cii bench marking & metrics

8/2/2019 CII Bench Marking & Metrics

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CII Benchmarking & Metrics

(Project Questionnaire Version 9.0)

Glossary of Terms

Glossary of Terms Page 1

Acceptance Testing. Facility capacity testing at the time a project is expected to reach design capacity. Thetiming in which this takes place varies by type of facility. Acceptance testing may occur shortly after start-up

of a process unit, 6 to 12 months on building or mechanical trains, or 2 to 3 years for a paper mill.

Addition (Add-on). - A new addition that ties in to an existing facility, often intended to expand capacity.

Synonym: Expansion.

Alliance Partner. A participant in a long-term association with a non-affiliated organization, used to furtherthe common interests of the members. The continued association is based upon mutual trust and the

satisfactory performance of each participant, and the alliance as a whole, rather than a pure contractual

obligation.

Automation/Integration (AI) Technology. The Automation and Integration Technology practice addresses

the degree of automation/level of use and integration of automated systems for predefined tasks/workfunctions common to most projects.

Bar Coding. The use of automatic identification technology by labeling, identifying, and controlling items,

materials, and equipment through the use of bar codes. A bar code can be defined as a self contained messagewith information encoded in the widths of bars and spaces in a printed pattern.

Change. A change is any event that results in a modification of the project work, schedule or cost. Owners

and designers frequently initiate changes during design development to reflect changes in project scope or

preferences for equipment and materials other than those originally specified. Contractors often initiate

changes when interferences are encountered, when designs are found to be not constructable, or other design

errors are found.

Change Management. Change Management is the process of incorporating a balanced change culture of

recognition, planning and evaluation of project changes in an organization to effectively manage project

changes.

Constructability. Constructability is the effective and timely integration of construction knowledge into the

conceptual planning, design, construction and field operations of a project to achieve the overall project

objectives in the best possible time and accuracy, at the most cost-effective levels.

Contingency. All costs in contingency accounts including but not limited to normal contingency, allowances,reserves, indirect costs for schedule contingency, escalation, etc.

Cost of Land. The cost of land includes the purchase price of the land obtained for project use. It does not

include the cost of preparing the land for use, such as soil remediation, demolition of existing structures, sitepreparation, etc.

Cost of Quality Management. The sum of those costs associated with quality deviation prevention and

appraisal activities. Examples include: Quality System/Program Development Personnel Qualification Testing Formal Design Check/Review On/Off-Site Inspection

Direct Cost of Field Rework. The sum of those costs associated with actual performance of tasks involved inrework. Examples include:


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Glossary of Terms


Labor Materials Equipment Supervisory personnel Associated overhead cost

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). EDI is a technology that permits the direct computer-to-computer

exchange of data in a standard format. Data is transmitted in a standard industry format, checked for error,

and imported directly into the receiving computer system without re-keying.

Expansion. - A new addition that ties in to an existing facility, often intended to expand capacity. Synonym:Addition.

Grass Roots (Green Field). A new facility from the foundations and up. A project requiring demolition of an

existing facility before new construction begins is also classified as grass roots.

Integrated Database. An integrated database is a concept of organizing, storing, and managing all electronic

data relating to a project in such a fashion that data is entered and stored once and then accessed and utilizedby multiple users and applications. The users may include those involved with facility planning, design,

procurement, construction, plant operations, and suppliers.

Materials Management. Materials management is an integrated process for planning and controlling allnecessary efforts to make certain that the quality and quantity of materials and equipment are appropriately

specified in a timely manner, are obtained at a reasonable cost, and are available when needed. The materials

management systems combine and integrate the takeoff, vendor evaluation, purchasing, expediting,

warehousing, distribution, and disposing of materials functions.

Mechanical Completion. The point in time when a plant is capable of being operated although some trim,insulation, and painting may still be needed. This occurs after completion of precommissioning. In some

industries, mechanical completion may have the same general meaning as beneficial occupancy.

Modernization. A facility for which a substantial amount of the equipment, structure, or other components isreplaced or modified, and which may expand capacity and/or improve the process or facility. Synonyms:Renovation, Upgrade.

Modularization. Modularization refers to the use of offsite construction. For the purposes of thebenchmarking data, modularization includes all work that represents substantial offsite construction and

assembly of components and areas of the finished project. Examples that would fall within this categorization

include:

Skid assemblies of equipment and instrumentation that naturally ship to the site in one piece, andrequire minimal on-site reassembly.

Super-skids of assemblies of components that typically represent substantial portions of the plant,intended to be installed in a building.

Prefabricated modules comprising both industrial plant components and architecturally finishedenclosures.


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Glossary of Terms


Modularization does not include offsite fabrication of components. Examples of work that would be excluded

from the definition of modularization include:

Fabrication of the component pieces of a structural framework Fabrication of piping spool-pieces

Planning for Startup. Startup is the transitional phase between plant construction completion and commercial

operations, including all of the activities that bridge these two phases. Planning for Startup consists of a

sequence of activities that begins during requirements definition and extends through initial operations.

Pre-Project Planning. Pre-Project Planning involves the process of developing sufficient strategic

information that owners can address risk and decide to commit resources to maximize the chance for a

successful project. Pre-project planning includes putting together the project team, selecting technology,

selecting project site, developing project scope, and developing project alternatives. Pre-project planning is

often perceived as synonymous with front-end loading, front-end planning, feasibility analysis, andconceptual planning.

Project Budget at Authorization to Proceed. This is the estimated cost for your companys portion of theproject at authorization to proceed. If your contract had cost changes before authorization to proceed, then

these changes should be included in the project budget. Do not include estimated costs for change orders

received during project execution. .

Project Development Changes. Changes required to execute the original scope of work or obtain original

process basis. Examples include:

Unforeseen site conditions that require a change in design / construction methods Changes required due to errors and omissions Acceleration Change in owner preferences Additional equipment or processes required to obtain original planned throughput Operability or maintainability changes

Project Change Management. Practices related to the management and control of both scope changes and

project changes.

P&IDs (Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams). Schematic diagrams which show the layout andrelationship of piping and instrumentation.

Quality Management. Quality Management incorporates all activities conducted to improve the efficiency,contract compliance and cost effectiveness of design, engineering, procurement, QA/QC, construction, and

start-up elements of construction projects.

Renovation. A facility for which a substantial amount of the equipment, structure, or other components is

replaced or modified, and which may expand capacity and/or improve the process or facility. Synonyms:Modernization, Upgrade.

Scope Changes. Changes in the base scope of work or process basis. Examples include:

Feedstock change Changed site location


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Glossary of Terms


Changed throughput Addition of unrelated scope

Team Building. Team Building is a project-focused process that builds and develops shared goals,interdependence, trust and commitment, and accountability among team members and that seeks to improve

team members problem-solving skills.

Total Actual Project Cost. This is the total actual cost of all work performed by your company, including

costs attributable to work added or deducted by change orders.

Turnaround/Shutdown/Outage . The period during which a boiler, generating unit, transmission line, orother facility is shutdown and unable to perform its normal operations. The shutdown of a facility including

for maintenance, inspection, testing, regulatory changes, or, in some cases, for refuelling is known as a

planned shutdown. Turnaround is interchangeable with shutdown or outage depending on industry groups.

Upgrade. A facility for which a substantial amount of the equipment, structure, or other components isreplaced or modified, and which may expand capacity and/or improve the process or facility. Synonyms:

Modernization, Renovation.

