+

What is poetry?Cinquain

Concrete

+Why do we read and write poetry?

Video clip 1:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omveFR-2hmg

Video clip 2:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQU3EphIpMY

+Elements of Poetry

•Poetry is not prose. Prose is the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing.

•Poetry is a form of literary expression that captures intense experiences or creative perceptions of the world in a musical language.

+ Distinguishing Characteristics of Poetry

Unlike prose which has a narrator, poetry has a speaker.

A speaker, or voice, talks to the reader. The speaker is not necessarily the poet. It can also be a fictional person, an animal or even a thing

Example

But believe me, son.

I want to be what I used to be

when I was like you.

from “Once Upon a Time” by Gabriel Okara

+ Distinguishing Characteristics of Poetry

• Poetry is also formatted differently from prose.

– A line is a word or row of words that may or may not form a complete sentence.

– A stanza is a group of lines in a poem. The stanzas in a poem are separated by a space.

ExampleOpen it.

Go ahead, it won’t bite.Well…maybe a little.from “The First Book” by Rita Dove

+ Prose Vs. Poetry No rhyme

No pattern/rhythm

No line division

Can use images

Can target emotions

Divisions are paragraphs

Rhymed/Unrhymed

Follows a beat/has rhythm

Line division

Uses images to focus on a

particular idea

Targets emotions through use of

images

Divisions are stanzas

+ Prose

A woman stands on a mountain top with the cold

seeping into her body. She looks on the valley

below as the wind whips around her. She

cannot leave to go to the peaceful beauty

below.

In the valley, the sun shines from behind

the clouds causing flowers to bloom. A breeze

sends quivers through the leaves of trees. The

water gurgles in a brook. All the woman can do

is cry.

+ PoetryThe Woman on the Peak

The woman stands upon the barren peak,Gazing down on the world beneath.The lonely chill seeps from the groundInto her feet, spreading, upward bound.The angry wind whistles ‘round her head,Whipping her hair into streaming snakes,While she watches, wishes, weakly wails.

Beyond the mountain, sunshine peeks,Teasing flowers to survive and thrive.The breeze whispers through the leaves,Causing gentle quivers to sway the trees.Laughter gurgles as the splashing brookPlayfully tumbles over rugged rocks,While the woman above can only grieve.

+Enjambment The continuation of the sense of a phrase beyond the end of

a line of verse (run on).

T.S. Eliot’s “The Wasteland”

April is the cruelest month,

breeding

Lilacs out of the dead land,

mixing

Memory and desire,….

William Carlos Williams’s “Between

Walls” is one sentence broken into 10

enjambed lines:

+Rhyme

Rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.

Red, bed, said, Ted, etc…

Internal rhyme occurs within a line of poetry.

End rhyme occurs at the end of lines.

Rhyme scheme is the pattern of end rhymes that may be designated by assigning a different letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme

+ Rhyme Scheme

Pattern of rhyme in a stanza or poem. You can identify

the rhyme scheme in stanzas by looking at the last word

in the line and assigning letters to the rhyming words

Example:

Like the sun behind the clouds A

Like the darkness of the night B

Like the grass beneath the trees C

You stepped into the light… B

+

In the pathway of the sun,

In the footsteps of the breeze,

Where the world and sky are one,

He shall ride the silver seas,

He shall cut the glittering wave.

I shall sit at home, and rock;

Rise, to heed a neighbor’s knock;

Brew my tea, and snip my thread;

Bleach the linen for my bed.

They will call him brave.

“Penelope” by Dorothy ParkerA

B

A

B

C

D

D

E

E

C

+ Rhyme Scheme Practice1.

I knew I’d have to grow up sometime, ______

That my childhood memories would end, ______

But a spark within me died, ______

When I lost my imaginary friend. ______

2.

As the sun set and the moon came, ______

I looked out the window in dread and shame. ______

The sound of birds rose from the sky, ______

I waved my hand and bid goodbye. ______

+3.

When I look into his eyes, ______

I see the deep blue sea. ______

I hope my love never dies, ______

That he’ll always be there for me. ______

4.

And here ends the saga ______

Of writers who have grown. ______

We’re successful authors, ______

Now we will be unknown. ______

Rhyme Scheme Practice

+

Types of PoetryCinquain

Concrete

Dramatic Poetry Dramatizes action though

dialogue or monologue

Narrative Poetry

Poetry-Tells a story

Lyrical PoetryExpresses Personal

thoughts and Emotions

+Acrostic

A poem that spells out a word.

