterioration of deterioration of concreteconcrete

understanding in this area understanding in this area beforebefore

DCCEE engaged CSIRO to DCCEE engaged CSIRO to l k hi il k hi iconcrete concrete

infrastructures”infrastructures”look at this issuelook at this issue

Project to be complete late Project to be complete late 201020100 00 0


R&DR&D –– Influence of ClimateInfluence of ClimateR&D R&D Influence of Climate Influence of Climate Change on Concrete StructuresChange on Concrete Structuresgg

Project in 3 partsProject in 3 partsReview of current practice onReview of current practice on

Cases modelledCases modelled Review of current practice on Review of current practice on

durability in design and durability in design and constructionconstruction

Bridge infrastructureBridge infrastructure Port infrastructurePort infrastructure

Simulation of concrete Simulation of concrete deterioration in Australian deterioration in Australian capital cities and mapping ofcapital cities and mapping of

Sewage infrastructure Sewage infrastructure (currently under way)(currently under way)

capital cities and mapping of capital cities and mapping of the deterioration in Australia the deterioration in Australia under changing climateunder changing climateEconomic implications of theEconomic implications of the Economic implications of the Economic implications of the above analysis by case studiesabove analysis by case studies


CSIRO Research Findings to DateCSIRO Research Findings to Date DurabilityDurability Key changesKey changes DurabilityDurability

Considered in designConsidered in design No standard considers potential No standard considers potential

Key changesKey changes Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide

concentrationconcentrationppchange in environment on structureschange in environment on structures

Change should be considered in Change should be considered in design to reduce carbonation anddesign to reduce carbonation and

Increasing temperatureIncreasing temperature Humidity changesHumidity changes

S l l iS l l i h ih idesign to reduce carbonation and design to reduce carbonation and chloride induced deterioration by chloride induced deterioration by changing climate to maintain current changing climate to maintain current

li bilit ( t dli bilit ( t d

Sea level rise Sea level rise –– changing changing splash zonessplash zones

reliability (e.g. cover, cement, grade reliability (e.g. cover, cement, grade etc.) etc.) –– details will be released in the details will be released in the reportsreports


Green Building Council ofGreen Building Council ofGreen Building Council of Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA)Australia (GBCA)( )( )

Green Star specification commonly called up on Green Star specification commonly called up on j tj tprojectsprojects

This specification has been changing and is This specification has been changing and is being continually developedbeing continually developed

Major issues raised with concrete materials Major issues raised with concrete materials jjspecification (Matspecification (Mat--5)5)

GBCA has set up a Concrete Expert ReferenceGBCA has set up a Concrete Expert Reference GBCA has set up a Concrete Expert Reference GBCA has set up a Concrete Expert Reference Panel to review the MatPanel to review the Mat--5 specification5 specification


MatMat--5 Review 5 Review -- GBCAGBCA

Current creditCurrent credit 3 points out of a possible3 points out of a possible

New creditNew credit Work in progress by theWork in progress by the3 points out of a possible 3 points out of a possible

142 allocated to concrete 142 allocated to concrete materialsmaterials1 point for 30%1 point for 30%

Work in progress by the Work in progress by the Concrete Expert Reference Concrete Expert Reference PanelPanelDrive to reduce PortlandDrive to reduce Portland 1 point for 30% 1 point for 30%

replacement by SCMsreplacement by SCMs 2 points for 60% 2 points for 60%

Drive to reduce Portland Drive to reduce Portland cement levels in concretecement levels in concrete

Often goes against Often goes against replacement by SCMsreplacement by SCMs

1 point for 20% 1 point for 20% replacement of naturalreplacement of natural

structural and civil design structural and civil design needsneeds

StructuralStructural--civil engineerscivil engineers --replacement of natural replacement of natural aggregateaggregate

StructuralStructural civil engineers civil engineers please get more involvedplease get more involved


Role of Fly Ash and Slag inRole of Fly Ash and Slag inRole of Fly Ash and Slag in Role of Fly Ash and Slag in Achieving SustainabilityAchieving Sustainability

Thought to be the solutions in the sustainability Thought to be the solutions in the sustainability debatedebate

Not solutions in themselvesNot solutions in themselves These materials can be used to facilitate projectThese materials can be used to facilitate project These materials can be used to facilitate project These materials can be used to facilitate project

technical requirements for efficienttechnical requirements for efficient DesignDesign DesignDesign Materials andMaterials and ConstructionConstruction ConstructionConstruction