Zero Accidents. Zero accident techniques include the site specific safety programs and implementation,

auditing and incentive efforts to create a project environment and a level of training that embraces the mind

set that all accidents are preventable and that zero accidents is an obtainable goal.

3D CAD modeling. Computer aided drafting system that provides three-dimensional views for checkingphysical interferences in addition to providing two and three dimensional drafting capabilities.


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Glossary of Terms


Project Phase Table

Project Phase Start/Stop Typical Activities & Products Typical Cost Elements

Pre-Project Planning

Typical Participants:

Owner Personnel Planning Consultants

Constructability Consultant

Alliance / Partner

Start: Defined Business Need

that requires facilities

Stop: Total Project Budget

Authorized

Options Analysis

Life-cycle Cost Analysis

Project Execution Plan

Appropriation Submittal Pkg P&IDs and Site Layout

Project Scoping

Procurement Plan Arch. Rendering

Owner Planning Team PersonnelExpenses

Consultant Fees & Expenses

Environmental Permitting Costs Project Manager / Construction

Manager Fees

Licensor Costs

Detail Design


Owner Personnel

Design Contractor

Constructability Expert Alliance / Partner

Start: Design Basis

Stop: Release of all approved

drawings and specs for

construction (or last package

for fast-track)

Drawing & spec preparation Bill of material preparation

Procurement Status Sequence of operations

Technical Review

Definitive Cost Estimate

Owner Project ManagementPersonnel

Designer Fees Project Manager / Construction

Manager Fees

Demolition / Abatement

(see note below)


Owner Personnel

General Contractor Demolition Contractor

Remediation / AbatementContractor

Start: Mobilization for

demolition

Stop: Completion of demolition

Remove existing facility or

portion of facility to allow

construction or renovation toproceed

Perform cleanup or abatement /

remediation

Owner Project Management

Personnel

Project Manager / ConstructionManager Fees

General Contractor and/or Demolition

Specialist Charges Abatement / Remediation Contractor

Charges

Note: The demolition / abatement phase should be reported when the demolition / abatement work is a separate schedule activity (potentially

paralleling the design and procurement phases) in preparation for new construction. Do not report the demolition / abatement phase if the

work is integral with modernization or addition activities.


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Glossary of Terms


Project Phase Table (Cont.)

Project Phase Start/Stop Typical Activities & Products Typical Cost Elements

Procurement


Owner personnel Design Contractor Alliance / Partner

Start: Procurement Plan for

Engineered Equipment

Stop: All engineered

equipment has been

delivered to site

Vendor Qualification

Vendor Inquiries Bid Analysis Purchasing Expediting Engineered Equipment

Transportation Vendor QA/QC

Owner project management personnel

Project Manager / ConstructionManager fees

Procurement & Expediting personnel Engineered Equipment Transportation

Shop QA / QC

Construction


Owner personnel

Design Contractor(Inspection)

Construction Contractor and

its subcontractors

Start: Beginning of continuous

substantial construction

activityStop: Mechanical Completion

Set up trailers

Site preparation

Procurement of bulks Issue Subcontracts

Construction plan forMethods/Sequencing

Build Facility & Install

Engineered Equipment

Complete Punchlist Demobilize construction

equipment

Warehousing


Project Manager / Construction

Manager fees

Building permits

Inspection QA/QC Construction labor, equipment &

supplies

Bulk materials Construction equipment Contractor management personnel Warranties

Start-up / Commissioning

Note: Does not usually apply toinfrastructure or building type

projects


Owner personnel Design Contractor

Construction Contractor

Training Consultant Equipment Vendors

Start:Mechanical Completion

Stop: Custody transfer touser/operator (steady state

operation)

Testing Systems

Training Operators Documenting Results Introduce Feedstocks and

obtain first Product

Hand-off to user/operator

Operating System Functional Facility

Warranty Work


Project Manager / ConstructionManager fees

Consultant fees & expenses

Operator training expenses

Wasted feedstocks

Vendor fees


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Glossary of Terms


PDRI (Project Definition Rating Index) Buildings

SECTION I: BASIS OF PROJECT DECISION

A. BUSINESS STRATEGY

A1. Building Use

Identify and list building uses or functions. These may include uses such as:

Retail

Institutional

Instructional

Medical

Storage

Food service

Recreational

Research

Multimedia

Office

Light manufacturing

A description of other options which could also meet the facility need should be defined. (As an example, was

renovating existing space rather than building new space considered?) A listing of current facilities that will

be vacated due to the new project should be produced.

A2. Business Justification

Identify driving forces for the project and specify what is most important from the viewpoint of the owner

including both needs and expectations. Address items such as:

Need date

Target consumers Building utilization justification

Possible competitors

Level of amenities

Location

Sales or rental levels Market capacity

Use flexibility

Number of lessons/occupant types

Support new business initiatives Facility replacement/consolidation

A3. Business Plan

A project strategy should be developed that supports the business justification in relation to the following

items:


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Glossary of Terms


Funding availability

Cost and financing

Schedule milestones (including known deadlines)

Types and sources of project funds

Related/resulting projects

A4. Economic Analysis

An economic model should be developed to determine the viability of the venture. The model should

acknowledge uncertainty and outline the boundaries of the analysis. It should acknowledge items such as:

Design life

Building ownership

Tax implications of investment including length of ownership

Long-term operating and maintenance costs

Resale/lease potential or in the case of institutional buildings,

long-term use plans Analysis of capital and operating cost versus sales or occupancy and profitability

A5. Facility Requirements

Facility size requirements are many times determined by applicable code and are often driven by occupancy.

Note that this analysis is at the macro level. Some considerations are listed below:

Number of occupants

Volume

Net and gross square footage by area uses

Support infrastructure

Classroom size Linear feet of display space

Number of laboratory stations

Occupant accommodation requirements (i.e., number of hospital beds, number of desks,

number of workstations, on-site child care, on-site medical care, cot space, etc.)

A6. Future Expansion/Alteration Considerations

The possibility of expansion and/or alteration of the site and building should be considered for facility design.

These considerations consist of a list of items that will facilitate the expansion or evolution of building use

including adaptability/flexibility.

Evaluation criteria may include:

Provisions for site space in case of possible future expansion up or out

Technologically advanced facility requirements

Are departments or functional areas intended to grow in place during the future phase? If there will not be a future expansion of the building, how will departments or areas

expand?


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Glossary of Terms


Are any functional areas more likely than others to move out of the building in the future to

allow others to expand or move in?

Who will occupy the building in five, 10, 15, 20 years?

Flexibility or adaptability for future uses.

Future phasing plan

A7. Site Selection Considerations

Evaluation of sites should address issues relative to different locations (i.e., global, country, or local). This

evaluation may take into consideration existing buildings or properties, as well as new locations. The

selection criteria include items such as:

General geographic location

o Access to the targeted market area

o Local availability and cost of skilled labor (e.g., construction, operation)

o Available utilities

o Existing facilities

o Economic incentive zoneso Tax

Land availability and developed costs

Legal constraints

Unusual financing requirements in region/locality

Domestic culture vs. international culture

Community relations

Labor relations

Government relations

Political issues/constraints

Education/training

Safety and health considerations

Environmental issues Symbolic and aesthetic

Historic preservation

Weather/climate

Permitting Schedule

A8. Project Objectives Statement

This statement defines the project objectives and priorities for meeting the business strategy. It should be

clear, concise, measurable, and specific to the project. It is desirable to obtain total agreement from the entire

project team regarding these objectives and priorities to ensure alignment. Specifically, the priorities among

cost, schedule, and value-added quality features should be clear. The objectives also should comply with any

master plans if applicable.

