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Lyndon Gyurek, Ph.D., Lyndon Gyurek, Ph.D., P.EngP.Eng..Stephen Stephen EdwiniEdwini--BonsuBonsu, Ph.D., , Ph.D., P.EngP.Eng..Jessica Wade, Jessica Wade, P.EngP.Eng..Drainage ServicesDrainage ServicesCity of EdmontonCity of Edmonton

The Future Art of The Future Art of StormwaterStormwaterWestern Canada Water SeminarWestern Canada Water Seminar

Red Deer, ABRed Deer, ABOctober 28, 2009October 28, 2009

City of Edmonton City of Edmonton Watershed ManagementWatershed Management& & StormwaterStormwater StrategiesStrategies

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OutlineOutline•• EdmontonEdmonton’’s Drainage Systems Drainage System•• TSS Total Loading PlanTSS Total Loading Plan

NSWA Regional PlanningNSWA Regional Planning

•• StormwaterStormwater Quality StrategyQuality Strategy•• Low Impact DevelopmentLow Impact Development•• StormwaterStormwater Servicing Strategy (J.W.)Servicing Strategy (J.W.)•• Wetlands Acquisition Strategy (J.W.)Wetlands Acquisition Strategy (J.W.)

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Drainage SystemDrainage SystemTotal

Sewer (km) 5,241No. of MH's 65,886No. of CBMH 8,636No. of CB's 50,936No. of Lakes 158No. of Outfalls 235No. of P/S 71No. of Storgae Tanks 43No. of WWTP 1

Storm: 2,262 kmSanitary: 2,042 kmCombined: 937 km

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4 Major Drainage Basin (~80% storm flow)

Kennedale = 8,400 haQuesnell = 5,900 haGroat Road = 1,600 ha 30th Ave = 5,100 ha

Total area: ~71,000 haDeveloped: ~ 34,000 ha

Storm area: 29,430 haSWMF area: 8,830 haDirect discharge: 20,600 ha

Sanitary area: 29,430 haCombined area: 4,290 ha

GBWWTP

ACRWC WWTP

Drainage BasinsDrainage Basins

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TSS Total Loading PlanTSS Total Loading Planfor City of Edmontonfor City of Edmonton

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Total Loadings to NSRTotal Loadings to NSRCombined Sewer Combined Sewer

OverflowOverflow

StormStorm

Plant EffluentsPlant Effluents

Cumulative Cumulative ImpactsImpacts

+ 400 ha/year new urban development+ 400 ha/year new urban development

Total Load

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TSS LOAD (Tonnes)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

CSO STORM GBWTP/CB GBWTP/FE

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Evolution of Total Loading ConceptEvolution of Total Loading Concept

• Worked with AENV starting 2002 to develop the total loadings framework.

Manage loadings to stay below surface water quality objectives.City flexible in how to meet these objectives.Watershed approach; don’t use up assimilative capacity.Total Loadings a renewal requirement for 2005-2015 Approval.

• Total Loading River study completed in 2005.2-D WASP model using 10 years dataAssessed various pollutants to river

i.e. TSS, TP, BOD, E. coli, metals, pesticides Evaluated point-sources and control options.Numerical load objective – only for TSS.

• Stormwater Quality Strategy (May 2008). • Total Loading Plan (May 2009).

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TLP Core PrinciplesTLP Core Principles• Limit TSS loadings to current annual loadings

Mitigative measures to reduce current loadings, and future loadings from new urban development;Establish achievable load reduction targets;Low Impact Development (LID) to reduce future loadings.

• TLP – builds on core Drainage Strategies:E.g. Stormwater Quality Strategy and LID;E.g. CSO Control Strategy and Gold Bar EPT

• Prove performance through monitoring.• Annual reporting to AENV regulator.

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0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Year

TSS

Load

(kg/

d)

GBWWTP

CSO

StormwaterProjected ---><--- Historical

TSS Load Limit = 28, 870 kg/d

includes Mill Creeks loads

Total Loading PlanTotal Loading PlanMeasured and Projected TSS LoadsMeasured and Projected TSS Loads

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CSO Control Strategy CSO Control Strategy –– system upgradessystem upgradesGold Bar WWTP EPTGold Bar WWTP EPTStormwaterStormwater Quality StrategyQuality Strategy:

Kennedale Wetland Kennedale Wetland –– $7 million wetland and Oil/Grit $7 million wetland and Oil/Grit separatorsseparators

Groat Road Wetland Groat Road Wetland –– concept level, includes O/G separators, concept level, includes O/G separators, estimated $11 million, contingent on land acquisition and faciliestimated $11 million, contingent on land acquisition and facility ty design reviews.design reviews.

