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THE FAITHFUL YOUNG· -FAMILY:·,

-THEPARENTS.BROTHERS AND SISTERS OF BRIGHAM

BY LEO N A R D j. A R R I N G TON s, _J 0 ANN J 0 L LEY

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rig ham Young-organizer. pioneer, in-spired prophet ofGod. We revere himas an energetic,fearless man of action

••••• who helped establishthe kingdom of God on earth andhelped ensure its nonstop pro-liferation through the best and worstof times.

Yet Brigham Young's story ishardly one of auspicious beginningsor easy circumstances. And it is notthe history of his life alone. Rather,his story commences with a familyportrait. Father, mother, brothers,and sisters formed an intimate, cher-ished nucleus where Brigham wasnourished in Christian principles andthereby prepared to embrace the re-stored gospel. All living members ofhis immediate family joined theChurch, became stalwarts in thefaith, and set spiritual precedents forfuture generations.

EARLY YEARSBrigham Young was the third

youngest of eleven children born toJohn and Abigail {"Nabby") HoweYoung between 1786 and 1807.John, a veteran of three Revolution-ary War campaigns under GeorgeWashington, married Nabby in 1785.The young couple settled on a farm inHopkinton, Massachusetts. John, a"small, nimble, wiry man,"? toiledunceasingly to support his rapidlygrowing family. But he never lostsight of his moral and religious con-victions.· "He was very circumspect,exemplary and religious," wroteBrigham, "and was, from an earlyperiod of his life, a member of theMethodist Church. "3

Nabby was one of the five popu-lar Howe sisters of Shrewsbury, nearHopkinton- "pretty girls, vivacious,musical. . , . All were very devoutand deeply concerned with Puritanreligious life." Physically. Nabbywas "a little above medium height.She had blue eyes, with yellowishbrown hair. folded in natural wavesand ringlets across her shapelybrow," And the nineteen-year-old

. was "exceedingly methodical andorderly in her temperament .• "

She had innate medical ability, a')her son Phinehas testified:

"My earliest recollection of thescenes of life are relating to myselfand my brother Joseph. A short timebefore I was two years old, he cut offmy right hand, except a small portionof my little finger, with an ax, whilewe were at play. My mother doctoredit and saved it. "s

The first eight Young childrenwere Nancy, born in 1786; Fanny(1787); Rhoda (1789); John, Jr.(1791); Nabby, her mother's name-sake (1793); Susannah Cl795);Joseph (1797); and Phinehas Howe(1799).

After sixteen years in Hopkinton(with a brief interlude in PlatauvaDistrict, New York), John moved hisfamily into a log cabin on the out-skirts of Whitingham, WindhamCounty, Vermont, in the bitter NewEngland cold of January 180L Here,five months later, Brigham was bornon I June 1801. The family remainedin Whitingham for about three yearswhile John cleared timber to renderthe land suitable for farming.

Another promising land enter-prise took the Youngs to Sherburn,Chenango County, New York, in1804, where John "followed fann-ing, clearing new land. and enduringmany hardships, with his family, in-cidental to new settlements in aheavy timbered country as New Yorkwas in those days."> Here the lasttwo children were born, Louisa in1804 and Lorenzo Dow in 1807.

Despite John's industry, Nabby 'sthrift, and occasional prospects foreconomic improvement. the Youngsnever had material success. Sacri-fice! illness, and poverty were con-stant, unremitting companions.Brigham reflected years later on thediscrepancies between his father'sdreams and the disheartening reality:

"My father was a poor, honest.hard-working man; and his mindseemingly stretched from east towest, from north to south; and to theday of his death he wanted ro com-mand world:)" (Journal of Dis-courses, 9:104).

By the time baby Lorenzo Dow .joined the family in 1S07. tW1.)of hissisters had already married and left

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home. Nancy married Daniel Kent in1803; the same year Fanny, thensixteen, married Robert Carr.

Joseph Young recalled that whenbaby Brigham was a few months old,"my father bought a cow ... and itis worthy of note that the cow gavemore milk than anyone I have everseen since that time .... The animalwould suffer no one to come nearher, except my sister Fanny, whowith the infant Brigham in her armsperformed this service of milkingtwice each day during the summer;this was in consequence of thesickness of my mother, and the childhad to be nursed from the bottle, andno one could pacify him but my sisterFanny ." -t

Daughter Nabby, then fourteen,died of consumption (tuberculosis) in-1807. The illness had ravaged thefrail constitution of her mother forseveral years and would ultimatelyprove fatal to her, also. It was aprolonged, agonizing death, commonamong frontier families of the day.

In 1813 two more of John andNabbys children left the nest. InFebruary Rhoda, then twenty-three,married John Pourtenous Greene;later that year John, Jr., marriedTheodocia Kimball. Susannahmarried James Little in 1814. By thistime the family had moved again - toCayuga County, New York.

When in June of 1815 NabbyYoung finally lost the long andpainful battle against consumption,five' of her children - Joseph,Phinehas, . Brigham, Louisa, andLorenzo- ages just under eight toeighteen. were living at home.Fanny. separated from her unfaithfulhusband. had returned to the house-hold during Nabby 's final days. andfor a while kept the family together.Within three years of Nubby's death.however. father and children hadgone separate ways. though strongfamily ties still united them in manyrespects. Joseph had beenapprenticed out to a brother-in-law.James Little (Susannah's husband),for miscellaneous "service";

. Lorenzo' lived for a while with asister, Rhoda Greene, and laterjoined the Littles to learn gardeningand tree raising.