B. OWNER PHILOSOPHIES

B1. Reliability Philosophy


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Glossary of Terms


A brief description of the project intent in terms of reliability should be defined. A list of the general design

principles to be considered to achieve optimum/ideal operating performance from the facility/building

should be addressed. Considerations may include:

Critical systems redundancy

Architectural/structural/civil durability Mechanical/electrical/plumbing reliability

B2. Maintenance Philosophy

A list of the general design principles to be considered to meet building maintenance requirements should be

identified. This evaluation should include life cycle cost analysis of major facilities. Considerations may

include:

Daily occupancy loads

Maximum building occupancy requirements

Equipment monitoring requirements

Energy conservation programs Selection of materials and finishes

Requirements for building finishes

B3. Operating Philosophy

A list of the general design issues that need to be considered to support routine operations should be

developed. Issues may include:

Operating schedule/hours

Provisions for building rental or occupancy assignments (i.e., by room, floor, suite)

including flexibility of partitioning

Future renovation schedule User finish out philosophy

Flexibility to change layout

B4. Design Philosophy

A listing of design philosophy issues should be developed. These issues should be directed at concerns such

as the following:

Design life

Aesthetic requirements

Compatibility with master plan

Theme Image

Environmentally sustainable design (internal/external)

Quality of life

C. PROJECT REQUIREMENTS


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Glossary of Terms


C1. Value-Analysis Process

A structured value analysis approach should be in place to consider design and material alternatives in terms

of their cost effectiveness. Items that impact the economic viability of the project should be considered. Items

to evaluate include issues such as:

Discretionary scope issues

Expensive materials of construction

Life-cycle analysis of construction methods and structure

C2. Project Design Criteria

Project design criteria are the requirements and guidelines which govern the design of the project. Any design

review board or design review process should be clearly articulated. Evaluation criteria may include:

Level of design detail required

Climatic data

Codes and standardso National

o Local

o Owner specific

o International

Utilization of design standards

o Owners

o Contractorso Designers

o Mixed


Donor or benefactor requirements

Sole source requirements for equipment or systems Insurance underwriter requirements

Cultural preferences

C3. Evaluation of Existing Facilities

If existing facilities are available, then a condition assessment must be performed to determine if they will

meet facility requirements. Evaluation criteria may include:

Capacity

Power

Utilities (i.e., potable water, gas, oil)

Fire water Waste treatment/disposal

Sanitary sewer

Telecommunications

Security

Storm water containment system/filtration

Access


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Glossary of Terms


o Rail

o ADA or local standards

o Roads

Parking areas

Type and size of buildings/structures

Amenitieso Food service

o Ambulatory access

o Medical facilities

o Recreation facilities including public outdoor spaces

o Change rooms

Condition assessment of existing facilities and infrastructure

Other

C4. Scope of Work Overview

This work statement overview is a complete narrative description of the project that is discipline-oriented and

supports development of the project schedule and project cost estimate. It sets the limits of work by eachinvolved party and generally articulates their financial, task, and contractual responsibilities. It clearly states

both assumptions and exclusions used to define the scope of work.

C5. Project Schedule

Ideally, the project schedule should be developed by the project team (owner, A/E, and construction

contractor). It should include milestones, unusual schedule considerations and appropriate master schedule

contingency time (float), procurement of long-lead or critical pacing equipment, and required submissions and

approvals.

C6. Project Cost Estimate

The project cost estimate should address all costs necessary for completion of the project. This cost estimate

may include the following:

Construction contract estimate

Professional fees Land cost

Furnishings

Administrative costs

Contingencies

Cost escalation for elements outside the project cost estimate

Startup costs including installation

Miscellaneous expenses including but not limited to:o Specialty consultants

o Inspection and testing services

o Bidding costs

o Site clearance

o Bringing utilities to the site

o Environmental impact mitigation measures


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Glossary of Terms


o Local authority permit fees

o Occupant moving and staging costs

o Utility costs during construction (if paid by owner)

o Interest on borrowed funds (cost of money)

o Site surveys, soils tests

o Availability of construction laydown and storage at site or in remote or rented facilities

SECTION II: BASIS OF DESIGN

D. SITE INFORMATION

D1. Site Layout

The facility should be sited on the selected property. Layout criteria may include items such as:

Access (e.g., road, rail, marine, air)

Construction access

Historical/cultural Trees and vegetation

Site massing and context constraints or guidelines (i.e., how a building will look in three

dimensions at the site)

Access transportation parking, delivery/service, and pedestrian circulation considerations

Open space, street amenities, urban context concerns Climate, wind, and sun orientation for natural lighting views, heat loss/gain, energy

conservation, and aesthetic concerns

D2. Site Surveys

The site should be surveyed for the exact property boundaries, including limits of construction. A topography

map with the overall plot and site plan is also needed. Evaluation criteria may include:

Legal property descriptions with property lines

Easements

Rights-of-way

Drainage patterns Deeds

Definition of final site elevation

Benchmark control systems

Setbacks

Access and curb cuts

Proximity to drainage ways and flood plains

Known below grade structures and utilities (both active and inactive) Trees and vegetation

Existing facility locations and conditions

Solar/shadows

D3. Civil/Geotechnical Information


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The civil/geotechnical site evaluation provides a basis for foundation, structural, and hydrological design.

Evaluations of the proposed site should include items such as:

Depth to bedrock

General site description (e.g., terrain, soils type, existing structures, spoil removal, areas of

hazardous waste, etc.) Expansive or collapse potential of soils

Fault line locations

Spoil area for excess soil (i.e., location of on-site area or off-site instructions)

Seismic requirements

Water table elevation

Flood plain analysis

Soil percolation rate and conductivity

Ground water flow rates and directions

Need for soil treatment or replacement

Description of foundation design options

Allowable bearing capacities

Pier/pile capacities Paving design options

Overall site analysis

D4. Governing Regulatory Requirements

The local, state, and federal government permits necessary to construct and operate the facility should be

identified. A work plan should be in place to prepare, submit, and track permit, regulatory, re-zoning, and

code compliance for the project. It should include items such as:

Construction

Unique requirements

Environmental Structural calculations

Building height limits

Setback requirements

Fire

Building Occupancy

Special

Signage

Historical issues

Accessibility

Demolition

Solar Platting

Air/water

Transportation

The codes that will have a significant impact on the scope of the project should also be investigated and

explained in detail. Particular attention should be paid to local requirements. Regulatory and code


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Glossary of Terms


requirements may affect the defined physical characteristics and project cost estimate. The project schedule

may be affected by regulatory approval processes. For some technically complex buildings, regulations may

change frequently.