2 Low Flow diversions 2 Low Flow diversions –– divert storm, $3.5 million.divert storm, $3.5 million.

Staged LID implementation Staged LID implementation

TLP ComponentsTLP Components

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NSWA Regional PlanningNSWA Regional Planning

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North Saskatchewan River BasinNorth Saskatchewan River Basin

NSWA:NSWA:- non-profit society working to protect and improve NSR water quality and ecosystem health.- guided by a Board of Directors composed of member organizations from within the watershed. - designated Watershed Planning and Advisory Council (WPAC) for NSR under Water for Life Strategy.

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NSR Watershed ManagementNSR Watershed Management• AENV authorized NSWA to prepare an Integrated

Watershed Management Plan (IWMP).• One step in IWMP process is development of reach-

specific water quality objectives (WQO’s).• WQO for TSS for Devon-to-Pakan:

TSS should be ≤17 mg/L 50% of the time, and nearly always ≤164 mg/L (95th percentile) during open-water conditions, when flows less than 350 m3/s.TSS median is 20 mg/L, and 95th percentile is 214 mg/L.TSS above proposed WQO’s during open-water season.

• “… point and non-point source load reductions will be required to meet the TSS, bacterial and TOC objectives.”

• “… for those indicators meeting WQO’s, maintaining water quality will require managing cumulative water quality impacts from all future development and land use changes.”

Source: North Saskatchewan Watershed Alliance (NSWA). 2009. Proposed Reach-Specific Water QualityObjectives for the Mainstem of the North Saskatchewan River. Edmonton, Alberta. 78 pages.Published by the North Saskatchewan Watershed Alliance Society.

Available on the internet at http://Available on the internet at http://nswa.ab.ca/publications/wqonswa.ab.ca/publications/wqo

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EdmontonEdmonton’’s SWQSs SWQS

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OverviewOverview• Hard Infrastructure ($18 million over 10 years)

End-of-pipe “green infrastructure”Hermitage Park / Kennedale constructed wetlandGovernment House Park / Groat Road wetland

BMPslow-flow diversions to sanitary (Quesnell and 30th Ave)oil/grit separators where appropriatebioswales (e.g. Cumberland)

• Education & Outreach; Partnering; Monitoring. • LID practices for new lands, redevelopment.

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Kennedale EndKennedale End--ofof--Pipe Pipe Constructed WetlandConstructed Wetland

Photos taken by L. Gyurek, August 2009

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Government Government House Park House Park

GroatGroat RoadRoadEndEnd--ofof--Pipe Pipe Constructed Constructed Wetland Wetland

Illustration courtesy of Stantec

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Low Impact DevelopmentLow Impact Development

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Conventional Conventional StormwaterStormwater ManagementManagement

• Increased flows with development:- Pre-development: 10-30% ppt- Post-development: 30-60% ppt

• Increased pollutant concentrations and loads

• Need to control release rate and improve stormwater quality

Source:http://www.uvm.edu/~bwemple/G2/hydrology.htmlSource:http://www.uvm.edu/~bwemple/G2/hydrology.html

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Low Impact DevelopmentLow Impact Development

• Innovative stormwater approach to manage stormwater runoff close to source, i.e. where rain falls.

• Water-focused, ecosystem-based approach to design the built environment to function sustainably as part of the ecosystem.

• The goal -to mimic the site's pre-development hydrology using site-specific design features to intercept, infiltrate, detain, and evapotranspire runoff.

• Multi-barrier approach that uses features at the lot-, neighbourhood-, and watershed-level to maintain the on-site water balance.

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LID MultiLID Multi--barrier Approachbarrier Approach

• Lot-level:e.g. minimum soil depth criteria (e.g. 8”)

• Neighbourhood-level:- e.g. reduce road widths;

remove curb/gutters to direct runoff to swales;

• Watershed-level:- e.g. integrate natural wetlands with constructed wetlands for major drainage system; maintain natural stream channels; use wide riparian buffer strips.

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Local ExamplesLocal Examples• Griesbach LEED-ND Neighbourhood• Trumpeter subdivision

(Big Lake Neighbourhood 1, Stage 1) subdivision

• Hodgson wetland and Poplar (Klarvatten) Lake

Integrated existing wetlands into new residential developments

• Rural Northwest Neighbourhood PlanCity as Developer, alternate roadway cross-sections

• North-East Eco-Industrial Planning• Ecological Networks by Office of

Natural Areas• Alta-link Cumberland Bioswale

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Regulatory Role for LIDRegulatory Role for LID

• For example in Edmonton, LID identified as an action item in our Stormwater Quality Strategy (2008-2016).

