cien centre for intelligent networks smart grid & future ... grid & future grid –...
TRANSCRIPT
Smart Grid & Future Grid –
Challenges and Opportunities
South Africa
07 June 2013
Prof ZY Dong
Ausgrid Chair, Director Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks, NIER
The University of Newcastle, Australia
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Joint Research Excellence
in Intelligent Electricity Networks
• Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
CIEN is actively working with Ausgrid under NIER on a number of new initiatives
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
National Wealth Building
• Joint Research Centre/research partners Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
TNSPs, DNSPs, research institutions & universities, smart grid technology vendors, CISCO, Ericsson, …
• Delivering to National Infrastructure Priorities Building on data from Smart Grid Smart City projects at Nelson Bay
R&D work on new products for the National Broadband Network by 2015-2016
Customer Applications: Smart Meters, Home Area Network, Electric Vehicles
Grid Applications: Active Volt VAR Control, Fault Detection Isolation and Restoration, Substation Feeder Monitoring, Wide Area Measurements
Energy Resource Management: Storage Batteries, Solar, BlueGen, Distributed Generation, Micro Grid Control
• Funding / clients ARC, CSIRO, EPRI (USA), Defence Dept, Dept of Broadband and Digital Economy, US
Defence, …
Ausgrid, AEMO, AGL, Aurecon, Transgrid, Powerlink, Western Power Corp, Clean Energy Council, TRUenergy, …
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Smart Grid
Distributed/grid computing facility Control Centre
Network node
Network node
Firewall
Operator
Next gen. communication
network
(Internet, wireless comm’s
network)
GenTrans & Dist Networks
Network node
Network sensors &
control
SCADA/EMS
Intelligent
building
Intelligent
appliances
E.V.
users
D.G.
Measurement and
control for DG
Infrastructure
Applications
Standards and Security
Communications and Networks
Sensors, Monitoring and Control
Dynamic Rating
Self Healing
Cost Reflective Pricing
Electric Vehicles
Distributed Renewables
Demand Response
Distributed Generation
Islanding & MicroGrids
Communications and Networks
Source: Energeia
Source: Ausgrid / DRET
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks Source: Ausgrid
Technical Solutions
CIEN Research
methodologies & tools
Power System / market modeling,
operations and planning
Optimization
• Optimal Power Flow
• System planning & operations
• Economic Dispatch / Unit C’t
• ATC Calculation
• Wind farm optimisation
Monitoring
• Load modeling and
parameter estimation
• Contingences
Power system
stability / vulnerability
• Transient, Voltage
Small-signal/osc. stab.
• RE / DG/EV impact
Control Design
• Power System Stabilizer
• FACTS Device
• Wind power/PV control
Soft Computing & Data
Mining
• Computational intelligence
• Learning
• Multi-agents
• Data mining
Computing Platform
• HPC Server / Cluster
• Parallel Computing
• Grid Computing
• Cloud computing
Software Tools PSS/E,DSA,DigSILENT
, PSCAD /EMTDC,
GridLAB-D, ASPEN,
SINCAL, OpenDSS,
Prophet, Plexos,
OPNET, NS-2/3
Smart Grid • Micro-grid
• Grid Apps, Energy
storage, Peakdemand,
DGs, EV, security
Complex Systems
• Vulnerability, security,
topological analysis
• Power network,
comm’s & internet, …
Smart Grid
Cyber System
• ICTnetwork
• Network modelling,
security / vulnerability
Market simulation, risk, forecasting
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Layered Smart Grid Roadmap – NIST 4-layer SG Architecture Model
Conceptual Model
System Architecture
Generic domains: Power System, Telecommunications & IT architectures
Specific: AMI, EV, WAMS, AVVC, AFR, (Ausgrid: Grid Apps, ERM, FDIR)
CIEN Smart Grid Research
Power systems
Telecommunications
IT/computing
Generation, conventional and
renewable, centralized and distributed
Transmission and subtransmission
networks, interconnections and
system security
Distribution, supply reliability and
operations
Wireless solutions WAN, LAN, 3G, LTE
Broadband
Enterprise services bus
CIM – common information model
Power model
Data cleansing
Historian, and Data mining,
Visualisation
DMS – distribution management
system (GE staff)
OMS - Outage management system
SCADA/EMS
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
CIEN & partners’ smart grid
research projects – A Data-Driven Intelligent Distribution System for Smart Grid – Dynamic line rating in a smart grid – Distributed forecasting. – Knowledge discovery from system measurement data. – Distribution Network Reconfiguration. – Volt VAR Planning and Real-Time Control – Real Time Measurement Data Based Dynamic Line Rating – Modelling, Analysis and Networked Control of Smart