D5. Environmental Assessment

An environmental assessment should be performed for the site to evaluate issues that can impact the costestimate or delay the project. These issues may include:

Archeological

Location in an EPA air quality non-compliance zone

Location in a wet lands area

Environmental permits now in force

Existing contamination

Location of nearest residential area

Ground water monitoring in place

Downstream uses of ground water

Existing environmental problems with the site

Past/present use of site Noise/vibration requirements

Air/water discharge requirements and options evaluated

Discharge limits of sanitary and storm sewers identified

Detention requirements

Endangered species

Erosion/sediment control

D6. Utility Sources with Supply Conditions

The availability/non-availability of site utilities needed to operate the facility with supply conditions of

quantity, temperature, pressure, and quality should be evaluated. This may include items such as:

Potable water

Drinking water

Cooling water

Fire water

Sewers Instrument air

Facility air

Heating water

Gases

Steam

Electricity (voltage levels)

Communications (e.g., data, cable television, telephones) Special requirement (e.g., deionized water or oxygen)

D7. Site Life Safety Considerations


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Fire and life safety related items should be taken into account for the selected site. These items should

include fire protection practices at the site, available firewater supply (amounts and conditions), and special

safety requirements unique to the site. Evaluation criteria may include:

Wind direction indicator devices (e.g., wind socks)

Fire monitors and hydrants Flow testing

Access and evacuation plan

Available emergency medical facilities

Security considerations (site illumination, access control)

D8. Special Water and Waste Treatment Requirements

On-site or pretreatment of water and waste should be evaluated. Items for consideration may include:

Wastewater treatment

Process waste

Sanitary waste Waste disposal

Storm water containment and treatment

E. BUILDING PROGRAMMING

E1. Program Statement

The program statement identifies the levels of performance for the facility in terms of space planning and

functional relationships. It should address the human, physical, and external aspects to be considered in the

design. Each performance criteria should include these issues:

A performance statement outlining what goals are to be attained (e.g., providing sufficientlighting levels to accomplish the specified task safely and efficiently)

A measure that must be achieved (e.g., 200 foot-candles at surface of surgical table)

A test which is an accepted approach to establish that the criterion has been met (e.g., using

a standard light meter to do the job)

E2. Building Summary Space List

The summary space list includes all space requirements for the entire project. This list should address specific

types and areas. Possible space listings include:

Building population

Administrative offices Lounges

Food Service Cafeteria

Conference rooms

Vending alcoves

Janitorial closets

Elevators


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Stairs

Loading docks

Dwelling units

Special technology considerations

Classrooms

Laboratories Corridors

Storage facilities

Mechanical rooms

Electrical rooms

Parking space

Entry lobby

Restrooms

Data/computer areas

A room data sheet should correspond to each entry on the summary space list. Room data sheets are discussed

in element E11. The room data sheet contains information that is necessary for the summary space list. This

list is used to determine assignable (usable) and non-assignable (gross) areas.

E3. Overall Adjacency Diagrams

The overall adjacency diagrams depict the layout of each department or division of the entire building. They

show the relationship of specific rooms, offices, and sections. The adjacency diagrams must adequately

convey the overall relationships between functional areas within the facility. Note that these diagrams are

sometimes known as bubble diagrams or balloon diagrams. They are also commonly expressed in anadjacency matrix.

E4. Stacking Diagrams

A stacking diagram portrays each department or functional unit vertically in a multi-story building. Stackingdiagrams are drawn to scale, and they can help establish key design elements for the building. These diagrams

are easily created with space lists and adjacency (or bubble) diagrams. Critical vertical relationships may

relate to circulatory (stairs, elevators), structural elements, and mechanical or utility shafts. Stacking diagrams

can establish building elements such as floor size. This type of diagram often combines functional adjacencies

and space requirements and also shows how the project is sited.

E5. Growth and Phased Development

Provisions for future phases or anticipated use change must be considered during project programming. A

successful initial phase necessitates a plan for the long term phases. The following phasing issues may be

addressed.

Guidelines to allow for additions (i.e., over-design of structural systems, joist layout,

column spacing)

Technology needs as facility grows and expands or changes (e.g., mechanical systems,

water demands)

Compare the additional costs involved with making the building expandable versus theprobability of the future expansion occurring as envisioned.


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Provisions for infrastructure that allow for future expansion

E6. Circulation and Open Space Requirements

An important component of space programming is common-area open spaces, both interior and exterior.These areas include the items listed and considerations such as:

Exterior

o Service dock areas and access

o Circulation to parking areas

o Passenger drop-off areas

o Pedestrian walkways

o Courtyards, plazas, or parks

o Landscape buffer areas

o Unbuildable areas (e.g., wetlands or slopes)

o Sidewalks or other pedestrian routes

o Bicycle facilitieso Lobbies and entries

o Security considerations (e.g., card access or transmitters)

o Snow removal plan

o Postal and newspaper delivery

o Waste removal

o Fire and life-safety circulation considerations

Interior

o Interior aisle ways and corridors

o Vertical circulation (i.e., personnel and material transport including elevators and

escalators)

o Directional and location signage

E7. Functional Relationship Diagrams/Room by Room

Room by room functional relationship diagrams show the structure of adjacencies of a group of rooms. With

these adjacency diagrams (also known as bubble diagrams), the architect can convert them into a floor plan

with all the relationships. Each space detail sheet should have a minimum of one functional relationshipdiagram. Rooms are often represented by circles, bubbles, squares, or rectangles. Larger rooms are

represented with bigger symbols. They are also commonly expressed in an adjacency matrix.

E8. Loading/Unloading/Storage Facilities Requirements

list of requirements identifying materials to be unloaded and stored and products to be loaded along with

their specifications. This list should include items such as:

Storage facilities to be provided and/or utilized

Refrigeration requirements and capabilities

Mail/small package delivery

Recycling requirements


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E9. Transportation Requirements

Specifications for implementation of facility transportation (e.g., roadways, conveyers, elevators) as well as

methods for receiving and shipping of materials (e.g., air, rail, truck, marine) should be identified. Provisions

should be included for items such as:

Facility access requirements based on transportation

Drive-in doors

Extended ramps for low clearance trailers

Rail car access doors

Service elevators

Loading docks

Temporary parking

E10. Building Finishes

Levels of interior and exterior finishes should be defined for the project. For example, the finishes may

include categories such as:

Interior Schedule:

Type A

o Floor: vinyl composition tile

o Walls: painted

Type B

o Floor: direct glue carpet

o Walls: vinyl wall covering

Type C

o Floor: carpet over pad

o Walls: wood paneling

Exterior Schedule: Type 1

o Walls: brick

o Trim: brick

Type 2

o Walls: overlapping masonryo Trim: cedar

Finishes and local design standards are further defined in category F.

E11. Room Data Sheets

Room data sheets contain the specific requirements for each room considering its functional needs. A roomdata sheet should correspond to each room on the building summary space list. The format of the room data

sheet should be consistent. Possible issues to include on room data sheets are:

Critical dimensions

Technical requirements (e.g., fireproof, explosion resistance, X-ray)

Furnishing requirements


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Equipment requirements

Audio/visual (A/V) data and communication provisions

Lighting requirements

Utility requirements

Security needs including access/hours of operation

Finish type Environmental issues

Acoustics/vibration requirements

Life-safety

E12. Furnishings, Equipment, and Built-Ins

All moveable furnishings, equipment, and built-ins should be listed on the room data sheets. Moveable and

fixed in place equipment should be distinguished. Building modifications, such as wide access doors or high

ceilings, necessary for any equipment also need to be listed. Long delivery time items should be identified

and ordered early. It is critical to identify the utility impact of equipment (e.g., electrical, cooling, special

water or drains, venting, radio frequency shielding). Examples may include:

Furniture

Kitchen equipment

Medical equipment

Material handling

Partitions

New items and relocated existing items must be distinguished in the program. The items can be classified in

the following categories.