• Now mandated by AENV as a tool to help Edmonton meet its long-term Total Loading Plan target of capping TSS loads.

• It’s needed to offset TSS loads from new infill developments and urban expansion.

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Edmonton LIDEdmonton LID--related Studiesrelated Studies• Developing LID/BMP Design Criteria:

series of design guidelines and manuals for LID features;comparison of traditional versus LID development with respect to hydrology, capital construction costs, annual O&M costs, life cycle rehab costs; andRecommended long-term monitoring protocols.

• Developing LID Vision/Policy:vision for planning, designing communities;set of supporting policies; andassessing process changes required.

• Eco-Industrial Implementation:Planning & Development initiative

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Next StepsNext Steps• On-going feedback from AENV on TLP• Supplemental trend analysis• TP included in TLP• Groat Road Facility Design• LID Studies• Monitor Kennedale Wetland performance• NSWA Watershed Planning for Capital Region

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Strategies:Strategies:StormwaterStormwater Servicing & Servicing &

Wetland AcquisitionWetland AcquisitionJessica WadeJessica Wade

Stephen EdwiniStephen Edwini--Bonsu Bonsu

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2121stst Century StrategiesCentury Strategies•• The City of Edmonton finalized its Drainage Master Plan and The City of Edmonton finalized its Drainage Master Plan and

received Council Approval in January 2004received Council Approval in January 2004

•• This plan identified issues and strategies to meet the challengeThis plan identified issues and strategies to meet the challenges of s of the 21st Century. Twentythe 21st Century. Twenty--three issues were identified in four three issues were identified in four general areas: Regulatory, Growth, Technology and Customergeneral areas: Regulatory, Growth, Technology and Customer

•• Several issues identified were related to stormwater management Several issues identified were related to stormwater management including:including:Total LoadingsTotal Loadings, , Stormwater Quality EnhancementStormwater Quality Enhancement, , Land Land Use Intensification, Land Drainage FundingUse Intensification, Land Drainage Funding and and Retention of Retention of WetlandsWetlands

•• Thirteen strategies were outlined to address these issues. Thirteen strategies were outlined to address these issues.

•• Several strategies developed to date include: Several strategies developed to date include: Sanitary Servicing StrategySanitary Servicing StrategyCombined Sewer Overflow Control Strategy Combined Sewer Overflow Control Strategy Interconnection Control Strategy Interconnection Control Strategy Opportunistic Sewer Separation Strategy Opportunistic Sewer Separation Strategy Stormwater Quality StrategyStormwater Quality Strategy

•• Other strategies focusing on Other strategies focusing on stormwater management either stormwater management either under under development or still on the planning board for development includevelopment or still on the planning board for development include:de:

Stormwater Servicing Strategy (OnStormwater Servicing Strategy (On--going)going)Wetlands Acquisition Strategy (OnWetlands Acquisition Strategy (On--going)going)Stormwater ReStormwater Re--use Strategy (Proposed)use Strategy (Proposed)

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•• Awarded to AECOMAwarded to AECOM•• Started in July, 2009Started in July, 2009•• Completion scheduled for November, 2010Completion scheduled for November, 2010

Stormwater Servicing Strategy Stormwater Servicing Strategy (SWSS)(SWSS)

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1)1) Existing System EvaluationExisting System Evaluation

Purpose of SWSSPurpose of SWSS……

• Evaluate performance of existing storm systemsEvaluate performance of existing storm systems•• Address what needs to be changed or completed in Address what needs to be changed or completed in

developed areasdeveloped areas•• Identify works required to service new areas and how Identify works required to service new areas and how

these works will be financed. these works will be financed.