ADAA and ASA strongly advocate the use of solid ADAA and ASA strongly advocate the use of solid technical data to support such project solutionstechnical data to support such project solutionstechnical data to support such project solutionstechnical data to support such project solutions


Sustainability and ConcreteSustainability and Concrete Key themes with Key themes with

concrete materialsconcrete materials Other broader themesOther broader themes

Design andDesign andconcrete materialsconcrete materials Embodied energyEmbodied energy Resource efficiencyResource efficiency

Design and Design and construction efficiency construction efficiency criticalcritical

Resource efficiency Resource efficiency (e.g. aggregates)(e.g. aggregates)

Waste reduction (e.g. Waste reduction (e.g.

Modifying materials Modifying materials may impact design may impact design

d id i( g( g

returned concrete)returned concrete) Water efficiency (e.g. Water efficiency (e.g.

and constructionand construction Dematerialisation Dematerialisation

importantimportantuse of recycled water)use of recycled water) importantimportant Engineers hold future Engineers hold future

solutionssolutionssolutionssolutionsDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


Engineering Resources:Engineering Resources:Engineering Resources:Engineering Resources:Where to get HelpWhere to get Helpg pg p

Online informationOnline information How to be sure you ask the right questionHow to be sure you ask the right question

When to use expertsWhen to use experts When to use expertsWhen to use experts When all fails When all fails –– where to?where to?


O li I f tiO li I f tiOnline InformationOnline InformationConcrete Institute of Australia has information on keyConcrete Institute of Australia has information on key Concrete Institute of Australia has information on key Concrete Institute of Australia has information on key aspects discussed previously in this presentationaspects discussed previously in this presentation

Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia (CCAA) haveCement Concrete and Aggregates Australia (CCAA) have Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia (CCAA) have Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia (CCAA) have resources on:resources on:-- Concrete specificationsConcrete specificationspp Concrete materialsConcrete materials Good practiceGood practice Cements and other component materialsCements and other component materials Other issuesOther issues

ADAA and ASA also have information available to helpADAA and ASA also have information available to help ADAA and ASA also have information available to help ADAA and ASA also have information available to help the designer the designer –– practitioner with use of fly ash and slagpractitioner with use of fly ash and slag


ADAA technical data sheetsADAA technical data sheets


Resources available on fly ashResources available on fly ash

New resource informationNew resource information Australian experience with fly ash in concreteAustralian experience with fly ash in concreteAustralian experience with fly ash in concreteAustralian experience with fly ash in concrete PostPost--tensioned structural fly ash concretetensioned structural fly ash concrete Fly ash in Australian StandardsFly ash in Australian Standards

Marine concreteMarine concrete Marine concreteMarine concrete Existing informationExisting information

SustainabilitySustainabilityyy Case studies on AAR and other concrete durability issuesCase studies on AAR and other concrete durability issues Reports on extensive R&D work done on fly ash as an SCM Reports on extensive R&D work done on fly ash as an SCM

in concretein concretein concretein concrete Comprehensive online library of technical papersComprehensive online library of technical papers


Resources Available on SlagResources Available on Slag

ASA has existing information on slagASA has existing information on slag ProductionProduction ProductionProduction SustainabilitySustainability Case studies on AAR and other concrete durability Case studies on AAR and other concrete durability

iiissuesissues Reports on extensive R&D work done on slag as an Reports on extensive R&D work done on slag as an

SCM in concreteSCM in concreteSCM in concreteSCM in concrete Comprehensive online library of technical papersComprehensive online library of technical papers

ASA is conducting a major review of its current ASA is conducting a major review of its current ff

g jg j“Guide to the Use of Iron Blast Furnace Slag in “Guide to the Use of Iron Blast Furnace Slag in Cement and Concrete” publicationCement and Concrete” publication


D bilitD bilitDurability:Durability:Some Useful ReferencesSome Useful References

CCAA: Chloride resistance of concreteCCAA: Chloride resistance of concrete CCAA: Guide on sulfate resistance of concreteCCAA: Guide on sulfate resistance of concrete Concrete Institute Z07: Durable concrete Concrete Institute Z07: Durable concrete

structures (under review)structures (under review) Concrete Institute Z13: Performance Criteria forConcrete Institute Z13: Performance Criteria for Concrete Institute Z13: Performance Criteria for Concrete Institute Z13: Performance Criteria for

Concrete in Marine Environments (under review)Concrete in Marine Environments (under review)