New Items:

Contractor furnished and contractor installed Owner furnished and contractor installed

Owner furnished and owner installed

Existing Items:

Relocated as is and contractor installed

Refurbished and installed by contractor

Relocated as is and owner installed

Refurbished and installed by owner

E13. Window Treatment

Any special fenestration window treatments for energy and/or light control should be noted in order to have

proper use of natural light. Some examples include:

Blocking of natural light

Glare reducing windows

Exterior louvers


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Glossary of Terms


Interior blinds

F. BUILDING/PROJECT DESIGN PARAMETERS

F1. Civil/Site Design

Civil/site design issues should be addressed to provide a basis for facility design. Issues to address may

include:

Service and storage requirements

Elevation and profile views

High point elevations for grade, paving, and foundations

Location of equipment

Minimum overhead clearances

Storm drainage system

Location and route of underground utilities

Site utilities

Earth work Subsurface work

Paving/curbs

Landscape/xeriscape

Fencing/site security

F2. Architectural Design

Architectural design issue should be addressed to provide a basis for facility design. These issues may include

the following:

Determination of metric (hard/soft) versus Imperial (English) units (Note: The term hard

metric means that materials and equipment are identified on the drawings and have to be delivered in metric-sized unit dimensions such as 200mm by 400mm. Soft metric means that materials and equipment can bedelivered using sizes that approximate the metric dimensions given on the drawings, such as three-inch length

instead of eight cm. It is important to set these dimensions and not mix and match.)

Requirements for building location/orientation horizontal and vertical Access requirements

Nature/character of building design (e.g., aesthetics)

Construction materials

Acoustical considerations

American with Disabilities Act requirements or other local access requirements

Architectural Review Boards

Planning and zoning review boards Circulation considerations

Seismic design considerations

Color/material standards

Hardware standards

Furniture, furnishings, and accessories criteria

Design grid


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Glossary of Terms


Floor to floor height

F3. Structural Design

Structural design considerations should be addressed to provide a basis for the facility design. These

considerations may include the following:

Structural system (e.g., construction materials, constraints)


Foundation system

Corrosion control requirements/required protective coatings

Client specifications (e.g., basis for design loads, vibration, deflection)

Future expansion/flexibility considerations

Design loading parameter (e.g., live/dead loads, design loads, collateral load capacity,

equipment/material loads, wind/snow loads, uplift)

Functional spatial constraints

F4. Mechanical Design

Mechanical design parameters should be developed to provide a basis for facility design. Items to consider

include:

Special ventilation or exhaust requirements

Equipment/space special requirements with respect to environmental conditions (e.g., air

quality, special temperatures)

Energy conservation and life cycle costs

Acoustical requirements

Zoning and controls

Air circulation requirements

Outdoor design conditions (e.g., minimum and maximum yearly temperatures) Indoor design conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, pressure, air quality)

Building emissions control

Utility support requirements

System redundancy requirements

Plumbing requirements Special piping requirements


F5. Electrical Design

Electrical design parameters provide the basis for facility design. Consider items such as:

Power sources with available voltage and amperage

Special lighting considerations (e.g., lighting levels, color rendition)

Voice, data, and video communications requirements

Uninterruptable power source (UPS) and/or emergency power requirements

Energy consumption/conservation and life cycle cost

Ability to use daylight in lighting


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Lightning/grounding requirements

F6. Building Life Safety Requirements

Building life safety requirements are a necessity for building operations. They should be identified at thisstage of the project. Possible safety requirements are listed below:

Fire resistant requirements

Explosion resistant requirements

Area of refuge requirements in case of catastrophe

Safety and alarm requirements

Fire detection and/or suppression requirements

Eye wash stations

Safety showers

Deluge requirements and foam

Fume hoods

Handling of hazardous materials Isolation facilities

Sterile environments

Emergency equipment access

Personnel shelters

Egress

Public address requirements

Data or communications protection in case of disaster or emergency

Fall hazard protection

Gas hazard detection

F7. Constructability Analysis

CII defines constructability as, the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning,design, procurement, and field operations to achieve overall project objectives. Maximum benefits occur

when people with construction knowledge and experience become involved at the very beginning of a

project. Is there a structured approach for constructability analysis in place? Have provisions been made to

provide this on an ongoing basis? This would include examining design options and details of constructionthat minimize construction costs while maintaining standards of safety, quality, and schedule. Elements of

constructability during pre-project planning include:

Constructability program in existence

Construction knowledge/experience used in project planning

Early construction involvement in contracting strategy development

Developing a construction-sensitive project schedule Considering major construction methods in basic design approaches

Developing site layouts for efficient construction

Early identification of project team participants for constructability analysis

Usage of advanced information technologies

F8. Technological Sophistication


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Glossary of Terms


The requirements for intelligent or special building systems should be evaluated. Examples of these systems

may include:

Video conferencing

Internet connections Advanced audio/visual (A/V) connections

Personnel sensing

Computer docking stations

Smart heating or air-conditioning Intercommunication systems

Security systems

Communication systems

Conveyance systems

G. EQUIPMENT

G1. Equipment List

Project-specific equipment should be defined and listed. (Note: Building systems equipment is addressed in

element F4Mechanical Design and F5Electrical Design). In situations where owners are furnishing

equipment, the equipment should be properly defined and purchased. The list should define items such as:

Process

Medical

Food service/vending

Trash disposal

Distributed control systems

Material handling

Existing sources and characteristics of equipmento Relative sizes

o Weights

o Location

o Capacities

o Materials of constructiono Insulation and painting requirements

o Equipment related access

o Vendor, model, and serial number once identified

o Equipment delivery time, if known

G2. Equipment Location Drawings

Equipment location/arrangement drawings identify the specific location of each item of equipment in a

project. These drawings should identify items such as:

Plan and elevation views of equipment and platforms

Location of equipment rooms

Physical support requirement (e.g., installation bolt patterns)


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Glossary of Terms


Coordinates or location of all major equipment

G3. Equipment Utility Requirements

This evaluation should consist of a tabulated list of utility requirements for all major equipment items such as:

Power and/or all utility requirements

Flow diagrams

Design temperature and pressure

Diversity of use

Gas

Water

SECTION III: EXECUTION APPROACH

H. PROCUREMENT STRATEGY

H1. Identify Long-lead/Critical Equipment and Materials

Identify engineered equipment and material items with lead times that will impact the design for receipt of

supplier information or impact the construction schedule with long delivery times.

H2. Procurement Procedures and Plans

Procurement procedures and plans include specific guidelines, special requirements, or methodologies for

accomplishing the purchasing, expediting, and delivery of equipment and materials required for the project.

Evaluation criteria may include:

Who will perform procurement?