2)2) Long Long --Term EvaluationTerm Evaluation

• Address issues that impact longAddress issues that impact long--term development term development of the Cityof the City’’s storm systems storm system

•• Recommend strategies to deal with issuesRecommend strategies to deal with issues

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1) Reviews and Condition Assessment1) Reviews and Condition Assessment•• Data collection and infrastructure reviewData collection and infrastructure review•• Identify servicing gaps & recommend further studies, where Identify servicing gaps & recommend further studies, where

necessarynecessary•• Review impacts of stormwater plans from adjacent Review impacts of stormwater plans from adjacent

municipalitiesmunicipalities

2) Determine Servicing Standards2) Determine Servicing Standards•• Review existing servicing standards from hydrologic Review existing servicing standards from hydrologic

perspectiveperspective•• Assess design criteria for SWMFsAssess design criteria for SWMFs•• Review & incorporate recommendations from the Stormwater Review & incorporate recommendations from the Stormwater

Quality Strategy Quality Strategy •• Evaluate LID principles and stormwater reEvaluate LID principles and stormwater re--use strategies to use strategies to

reduce stormwater quantity/qualityreduce stormwater quantity/quality•• Consider impacts of climate changeConsider impacts of climate change•• Recommend appropriate servicing standardsRecommend appropriate servicing standards

3) Develop Servicing Alternatives3) Develop Servicing Alternatives•• Develop broad servicing alternativesDevelop broad servicing alternatives•• Evaluate performance of existing SWMFsEvaluate performance of existing SWMFs•• Develop prioritization measures for erosion mitigationDevelop prioritization measures for erosion mitigation

Scope of SWSSScope of SWSS……

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4) Address Stormwater Issues, including:4) Address Stormwater Issues, including:

5) Develop Financial Plan and Strategy Implementation5) Develop Financial Plan and Strategy Implementation•• Develop cost estimates for all programs and improvementsDevelop cost estimates for all programs and improvements•• Review the CityReview the City’’s current funding programs current funding program•• Investigate other potential funding mechanismsInvestigate other potential funding mechanisms•• Explore cost sharing mechanisms with adjacent municipalitiesExplore cost sharing mechanisms with adjacent municipalities•• Develop an overall implementation planDevelop an overall implementation plan

Scope Scope ……(Continued)(Continued)

•• Legislation & ByLegislation & By--LawsLaws•• Servicing StandardsServicing Standards•• Prioritization SchemesPrioritization Schemes•• Natural Drainage SystemNatural Drainage System•• Land DevelopmentLand Development•• Wetland & Natural AreasWetland & Natural Areas•• Water QualityWater Quality•• InterInter--jurisdictional Cojurisdictional Co--operationoperation•• Stormwater FinancingStormwater Financing•• Impact of Climate ChangeImpact of Climate Change

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Wetlands Acquisition StrategyWetlands Acquisition Strategy

•• Awarded to Spencer Environmental/Associated EngineeringAwarded to Spencer Environmental/Associated Engineering•• Started in August, 2009Started in August, 2009•• Completion scheduled for June, 2010Completion scheduled for June, 2010

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City of Edmonton Policy CCity of Edmonton Policy C--467 (1995):467 (1995):•• Conservation of Natural Sites in EdmontonConservation of Natural Sites in Edmonton’’s Table Lands.s Table Lands.•• Encourage the conservation and integration of as many Encourage the conservation and integration of as many

environmentally sensitive and significant natural areas into environmentally sensitive and significant natural areas into EdmontonEdmonton’’s future urban environment as are sustainable and s future urban environment as are sustainable and feasible.feasible.

Land Drainage Utility:Land Drainage Utility:

•• Natural wetlands that form a part of the City of EdmontonNatural wetlands that form a part of the City of Edmonton’’s s drainage infrastructure are presently being acquired by the drainage infrastructure are presently being acquired by the Land Drainage Utility on an opportunistic basis. Land Drainage Utility on an opportunistic basis.

•• The City has recommended that wetlands should continue to be The City has recommended that wetlands should continue to be acquired for the purposes of preservation and environmental acquired for the purposes of preservation and environmental sustainability.sustainability.

•• Drainage Services has committed to spending approximately $1 Drainage Services has committed to spending approximately $1 million per year for wetland acquisition. million per year for wetland acquisition.

•• These purchases are to be incorporated into the Drainage These purchases are to be incorporated into the Drainage program capital budget as theprogram capital budget as the opportunity arises. opportunity arises.

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History of Land PurchasesHistory of Land Purchases

--20072007Under Under negotiationnegotiation

~13 ha.~13 ha.Morris PondMorris Pond

2004200419981998$350 K$350 K5 ha.5 ha.ElmjayElmjay PondPond

2004200419971997$1.6 M$1.6 M17 ha.17 ha.Roper PondRoper Pond

2000200019951995$550 K$550 K22 ha.22 ha.Fulton Fulton MarshMarsh

Year of Year of OpeningOpening

Year Year AcquiredAcquired

Land CostLand CostArea Area AcquiredAcquired

SiteSite

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••Whitemud Dr. & 17 StWhitemud Dr. & 17 St

••Constructed: 1999Constructed: 1999

••Fulton Creek OnFulton Creek On--Line Line SWMFSWMF

••3,300 ha U/S watershed3,300 ha U/S watershed

••Wetland PUL: 22 haWetland PUL: 22 ha

••Wetland NWL: 11 haWetland NWL: 11 ha

•• Storage: 810,000 mStorage: 810,000 m33

Photo taken 2001Photo taken 2001

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••Roper Road & 75 St.Roper Road & 75 St.

