Cinematography

• The manipulations of the film strip by the camera in the shooting phase and by the laboratory in the developing phase.

• Shot scale/ distance

• Camera angles

• Camera movement

• Shot duration ( the long take)

• Lenses

Extreme Long Shot (ELS)

Long Shot (LS)

Medium Long Shot (MLS) “plan américain”

Medium Shot (MS)

Medium Close-up (MCU)

Close-up (CU)

Extreme Close-up (ECU)

Straight-on angle

High-angle

Low-angle

Canted angle

• Pan: camera is set on the tripod turning left or right. On the screen, the camera appears to scan the space horizontally.

TILT

• Tilt: camera is fixed on a tripod swivels up or down. This movement produces a vertical scan.

Tracking ShotCrane Shot

Focal Length

• the distance from the center of the lens to the point at which the light rays meet in sharp focus. This length determines perspective relations and depth cues on the flat screen surface.

Wide Angle

• short focal length (30 mm or less) which produces a wider angle of view.

Normal lens: 35-50 mm

Wide-Angle Lens : 30 or less

Telephoto Lens

• lens with a long focal length (75mm or more) that affects a scene’s perspective by enlarging distant planes and making them seem close to the foreground planes.

Depth of Field

• the range of distance within which objects can be photographed and remain in sharp focus.