Listing of approved vendors, if applicable Client or contractor purchase orders

Reimbursement terms and conditions

Guidelines for supplier alliances, single source, or competitive bids

Guidelines for engineering/construction contracts

Who assumes responsibility for owner-purchased items?o Financial

o Shop inspection

o Expediting

Tax strategy

o Depreciation capture

o Local sales and use tax treatment

o Investment tax credits Definition of source inspection requirements and responsibilities

Definition of traffic/insurance responsibilities

Definition of procurement status reporting requirements

Additional/special owner accounting requirements

Definition of spare parts requirements

Local regulations (e.g., tax restrictions, tax advantages)


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Incentive/penalty strategy for contracts

Storage

J. DELIVERABLES

J1. CADD/Model Requirements

Computer Aided Drafting and Design (CADD) requirements should be defined. Evaluation criteria may

include:

o Software system required by client (e.g., AutoCAD, Intergraph)

o Will the project be required to be designed using 2D or 3D CADD? Will rendering be

required?

o If 3D CADD is to be used, will a walk-through simulation be required?

o Owner/contractor standard symbols and details

o How will data be received and returned to/from the owner?

o Disk

o Electronic transfero Tape

o Reproducibles

o Full-size mock-ups

Physical model requirements depend upon the type needed for analysis, such as study models or design

checks.

J2. Documentation/Deliverables

Documentation and deliverables required during project execution should be identified. If electronic media

are to be used, format and application packages should be outlined. The following items may be included in a

list of deliverables:

o Drawings and specifications

o Project correspondence

o Permits

o Maintenance and operating information/startup procedureso Facility keys, keying schedules, and access codes

o Project data books (quantity, format, contents, and completion date)

o Equipment folders (quantity, format, contents, and completion date)

o Design calculations (quantity, format, contents, and completion date)

o Spare parts and maintenance stock (special forms)

o Procuring documents/contract documents

o Record (as-built) documentso Quality assurance documents

o Project signage

o Guarantees/warranties

o Inspection documents

o Certificates of inspection

o Shop drawings and samples


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Glossary of Terms


o Bonds

o Distribution matrix

K. PROJECT CONTROL

K1. Project Quality Assurance and Control

Quality assurance and quality control procedures need to be established. Responsibility for approvals needs to

be developed. Electronic media requirements should be outlined. These issues may include:

o Responsibility during design and construction

o Testing of materials and workmanship

o ISO 9000 requirements

o Submittals and shop drawing approach

o Inspection reporting requirements

o Progress photos

o Reviewing changes and modifications

o Communication documents (e.g., RFIs, RFQs)o Commissioning tests

o Lessons-learned feedback

K2. Project Cost Control

Procedures for controlling project cost need to be outlined and responsibility assigned. Electronic media

requirements should be identified. These may include cost control requirements such as:

o Financial (client/regulatory)

o Phasing or area sub-accounting

o Capital vs. non-capital expenditures

o Report requirementso Payment schedules and procedures

o Cash flow projections/draw down analysis

o Cost code scheme/strategy

o Costs for each project phase

o Periodic control check estimateso Change order management procedure, including scope control

K3. Project Schedule Control

The project schedule is created to show progress and ensure that the project is completed on time. The

schedule is necessary for design and construction of the building. A schedule format should be decided on at

the beginning of the project. Typical items included in a project schedule are listed below.

o Milestones

o Unusual schedule considerations

o Required submissions and/or approvals

o Required documentation and responsible party

o Baseline vs. progress to date


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o Long-lead or critical pacing equipment delivery

o Critical path activities

o Contingency or float timeo Permitting or regulatory approvals

o Activation and commissioning

o Liquidated damages/incentives

The owner must also identify how special project issues will be scheduled. These items may include:

o Selection, procurement, and installation of equipment

o Design of interior spaces (including furniture and accessory selection)

o Stages of the project that must be handled differently than the rest of the project

o Tie-ins, service interruptions, and road closures

K4. Risk Management

Major project risks need to be identified, quantified, and management actions taken to mitigate problems

developed. Pertinent elements may include:

o Design risks

o Expertise

o Experience

o Work load

o Teamwork orientation

o Communication

o Integration and coordination

o Construction risks

o Availability of craft labor and construction materials

o Weather

o Differing/unforeseen/difficult site conditionso Long-lead item delays

o Strikes

o Inflation

o Scope growth

o Management riskso Availability of designers

o Critical quality issues

o Bidders

o Human error

o Cost and schedule estimates

o Timely decisions

o Team chemistryo Insurance considerations

K5. Safety Procedures

Safety procedures and responsibilities must be identified for design consideration and construction. Safety

issues to be addressed may include:


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Glossary of Terms


o Hazardous material handling

o Interaction with the public

o Working at elevations/fall hazards

o Evacuation plans and procedures

o Drug testingo First aid stations

o Accident reporting and investigation

o Pre-task planning

o Safety orientation and planning

o Safety incentives

o Other special or unusual safety issues

L. PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN

L1. Project Organization

The project team should be identified including roles, responsibilities, and authority. Items to considerinclude:

o Core team members

o Project manager assigned

o Project sponsor assigned

o Working relationships between participants

o Communication channels

o Organizational chart

o Approval responsibilities/responsibility matrix

L2. Owner Approval Requirements

All documents that require owner approval should be clearly defined. These may include:

o Milestones for drawing approval by phase

o Comment

o Approval

o Bid issues (public or private)o Construction

o Durations of approval cycle compatible with schedule

o Individual(s) responsible for reconciling comments before return

o Types of drawings/specifications

o Purchase documents/general conditions and contract documents

o Data sheets

o Inquirieso Bid tabulations

o Purchase orders

o Supplier information

L3. Project Delivery Method


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The methods of project design and construction delivery, including fee structure should be identified. Issues

to consider include:

o Owner self-performed

o Designer and constructor qualification selection process

o Selected methods (e.g., design/build, CM at risk, competitive sealed proposal, bridging,design-bid-build)

o Contracting strategies (e.g., lump sum, cost-plus)

o Design/build scope package considerations

L4. Design/Construction Plan and Approach

This is a documented plan identifying the specific approach to be used in designing and constructing the

project. It should include items such as:

o Responsibility matrix

o Subcontracting strategy

o Work week plan/schedule

o Organizational structureo Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

o Construction sequencing of events

o Site logistics plan

o Safety requirements/program

o Identification of critical activities that have potential impact on facilities (i.e., existing

facilities, crane usage, utility shut downs and tie-ins, testing)

o Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) plan

o Design and approvals sequencing of events

o Equipment procurement and staging

o Contractor meeting/reporting schedule

o Partnering or strategic alliances

o Alternative dispute resolutiono Furnishings, equipment, and built-ins responsibility

L5. Substantial Completion Requirements

Substantial Completion (SC) is defined as the point in time when the building is ready to be occupied. Thefollowing may need to be addressed:

o Have specific requirements for SC responsibilities been developed?

o Have warranty, permitting, insurance, and tax implications been considered?

o Commissioning

o Equipment/systems startup and testing

o Occupancy phasingo Final code inspection

o Calibration

o Verification

o Documentation

o Training

o Acceptance


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Glossary of Terms


o Landscape requirements

o Punchlist completion plan and schedule

o Substantial completion certificate


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PDRI (Project Definition Rating Index) Industrial

SECTION I - BASIS OF PROJECT DECISION

A. MANUFACTURING OBJECTIVES CRITERIA

A1. Reliability Philosophy

A list of the general design principles to be considered to achieve dependable operating performance from the

unit. Evaluation criteria should include:

Justification of spare equipment

Control, alarm, and safety systems redundancy

Extent of providing surge and intermediate storage capacity to permit independent shutdown

of portions of the plant

Mechanical / structural integrity of components (metallurgy, seals, types of couplings, bearing

selection, etc.)