••Constructed: 2004Constructed: 2004

••Mill Creek OnMill Creek On--Line Line SWMFSWMF

••10,000 ha U/S 10,000 ha U/S watershedwatershed

••Wetland: 11 haWetland: 11 ha

••Storage: 159,000 mStorage: 159,000 m33

Roper Roper WetlandWetland

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ElmjayElmjayWetlandWetland

••76 Ave. & 17 St.76 Ave. & 17 St.

••Constructed: 2005Constructed: 2005

••Gold Bar Creek OnGold Bar Creek On--Line Line SWMFSWMF

••700 ha U/S watershed700 ha U/S watershed

••Wetland PUL: 4.2 haWetland PUL: 4.2 ha

••Wetland NWL: 1.2 haWetland NWL: 1.2 ha

••Storage: 111,000 mStorage: 111,000 m33

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MORRIS MORRIS WetlandWetland

••West of 34th St./ South West of 34th St./ South of 92nd Avenueof 92nd Avenue

••Construction: 2011Construction: 2011

••337 ha U/S watershed337 ha U/S watershed

••Wetland PUL: 13 haWetland PUL: 13 ha

••Storage: 189,100 mStorage: 189,100 m33 Concept DesignConcept Design

ExistingExisting

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The unknownsThe unknowns……•• How may wetlands are still out there?How may wetlands are still out there?•• Where are they located and who owns them?Where are they located and who owns them?•• Can they be incorporated into the drainage system?Can they be incorporated into the drainage system?

•• Inventory wetland sites that have the potential to be developed Inventory wetland sites that have the potential to be developed as as stormwater management facilities and can be incorporated into thstormwater management facilities and can be incorporated into the e drainage infrastructure. drainage infrastructure.

•• Formulate a plan to pursue the acquisition of these wetlands.Formulate a plan to pursue the acquisition of these wetlands.

The strategy is toThe strategy is to……

The approach is toThe approach is to……•• Undertake a desktop screening of potential sites using availablUndertake a desktop screening of potential sites using available e

data inventories and reports.data inventories and reports.•• Undertake field survey to gather site specific data attributes tUndertake field survey to gather site specific data attributes that hat

will enhance the acquisition process and the use of the sites fowill enhance the acquisition process and the use of the sites for r SWMFs. Examined site attributes may include data such as SWMFs. Examined site attributes may include data such as condition of upland surrounding areas, water level and storage condition of upland surrounding areas, water level and storage volume, plant habitat suitability, existing drainage facilities volume, plant habitat suitability, existing drainage facilities (within (within the area), potential catchment/drainage area and wetland the area), potential catchment/drainage area and wetland class/type.class/type.

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•• For each identified candidate site, it will be required to:For each identified candidate site, it will be required to:oo Identify its potential for stormwater management and to functionIdentify its potential for stormwater management and to function

as a wetland. as a wetland. oo Identify any policies that will affect its use, including the prIdentify any policies that will affect its use, including the provincial ovincial

wetland policy, federal policies, and related municipal policieswetland policy, federal policies, and related municipal policies..oo Produce a plan showing site details (such as inlet & outlet locaProduce a plan showing site details (such as inlet & outlet locations, tions,

catchment/drainage area, water level, storage volume, etc).catchment/drainage area, water level, storage volume, etc).oo Identify any site specific constraints and existing wildlife andIdentify any site specific constraints and existing wildlife and plant plant

habitation.habitation.oo Provide recommendations for purchase and cost (in 2010 dollars) Provide recommendations for purchase and cost (in 2010 dollars)

for acquiring the site.for acquiring the site.oo Provide a prioritization scheme (in terms of which site to acquiProvide a prioritization scheme (in terms of which site to acquire) re)

and prepare a schedule in accordance with Drainage Services annuand prepare a schedule in accordance with Drainage Services annual al funding expectations.funding expectations.

The approach is to...The approach is to... (Continued)(Continued)

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Questions?Questions?……....