Scary

Curious

Humiliating

Open

Opportunity

Laughter

+Ballad

A ballad is a narrative poem that is sometimes set to

music. Ballads have a long history and are found in

many cultures. The ballad is usually based on a folk

tale or legend, and typically includes a refrain.

“The Mermaid” (excerpt)

by

Unknown author

Oh the ocean waves may roll,

And the stormy winds may blow,

While we poor sailors go skipping aloft

And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below

And the land lubbers lay down below.

+Cinquain

five line poem (1 noun, 2 adjectives, 3 gerunds, full sentence, 1

synonym)

Money

Green, desirable

Stealing, earning, sharing

It is the necessary evil of the world.

Greed

+Concrete

A poem that focuses on the visual aspect of poetry, thus

creating a shape.

+Diamante A Diamante Poem compares/ contrasts 2 opposite things/

objects

A Diamante Poem is composed of 7 lines, each line specific for a

certain aspect of the poem similar to a Cinquain.

Format

Line 1: One word Noun

Line 2: Two adjectives describing that

noun

Line 3: Three Verbs that the noun does

Line 4: 4 Things- 2 for the top noun, 2

for the bottom noun

Line 5: Three verbs for the bottom

noun

Line 6: Two adjectives that describe

the bottom noun

Line 7: One word noun

Sample

Cat

Furry, Silky

Sleeping, Purring,

Meowing

Tail, Fur, Tongue, Collar

Barking, Playing, Licking

Friendly, Big

Dog

+ Elegy An Elegy is a sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a

person.

The Stone Alone in a meadow

in the pouring rain I find the stone that

causes all my pain,

As I stumble through the fog in disbelief

I fall down upon my knees and sob in grief

The fog horn cries her mournful sound

As my heart falls down,

beneath the ground Crying out to God

for mercy all in vain

To take away the stone that bears your

name

--Elaine George

+Epitaph

A short poem, saying or other message on a

gravestone in memory of a deceased

person.

EX: For Mary Fowler, 1792, age 24, Milford, CT

Molly tho’ pleasant in her day

Was suddenly seized and went away

How soon she’s ripe,

how soon she’s rotten

Laid in her grave and soon forgotten.

+Epic

An epic poem is a long, serious, poetic narrative about a significant event, often featuring a hero.

Example:

The Iliad

The Odyssey

-both by Homer

+ Free Verse

Free Verse is a type of poetry that exhibits very little boundaries. It

does not rhyme, but rather “flows” to the beat of a different drummer. It

is not story-like with complete sentences, but poetic like the following:

Nightmare

A thought, or is it reality

Mysterious happenings

Seeking to be let out

Scary beyond all measures

Falling into darkness

Only finding

…morning

+Sample Free Verse—Can you give

it a title?

Fleeting

Whispering the words of the deaf

Always felt but never touched

Always heard but never seen

Cornering you in the night

Unbiased

And everchanging

+ Let’s write one together.

Contribute a line!

Tomorrow

It is just beyond the horizon

+

Group 1 --Clouds

Group 2-- Adventure

Group 3--Winter

Group 4--Betrayal

Group 5--Laughter

Work collaboratively with your group to

construct a Free Verse poem over your given

topic. EACH group member must contribute

at least one line!

+Haiku

A Haiku is a Japanese poem that follows a specific pattern.

Haikus traditionally deal with subjects associated with nature

or natural things. - the first line must be five syllables- the

second line must be seven syllables- the third line must be

five syllables (5, 7, 5 rule)

Examples:

The whisper of wind

Here today, here tomorrow

Always Everywhere.

Yellow lines white lines

It shouldn't be quite so hard

To stay in between

Curving up, then down.

Meeting blue sky and green earth

Melding sun and rain.

+Are these Haikus? If not, how can

they be fixed?

Night

Mystery lurking

Chilled to the bones with fear

Cautiously waiting

Friends

Real friends cry with you

They pick up where you left off

Trust is key

+You try! Fill in the two five syllable lines.

*Fill in the seven syllable line.

It was the first time

_____________________________

_____________________________

*Fill in the two five syllable lines.

___________________________

The petals bend to the earth

___________________________

+LimerickA limerick poem is one in which the first, second and fifth lines rhyme with

each other and have the same number of syllables (typically 8 or 9).