Distribution Grids – Wide area composite coordination of frequency regulation
strategy in Smart Grids – Autonomous Decentralized Systems – Grid Computing Platform for Power System Stability
Assessment. – Wind power prediction, planning and wind farm impact on
system stability. – Smart grid (cyber) security & vulnerability modelling tool
and assessment algorithms – Future grid – Load modelling
Power system control &
reliability and telco
Peak demand &
reliability
Market / financial /
investment efficiency
enviro
nm
ent
Source: Ausgrid
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Some research/industry projects 2012-13 Ausgrid project: STATCOM Study 2012-13 Ausgrid project: ERM Battery Trial Management and Study 2012-13 Aurecon projects: Yallourn Excitor modeling; Eraring Gas Turbine Connection
Study; Yallourn Generator Modelling, … 2012-2015 CSIRO Future Grid Flagship Grant 2012 - 2013 Generator Grid Connection Compliance Studies 2012-2013 EPRI - Power system reactive power prediction and control 2012-2015 Security Assessment for Smart Grids Involving Cyber-Physical Interdependency 2011- 2014 NETWORK VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR
A SMART GRID 2012-2014 Increased power transfer capacity through SVC control 2013-2015 Robust electricity networks accommodating high levels of renewables 2011-2014 An investigation of the impacts of increased power supply to the national grid by
wind generators on the Australian electricity industry 2011-2016 Power system data analysis and self-healing 2011-2015 Cyber Physical System and Networked Control based Electric Vehicle Optimal
Dispatch and Control 2010-2011 Power system reactive power prediction and sensitivity analysis (PI) 2010-2011 Dynamic power system load modelling studies 2010-2011 Analysis on CEM MV Distribution Loss
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
System security and vulnerability
assessment • System security assessment to avoid cascading failure
requires high computational efficiency – Deterministic vs probabilistic stability assessment
– Grid computing
– Load modelling & its impact
• In addition to conventional time domain methods and energy based methods, new methods have been proposed – Data mining & intelligent system & WAMS based approach
– Complex system based approach
– Sensitivity based approach EPRI funds, IEEE Taskforce member on cascading failure, State Grid funds, PM&C funds
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Intelligent system based security
assessment
Knowledge Base
Generation
Input and Output
variables
Significant-
Feature selection
Intelligent
Algorithm training
Results utilization
Robustness
Reliability
Accuracy
.
.
.
.
.
.
Development Implementation
Intelligent Stability
Assessment
System
Knowledge Base
Off-Line Simulation
Historical archives
Significant-Feature
Selection
Off Line
Real-time System
Measurements
Classifier/Predictor
Stability Assessment
Results
Real Time
Decision Making
Learning
...……
input output
Other Useful Information
Updating
ZY Dong, P Zhang, Y Xu and KP Wong, “intelligent system for power system security assessment”, invited paper IEEE intelligent
systems journal (2010)
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
13
Complex Systems
approach Vertex (Bus)
undirected weighted graph
Vehicles(vertex)
Road (Edge)
IEEE 14 bus system and the corresponding topological model
Edge (Branch)
The information exchange efficiency measures the
network security
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Load Modelling (load model parameter
identification & generalisation)
• Research Problems: – Different values of parameters describe different dynamic
properties of load model. – using different dynamic response data in the task of parameter
identification will obtain different parameter values. – how the real dynamic properties of load model can be reflected by
the appropriate selection of load model parameters. – Specific measurement based load modelling, PSS_E, DigSILENT
• Support: EPRI, ARC, HKPU, SG/EPRI, Western Power Corp, AEMO • CIGRE C4.605: Modelling and Aggregation of Loads in Flexible
Power Networks
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
On-line automatic var predictive
control (EPRI)
• Operational data (CIM format)
• Predict system Var & recommend reactive power switching to maintain overall grid voltage stability
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Learning Model
Data Base Data cleansingFeature
Selectiontraining
Learning/Mining
Algorithm
Reactive power
forecasting module
Q-V quantitative
analysis module
Correlation
Analysis
Human
Expert input
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Bus No.