A2. Maintenance Philosophy

A list of the general design principles to be considered to meet unit up-time requirements. Evaluation criteria

should include:

Scheduled unit / equipment shutdown frequencies and durations

Equipment access / monorails / cranes

Maximum weight or size requirements for available repair equipment

Equipment monitoring requirements (vibrations monitoring, etc.)

A3. Operating Philosophy

A list of the general design principles that need to be considered to support the routine scheduled production

from the unit in order to achieve the projected overall on-stream time or service factor.

Evaluation criteria should include:

Level of operator coverage and automatic control to be provided

Operating time sequence (ranging from continuous operation to five day, day shift only)

Necessary level of segregation and clean out between batches or runs Desired unit turndown capability

Design requirements for routine startup and shutdown

B. BUSINESS OBJECTIVES

B1. Products

A list of product(s) to be manufactured and their specifications. It should address items such as:

Chemical composition


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Allowable impurities

Physical form

By-products

Raw materials

Wastes

B2. Market Strategy

Has a market strategy been developed and clearly communicated? It must identify the driving forces (other

than safety) for the project and specify what is most important from the viewpoint of the business group. It

should address items such as:

Cost

Schedule

Quality

B3. Project Strategy

Has a project strategy been defined that supports the market strategy in relation to the following items:

Cost

Schedule

Quality

B4. Affordability / Feasibility

Have items that may improve the affordability of the project been considered? These should include

incremental cost criteria such as:

Consideration of feedstock availability and transport to the job site Performing an analysis of capital and operating cost versus sales and profitability

Results of these studies should be communicated to the project team.

B5. Capacities

The design output of a given specification product from the unit. Capacities are usually defined as:

On-stream factors

Yield

Design rate

B6. Future Expansion Considerations

A list of items to be considered in the unit design that will facilitate future expansion. Evaluation criteria

should include:

Providing space for a possible new reactor train


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Providing tie-ins to permit a duplicate or mirror image unit that can be added without

necessitating a shutdown

Guidelines for over design of structural systems to allow for additions

B7. Expected Project Life Cycle

This is the time period that the unit is expected to be able to satisfy the products and capacities required. Have

requirements for ultimate disposal and dismantling been considered? These requirements should include:

Cost of ultimate dismantling and disposal

Dismantling equipment requirements

Presence of contaminants

Disposal of hazardous materials

Possible future uses

B8. Social Issues

Evaluation of various social issues such as:

Domestic culture vs. international culture

Community relations

Labor relations

Government relations

Education / training

Safety and health considerations

C. BASIC DATA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

C1. Technology

The chemistry used to convert the raw materials supplied to the unit into the finished product. Proven

technology involves least risk, while experimental technology has a potential for change. Technology can be

evaluated as:

Existing / proven Duplicate

New

Experimental

C2. Processes

A particular, specific sequence of steps to change the raw materials into the finished product. Provenprocesses involve the least risk, while experimental processes have a potential for change. Processes can be

evaluated as:

Existing / proven

Duplicate

New


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Experimental

D. PROJECT SCOPE

D1. Project Objectives Statement (Y/N)

This is a mission statement that defines the project objectives and priorities for meeting the businessobjectives. It is important to obtain total agreement from the entire project team regarding these objectives

and priorities to ensure alignment.

D2. Project Design Criteria

The requirements and guidelines which govern the design of the project. Evaluation criteria should

include:


Climatic data

Codes & standards

National

Local Utilization of engineering standards

Owner's

Contractor's

Mixed

D3. Site Characteristics Available vs. Required (Y/N)

An assessment of the available vs. the required site characteristics. Evaluation criteria should include:

Capacity

Utilities

Power Fire water

Pipe racks

Flare systems

Waste treatment / disposal

Cooling water Storm water containment system

Type of buildings / structures

Amenities

Food service

Recreation facilities

Change rooms

Ambulatory access Medical facilities

Product shipping facilities

Material receiving facilities

Material storage facilities

Product storage facilities

Security


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D4. Dismantling and Demolition Requirements

Has a scope of work been defined for the dismantling of existing equipment and/or piping which may be

necessary for completing new construction? Evaluation criteria should include:

Timing

Permits

Approval

Safety requirements

Hazardous operations

Plant / operations requirements

Narrative (scope of work) for each system

Are the systems that will be dismantled...

Named & marked on process flow diagrams

Named & marked on P&ID's

Denoted on line lists and equipment lists

Denoted on piping plans or photo-drawings

D5. Lead / Discipline Scope of Work

This is a complete narrative description of the project, generally discipline oriented. This should be developed

through the use of the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) (Halpin et al. 1987).

D6. Project Schedule (Y/N)

Has the project milestone schedule been developed, analyzed, and agreed upon by the major project

participants? This should involve obtaining early constructability input from:

Operations

Engineering

Construction

E. VALUE ENGINEERING

E1. Process Simplification (Y/N)

Identify activities (through studies, reviews, etc.) for reducing the number of steps or the amount of

equipment needed in the process in order to optimize performance.

E2. Design & Material Alternatives Considered / Rejected (Y/N)

Is there a structured approach in place to consider design and material alternatives? Has it been implemented?

E3. Design For Constructability Analysis


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Is there a structured approach for constructability analysis in place? Have provisions been made to provide

this on an ongoing basis? This would include examining design options that minimize construction costs

while maintaining standards of safety, quality, and schedule. CII defines constructability as, "the optimum use

of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, procurement, and field operations to achieve

overall project objectives. Maximum benefits occur when people with construction knowledge and experience

become involved at the very beginning of a project" (CII 1986).

SECTION II - FRONT END DEFINITION

F. SITE INFORMATION

F1. Site Location (Y/N)

Has the geographical location of the proposed project been defined? This involves an assessment of the

relative strengths and weaknesses of alternate site locations. A site that meets owner requirements and

maximizes benefits for the owner company should be selected. Evaluation of sites may address issues relative

to different types of sites (i.e. global country, local, "inside the fence," or "inside the building"). This decision

should consider the long-term needs of the owner company (CII 1995). The selection criteria should includeitems such as:

General geographic location

o Access to the targeted market area

o Near sources of raw materials

o Local availability and cost of skilled labor (e.g.

construction, operation, etc.)

o Available utilities

o Existing facilities

Land availability and costs

Access (e.g. road, rail, marine, air, etc.)

Construction access and feasibility Political constraints

Legal constraints

Regulatory constraints

Financing requirements

Social issues Weather

Climate

F2. Surveys & Soil Tests

Survey and soil test evaluations of the proposed site should include items such as:

Topography map

Overall plant plot plan

General site description (e.g. terrain, existing structures, spoil removal, areas of hazardous

waste, etc.)