The third and fourth lines rhyme with each other and have the same

amount of syllables. Limericks often start with the line "There once was

a..." or "There was a...” and are typically funny/humorous!

Example of an 8,8,5,5,8 syllable limerick:

There once was a girl on the bus

So cute she made Christopher fuss

He gave her a look

Got smacked with a book

It hurt him so bad that he cussed.

+Sample Limericks

There once was a boy named

Bieber

who gave all the ladies fever

Small pox it was not,

they thought he was hot,

with hair like a golden retriever.

My homework has just been beset

by the memes on the Internet

A panda sneezes...

Then my comp freezes!

And I'm stuck with math I don't get.

+ Lyric Poem A poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of

the writer; has a song-like quality

Example:

I felt a Funeral, in my Brain, (340)

BY EMILY DICKINSON

I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,

And Mourners to and fro

Kept treading - treading - till it seemed

That Sense was breaking through -

And when they all were seated,

A Service, like a Drum -

Kept beating - beating - till I thought

My mind was going numb -

And then I heard them lift a Box

And creak across my Soul

With those same Boots of Lead, again,

Then Space - began to toll,

As all the Heavens were a Bell,

And Being, but an Ear,

And I, and Silence, some strange Race,

Wrecked, solitary, here -

And then a Plank in Reason, broke,

And I dropped down, and down -

And hit a World, at every plunge,

And Finished knowing - then -

+ Ode A poem that celebrates a subject; a tribute to an

object, person or event

Example:

Ode on SolitudeBY ALEXANDER POPE

Happy the man, whose wish and care

A few paternal acres bound,

Content to breathe his native air,

In his own ground.

Whose herds with milk, whose fields with

bread,

Whose flocks supply him with attire,

Whose trees in summer yield him shade,

In winter fire.

Blest, who can unconcernedly find

Hours, days, and years slide soft away,

In health of body, peace of mind,

Quiet by day,

Sound sleep by night; study and ease,

Together mixed; sweet recreation;

And innocence, which most does please,

With meditation.

Thus let me live, unseen, unknown;

Thus unlamented let me die;

Steal from the world, and not a stone

Tell where I lie.

+Sonnet

A form of poetry that was created during the renaissance. English sonnets consist of 14 lines; three, four line stanzas (quatrains) accompanied by a two line (couplets) closing stanza. The rhyming scheme for an English Sonnet is:

ababcdcdefefgg

To repeat one’s lovely self twice daily

And to tell the time is quite the ticket;

While grinding your shining gears quite gaily

Within ticking metal so intricate.

It just takes some time and its’ dictation

To fuel your ever-working little hands

Silently counting the world’s rotations

As wind blows hard upon the dusty sands.

A clever guardian of all that breathes

And of everything that’s rightly true;

An invisible sower of the seeds

But will you choose to see tomorrow through?

You can erode the world down to the last

Teller of future, and keeper of past.

Literally: words function exactly as definedThe car is blue.He caught the football.

Figuratively: figure out what it means

I’ve got your back.

You’re a doll.^Figures of Speech

Alliteration refers to repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words and/or phrases. Don't delay dawns disarming display .

Dusk demands daylight . Dewdrops dwell delicatelydrawing dazzling delight .Dewdrops dilute daisies domain. Distinguished debutantes . Diamonds defray delivereddaylights distilled daisy dance

The line lingers,My stomach growls.Tina topples her tray,And the whole place howls!Spinach spills!Pass the paper towels!Someone pings a pea,And the fifth grade teacher frowns!What’s likely at lunch?Everyone chomps and chows down!

Repetition of vowel sound.

Examples “That solitude which suits abstruser

musings” - Samuel Taylor Coleridge

“Hear the mellow wedding bells.” — Edgar Allen Poe

Writers sometimes repeat vowel sounds to reinforce the meaning of the words. It also helps to create moods. Here, the long o sounds mysterious.

Poetry is old, ancient, goes back far. It is among the oldest of living things. So old it is that no man knows how and why the first poems came. --Carl Sandburg, Early Moon

And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling, my darling, my life and my bride.

--Edgar Allan Poe, "Annabel Lee"

Repetition of a consonant sound that is not at the beginning of the word—appears in the middle or end of words.

Example The sun goes down “as in guys she gently sways at ease” –Robert

Frost The letter was blank, and she didn’t even blink. Sound beside the wood

Alliteration is repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of a word.