Some useful sitesSome useful sites CCAA:CCAA: CCAA:CCAA:

www.concrete.net.auwww.concrete.net.au

C t I tit t f A t liC t I tit t f A t li Concrete Institute of Australia:Concrete Institute of Australia: www.concreteinstitute.com.auwww.concreteinstitute.com.au

Ash Development Association of Australia:Ash Development Association of Australia: www.adaa.asn.auwww.adaa.asn.au

Australasian (iron and steel) Slag Association:Australasian (iron and steel) Slag Association: www.asawww.asa--inc.org.auinc.org.augg

CSIRO:CSIRO: www csiro auwww csiro au www.csiro.auwww.csiro.au


Where to From Here?Where to From Here?New AS3600New AS3600 Sustainability science is aSustainability science is a New AS3600New AS3600

Major review of AS3972Major review of AS3972“C t i ’t t”“C t i ’t t”

Sustainability science is a Sustainability science is a rapidly changingrapidly changing Drive is there to reduceDrive is there to reduce

“Cement ain’t cement” “Cement ain’t cement” ––they are complex and are they are complex and are strongly linked to SCMsstrongly linked to SCMs

Drive is there to reduce Drive is there to reduce Portland cement levels in Portland cement levels in concreteconcreteS t i tS t i tstrongly linked to SCMsstrongly linked to SCMs

Increased complexity in Increased complexity in using concrete using concrete –– get help get help

Seems to go against Seems to go against structural and civil design structural and civil design needsneedsgg g pg p

where neededwhere needed StructuralStructural--civilcivil--construction construction practitioners need to get practitioners need to get more involvedmore involvedmore involvedmore involved


Where to get HelpWhere to get Help Ash DevelopmentAsh Development Cement Concrete andCement Concrete and Ash Development Ash Development

AssociationAssociation Resources on fly ashResources on fly ash

Cement Concrete and Cement Concrete and Aggregates AustraliaAggregates Australia Concrete specificationsConcrete specifications

Australasian (iron and Australasian (iron and steel) Slag Associationsteel) Slag Association

Concrete materialsConcrete materials Good practiceGood practice

Cements and otherCements and other Resources on slagResources on slag

CSIROCSIROR t i bilitR t i bilit

Cements and other Cements and other component materialscomponent materials

Other issuesOther issues Resources on sustainabilityResources on sustainability Huge historical databaseHuge historical database Concrete Institute of Concrete Institute of

AustraliaAustralia Current Practice NotesCurrent Practice Notes Recommended PracticesRecommended Practices

Online resources increasingOnline resources increasing Online resources increasingOnline resources increasingDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


C t St d dC t St d dConcrete: Standards, Concrete: Standards, Sustainability andSustainability andSustainability, and Sustainability, and

Engineering ResourcesEngineering ResourcesEngineering ResourcesEngineering Resources

QuestionsQuestionsN & ffili tiName & affiliation


ASEC 2010 / CECAR 5ASEC 2010 / CECAR 5

The 5The 5thth Civil Engineering Conference in the Asian Region, Civil Engineering Conference in the Asian Region,

in conjunction within conjunction with

The A st alasian St ct al Enginee ing Confe ence 2010The A st alasian St ct al Enginee ing Confe ence 2010The Australasian Structural Engineering Conference 2010The Australasian Structural Engineering Conference 2010

88thth –– 1212thth August 2010August 201088 1212 August 2010August 2010Sydney Convention and Exhibition CentreSydney Convention and Exhibition CentreDarling HarbourDarling Harbour

More information:More information: www.cecar5.comwww.cecar5.comDaksh Baweja Daksh Baweja –– DMC AdvisoryDMC Advisory


F t M tiF t M tiFuture MeetingsFuture Meetings22 July Meeting22 July Meeting Rocco Bressi &Rocco Bressi &22 July Meeting22 July Meeting-- Rocco Bressi & Rocco Bressi &

Andrew ColangeloAndrew ColangeloAndrew Colangelo Andrew Colangelo Mid City BuildingMid City Building-- 420 George St420 George St

29 June Meeting29 June Meeting-- Chris DannChris DannDelivery of a DamDelivery of a Dam-- Value through Value through

InnovationInnovationInnovationInnovationVote of ThanksVote of Thanks-- Scott MunterScott MunterVote of ThanksVote of Thanks Scott MunterScott Munter


ci il & st t lcivil & structural ... - engineers australia...cement & concrete association formed in...

Documents