Definition of final site elevation

Benchmark control system


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Glossary of Terms


Spoil area (i.e. location of on-site area or off-site instructions)


Water table

Soil percolation rate & conductivity

Existing contamination

Ground water flow rates and directions Downstream uses of ground water

Need for soil treatment or replacement

Description of foundation types

Allowable bearing capacities

Pier / pile capacities

F3. Environmental Assessment

Evaluation of the site by characteristics such as:

Location in an EPA air quality non-compliance zone

Location in a wet lands area Environmental permits now in force

Location of nearest residential area

Ground water monitoring in place

Containment requirements

Existing environmental problems with the site

Past / present use of site

F4. Permit Requirements

Is there a permitting plan in place? The local, state, and federal government permits necessary to construct

and operate the unit should be identified. These should include items such as:

Construction

Fire

Local

Building

Environmental Occupancy

Transportation

Special

F5. Utility Sources With Supply Conditions

Has a list been made identifying availability / nonavailability of site utilities needed to operate the unit withsupply conditions of temperature, pressure, and quality? This should include items such as:

Potable water

Instrument air

Drinking water

Plant air


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Cooling water

Gases

Fire water

Steam

Sewers

Condensate Electricity (voltage levels)

F6. Fire Protection & Safety Considerations

A list of fire and safety related items to be taken into account in the design of the facility. These items should

include fire protection practices at the site, available firewater supply (amounts and conditions), special safety

requirements unique to the site, etc. Evaluation criteria should include:

Eye wash stations

Deluge requirements

Safety showers

Wind direction indicator Fire monitors & hydrants devices (i.e. wind socks)

Foam

Alarm systems

Evacuation plan

Medical facilities

Security fencing

G. PROCESS / MECHANICAL

G1. Process Flow Sheets

Drawings that provide the process description of the unit. Evaluation criteria should include:

Major equipment items

Flow of materials to and from the major equipment items

Primary control loops for the major equipment items

Sufficient information to allow sizing of all process lines

G2. Heat & Material Balances

Heat balances are tables of heat input and output for major equipment items (including all heat exchangers)

within the unit. Material balances are tables of material input and output for all equipment items within the

unit. The documentation of these balances should include:

Special heat balance tables for reaction systems

Information on the conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure)

Volumetric amount (GPM, ACFM, etc.)

G3. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID's)


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These are often referred to by different companies as:

EFD's - Engineering Flow Diagrams

MFD's - Mechanical Flow Diagrams

PMCD's - Process & Mechanical Control Diagrams

In general, P&ID's are considered to be a critical element within the scope definition package of an industrial

project. Since incomplete information on P&ID's is frequently identified as a source of project escalation, it is

important to understand their level of completeness. It often requires several iterations, or passes, to obtain all

of the necessary information from each discipline specialist. During each iteration, additional information is

added to the P&ID's. Thus, it is unlikely for P&ID's to be completely defined in a project's scope definition

package.

VALVES

o Process needed valves

o Valves needed for maintenance

o Bypasses, blocks, and bleedso Drains, vents, freeze protection, etc.

o Type of valve designated

o Non-line sized valves indicated

o Control valves sized

o Miscellaneous designated valves added

o Valve tags added (not always done)

o Valve design details added (as necessary)

PIPING SPECIALTY ITEMS

o Identification of items

o Numbering of items (usually by piping)o Specialty item design details (as necessary)

UTILITIES

o Main connections and continuationso Remaining connections and continuations

o Overall distribution and control

o Utilities design details

INSTRUMENTATION

o Elements, loops, and functionso Primary elements

o Local panel or control house location

o Control panel or CRT location

o Computer inputs and outputs

o Process steam traps (may be specialty items)

o Hard wired interlocks


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Glossary of Terms


o Motor controls (need schematics)

o Type of primary elements

o Instrument numbers

o Uniform logic control details

o Indicator lights

o Instrumentation design details (as necessary)

SAFETY SYSTEMS

o Process Safety Management Hazard Analysis review

o Key process relief valves

o Remaining relief valves

o Failure mode of control valves

o Car sealed valves (as necessary)

o Relief valve sizes (instrumentation / process check)

o Relief system line sizes

o System design details (as necessary)

SPECIAL NOTATIONS

o Identification of sloped lines

o Barometric legs (seals)

o Critical elevations and dimensions

o Vendor or designer supplied notes

o Critical locations (valves, etc.)

o Notes on venting or draining

o Vessel trim notes

o Startup and shutdown notes

o Design detail notes (as necessary)

G4. Process Safety Management (PSM)

This refers to OSHA Regulation 1910.119 compliance requirements. Has the owner clearly communicated

the requirements, methodology, and responsibility for the various activities?

G5. Utility Flow Diagrams

Utility flow diagrams are similar to P&ID's in that they show all utility lines from generation or supply (i.e.

pipeline). They are generally laid out in a manner to represent the geographical layout of the plant. Utility

flow diagrams are evaluated using the same criteria as P&ID's.

G6. Specifications

General specifications for the design, performance, manufacturing, material, and code requirements

should include items such as:

o Classes of equipment (e.g. pumps, exchangers, vessels, etc.)


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Glossary of Terms


o Process pipe heating

o Process

o Freeze

o Jacketed

o Process pipe cooling

o Jacketedo Traced

o Piping

o Protective coating

o Insulation

o Valves

o Bolts / gaskets

G7. Piping System Requirements

Pipe stress criteria should be provided to establish guidelines for analysis of piping systems and equipment

such as:

o Allowable forces and moments on equipment

o Graphical representation of piping line sizes that require analysis based on:

o Temperature

o Pressure

o Cyclic conditions

o Flex

o Stress

o Pulsation

o Seismic

G8. Plot Plan

The plot plan will show the location of new work in relation to adjoining units. It should include items such

as:

o Plant grid system with coordinateso Unit limits

o Gates & fences

o Off-site facilities

o Tank farms

o Roads & access ways

o Roads

o Rail facilitieso Green space

o Buildings

o Major pipe racks

o Laydown areas

o Construction / fabrication areas


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G9. Mechanical Equipment List

The mechanical equipment list should identify all mechanical equipment by tag number, in summary format,

to support the project. The list should define items such as:

o Existing sourceso Modified

o Dismantled

o Relocated

o Rerated

o New sources

o Purchased new

o Purchased used

o Relative sizes

o Weights

o Location

o Capacities

o Materialso Power requirements

o Flow diagrams

o Design temperature and pressure

o Insulation & painting requirements

o Equipment related ladders and platforms

G10.Line List

The line list designates all pipe lines in the project (including utilities). It should include items such as:

o Unique number for each line

o Sizeo Termination

o Origin

o Reference drawing

o Normal and upset operating

o Temperatureo Pressure

o Design temperature & pressure

o Test requirements

o Pipe specifications

o Insulation requirements

o Paint requirements

G11.Tie-in List

A list of all piping tie-ins to existing lines. It should include items such as:

o Location

o Insulation removal requirements


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o Decontamination requirements

o Reference drawings

o Pipe specifications

o Timing / schedule

o Type of tie-in / size

o Hot tapo Cold cut

o Flange

o Screwed

o Weld

o Cut & weld

G12.Piping Specialty Items List

This list is used to specify in-line piping items not covered by piping material specifications. It should identify

all special items by tag number, in summary format. It should include items such as:

o Tag numberso Full purchase description

o Quantities

o Materials of construction

o Piping plans referenced

o P&ID's referenced

o Piping details

o Line / equipment numbers

G13.Instrument Index

This is a complete listing of all instruments by tag number. Evaluation criteria should include:

o Tag number

o Instrument type

o Service

o P&ID number

o Manufacturero Model number

o Line number

o Relieving devices (e.g. relief valves, rupture disks, etc.)

H. EQUIPMENT SCOPE

H1. Equipment Status

Has the equipment been defined, inquired, bid tabbed, or purchased? This includes all engineer

cii bench marking & metrics

Documents