Assonance is repetition of vowel sounds (typically happens in the middle of a word).

Consonance is repetition of consonant sound at the end of words.

Trick: Put the words in alphabetical order!

Alliteration Assonance Consonance

beginning middle end

The repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis.

Winston Churchill’s famous 1940 speech before the Commons:

We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.

An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication.

I was his Juliet, he my Romeo.

When she walked down the hall they parted like the red sea.

Connotation - the emotion or attitude surrounding a word.

Denotation - the strict dictionary meaning of a word.

Example: You may live in a house, but we live in a home.

thrifty penny-pinching

pushy aggressive

politician statesman

chef cook

slender skinny

When we explore the connotation and denotation of a poem, we are looking at the poet’s diction.

Diction – the choice of words by an author or poet.

Many times, a poet’s diction can help unlock the tone or mood of the poem.

Mood – the feeling or atmosphere that a poet creates. Mood can suggest an emotion (ex. “excited”) or the quality of a setting (ex. “calm”, “somber”) In a poem, mood can be established through word choice, line length, rhythm, etc.

Tone – a reflection of the poet’s attitude toward the subject of a poem. Tone can be serious, sarcastic, humorous, etc.

Hyperboles are figures of speech that are exaggerated in order to create emphasis or effect. I’m so hungry I could eat a

horse!

I have a million things to do.

He’ll live to be six-hundred and two!

Idioms are, literally ideas as expressions. They develop from older usage, where the words mean something other than their literal meaning. A chip on your shoulder

A slap on the wrist

A fair-weather friend

A piece of cake

Imagery allows a writer to show what he/she means instead of just telling someone.

His skin smelled of poison, his face a flawless bronze. His features were dark, mysterious even. His eyes were a mixture of amber, brown, and the blackest black.

It involves one or more of your five senses (hearing, taste, touch, smell, sight). Imagery consists of descriptive words or phrases that re-create sensory experiences for the reader.

1. Frost on the window

2. Jet3. Kite4. Skyscraper5. Small child

A. Towering giant hovering above its subjects

B. Fragile plant sprouting from the earth seeking attention

C. A lace curtain made of silver thread

D. Howling monster ripping apart everything in his way

E. Swirly lines of whipped cream

Big/unfocused image Birthday parties are

fun.

School dances are strange.

The holocaust was inhumane.

Small/focused image Licking the pink

frosting off the ends of the candles

Strobe lights flickering over laughing faces as the beat pounds on

A mountain of children’s shoes

His car was a mess.

The food did not look good.

The dog was mean.

Her shoes did not fit.

Comparing two unlike things not using like or as.

Examples: My mother is a rock.He has a heart of stone.Life is a struggle.Time is money.

Hate is a sore, festering and bubbling on the heartHate is a single-leafed tree, its owner weak and aloneHate is a wilted rose, time has worn it from beauty to

wretchednessHate is a zit, ready to burstHate is the Hulk, small when calm, huge and fierce when agitatedHate is a snake, it swallows its enemies wholeHate is a birthday party, it can take you by surpriseHate is a tree, it stands the test of timeHate is a rubber band, it will snap when pulled too hardHate is a deadly disease, something you don’t want to catch

Extended Metaphor (also called a Conceit)

Hate is a zitEarned by debris, dirt, oil, grimeKicked into a faceBy a filthy worldIt begins beneath the surfaceThen pokes out its disgusting headMakes the face turn redAnd grows and growsUntil finallyIt explodes

You may use any of the following terms:

Love, faith, friendship, joy, cold, heat

Comparing two unlike things using like or as.

“Can’t you see they smell like a broom?”

“Their laughter was all of a sudden and surprised like a pile of dishes breaking”

The process of creating or using words that imitate sounds.

Buzz Chirp Baah Bang Beep clatter ding

Shout and shoot and gargle, gasp,Gab and gag and groan,Hem and haw and work the jaw,Grumble, mumble, moan…

Beef and bellyache and bat,Say a mouthful, squawk,That is what some people doWhen they merely talk.

A special kind of concise paradox that brings together two contradicting terms

The battle of little big horn.A venomous loveBitter-sweetAlone in a crowdAmong the firstA big baby

Awarding human like qualities to inanimate objects.

The sun looked down and smiled.Opportunity knocks.The Earth felt the wound.The lightning lashed out with anger.The stars danced in the night sky.