V (
p.u.
)
Initial Voltage profile
Resulting Voltage profile
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
16
Wind Resource Analysis and
Prediction Package –
OptiWIND© • Short term wind forecast (min, hours, days)
– For operations
• Long term wind resource analysis (n x years)
– For wind farm planning, and wind Atlas
• Stand alone at client PC
• Server based
• Interactive graphic user interface
• Most commonly used wind turbines (Nordex, Vestas, SWT, GE)
Identified offshore suitable regions for wind energy in HK
Map of the cumulative tracks of all tropical cyclones during 1985–2005
A wind turbine destroyed by typhoon in Taiwan
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
17
Wind turbine selection
(HK) Wind Speed Forecast
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x 104
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Speed
Time (Minutes)
- Predict - Actual
Severe Tropical Storm Kammuri (Julian)
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ow
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(MW
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95 % PI of Linear Regression
Observed Wind Power
Lower Bound of PI
Upper Bound of PI
Short-term wind power interval
forecasting (TAS wind)
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Vestas V80 (2000 KW) Mean Power Production = 0.2029 (MW)
Capacity (MW)
Fre
quency (
%)
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SWT-3.6-107 (3.6 MW) Mean Power Production = 0.3653 (MW)
Capacity (MW)
Fre
quency (
%)
Wind Power Output:
Vestas V80 vs Siemens SWT-3.6
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
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Wind Farm Layout
Optimisation
Mean Power Output = 8.1751 MW
Mean Power Losses = 0.4628 MW
Mean Power Output = 8.2034 MW
Mean Power Losses = 0.4345 MW
Mean Power Output = 8.2604 MW
Mean Power Losses = 0.3775 MW
Mean Power Output = 7.8700 MW
Mean Power Losses = 0.7679 MW
Mean Power Output = 7.9883 MW
Mean Power Losses = 0.6496 MW
Mean Power Output = 8.0725 MW
Mean Power Losses = 0.5654 MW
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200kWh per 30 minute interval on 11/08/2012 to 18/08/2012
Date
kW
h
PI
PV
Solar PV
• PV panel coating technology:
– Improve efficiency upto 20%
– Absorbs light from all angles
– Self-cleaning, scratch resistant
– Low maintenance costs
• PV impact studies (Ausgrid)
– Peak demand
– Protection
– Energy storage
Microgrid
• How to schedule a microgrid to maximise the utilisation of RE while maintaining reliability
• point of common coupling (PCC) power, electric heater and boiler to accommodate the fluctuation of wind power
(in collaboration with Denmark)
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
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Time (s)
Roto
r angle
(degre
e)
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Roto
r angle
(degre
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Future smart grid:
a social-cyber-physical system
Smart grid (cyber-
physical system)
simulation and
security assessment
tools
Physical (power system) Cyber (ICT) and physical system social –cyber-physical system
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Smart Grid Disaster Management
Disaster
System Failure
Market Failure
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
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Time of day (5 mins)
RR
P (
$ | M
Wh)
RRP
forecast RRP
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($ |
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h) Real RRP
Forecasted RRP
Market Modelling
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Forecasted RRP
% Time
Pri
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)
SRMC
Price Duration Curve Displaying
Premium Calculation
2vP
PriceDemand
Supply
Confidence
Trading
Strategy
Production
Costs
Weather
Forecast
Accuracy
Demand
Forecast
Accuracy
Temprature
Wind and
Rainfall
Plant
ClosureNew
Capacity
Installed
Plant
Reliability
Emission
Constraints
Fuel Prices
Political &
Economic
FactorsGovernment
Policy
New
Technology
Modeling
Capacity
Taxes
Feature selection
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Loy Y
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Org
in
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Hydro
QLD NSW SNOWY VIC SA TAS
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Free permit ETS purchase Non-ETS
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NTL
CIEN Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks
Future grid: National vs international? Transmission
vs distribution? Energy, water, gas, telco, traffic,
service, social, cash flow?
Thank you