THE ENSIGN/AUGUST 1980 53

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Phinehas married Clarissa Ham-ilton at age nineteen in 1818. FatherYoung meanwhile moved to Tyrone,New York, and in 1817 marriedHannah Brown, a widow with sever-al children. She and John would havea son, Edward. Brigham, apprenticedto a carpenter in Auburn (nearTyrone), in a short time became anexpert carpenter, painter, andglazier. Louisa probably lived withher father and stepmother until shemarried Joel Sanford in 1825.

THE YOUNGS AND THE GOSPELeligious commit-ment had alwaysbeen a strong forcein John Young'sfamily, It is interest-ing to note that as[1111111 the gospel restoration

approached, a remarkable series ofevents began to transpire in the livesand hearts of the Youngs. John andNabby Young's children had beentaught principles of Christian living.Methodist circuit riders werewelcomed with attentiveness and re-spect, Even such unorthodox preach-ers as Lorenzo Dow,' after whom theyoungest Young was named. evokedthe interest of most of the family.Several Young brothers ~cord~Jearly spiritual experiences.

Brigham later recalled his brotherJoseph's religious commitment: "Inearly life he became attached to reli-

gion, and was very moral anddevoted. . . . He was a Methodistpreacher for many years.·'8 Joseph,Brigham noted, was also the mostserious-minded of men: "My brotherJoseph once said to me (and we wereboth Methodists at the time),'Brother Brigham. there is not aBible Christian in the world; whatwill become of the people?' Formany years no person saw a smile onhis [Joseph 's] countenance. in con-sequence of the burden of the Lordbeing upon him. and realizing thatthe inhabitants of the earth had allgone out of the way and had turnedevery man to his own views"(Journal of Discourses. 12:95).

And Brigham' placed consid-erable stock in his brother's spiritual-ity: "I knew that he was solemn andpraying all the time. I had moreconfidence in his judgment and dis-cretion, and in the manifestations ofGod to him. than I had in myself"(Journal of Discourses, 8:37).

John. six years older than Joseph,joined the Methodist Church when hewas fourteen or fifteen. For severalyears he was "devotedly attached tothat religion. ''9 .

Phinehas, 2'h years Brigham'ssenior. was likewise reared in theMethodist faith, but struggled formany years to find spiritual identity.Shortly after his marriage in 1818 hetried to "gctrcligion" but found nosatisfaction. For the next few years

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PORT BYRON, :-.iEW YORK

In the earlyyears of his marriage

to Miriam Works,Brigham Young worked

here, involved inmanufacturing paints.

he wavered between religious andworldly values: .

"Csought for riches. but in vain;there was something that always kepttelling me that happiness originatedin higher pursuits. and in the fall of1823, a few months previous to my.twenty-fourth birthday, I again com-menced seeking the Lord with greaterenergy and a more fixed determina-tion than at any former period of mylife.

"I forsook all my former associ-ates. and commenced praying andfasting and watching every weaknessof my nature. and the more Iprayed.the more I saw my weakness and feltmy dependence upon God. " He-joined the Methodist ReformedChurch, received "Iicense to speakin public," and "prayed continuallyto God to make me holy and give mepower to do good."

Once when Phinehas visited ayoung woman dying of consumption.he W:lS prompted to "lay hands onthe sufferer and rebuke the disease .••He did so. and the woman washealed. He wrote. "1 had never seenanything of the kind in my life. buthad always believed the people wereliving far beneath their privileges. "to

It was perhaps the youngest son,Lorenzo, who saw earliest that heand members of his immediate fam-ily would play a significant part inthe unfolding drama of Goo's latter-day kingdom. In 1816. barely nine

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years old, he had a startlinglyprophetic dream: "I thought I stoodin an open space or ground and saw agood. well defined road leading, atan angle of forty-five degrees, intothe air as far as I could see. I heard anoise similar to that of a carriage inrapid motion, at what seemed the

. upper end of the road. In a moment itcame into sight, drawn by a pair ofbeautiful white horses. The carriageand harness appeared brilliant withgold, and the horses traveled with thespeed of the wind. It was manifestedto me that the Savior was in thecarriage, and that it was driven by hisservant. It stopped near me and theSavior inquired 'Where is yourbrother Brigham?' After answeringhis question he inquired about myother brothers, and concerning myfather. His queries being answeredsatisfactorily, he stated that he want-ed us all, but especially my brotherBrigham. The team then [turned]about and returned the way itcame. . .. Subsequent eventsproved that it foreshadowed our

. future. It was evidently fulfilledwhen my father and all of his familyentered into the new and everlastingCovenant. " .

Lorenzo further recalled that hismother, "a praying, fervent woman"and an invalid until she died when hewas seven, "frequently called me toher bedside and counseled me to be agood man that the Lord might blessmy life." He added, "On one occa-sion she told me that if I would notneglect to pray to my HeavenlyFather, he would send a guardianangel to protect me in the dangers towhich I might be exposed. "II

His mother's admonition andpromise sustained Lorenzo through alifelong series of illnesses and .acci-dents. Lorenzo was convinced that"the guardian angel, promised himby his mother, watched over hisspiritual as well. as temporalwelfare. "

Throughout Lorenzo's strivingsfor spiritual enlightenment. "a spiritworked with him to do all the goodhe! could but not to join any retigious(denomination], and at this time' itprevailed against all temptation ..'1 think at the time. . . 1 had as

much of the spirit of the Lord withme as I could well enjoy in myignorance of the Gospel in its purity.1 was full of the testimony of the truthas I undt!rstood.it.' "11

In the years following Nabbysdeath and John's remarriage, Johnand his new family moved to Men-don, Monroe County,' New York.'Nearly all of Father Young's chil-dren, with their growing families.gathered to Mendon and nearbyvillages within several years. Mostwould soon hear and accept the re-stored gospe\.

Phinehas, who moved to Mendonin spring 1828, described the reli-gious activity of the area: "Aboutthis time my father, brother Lorenzoand others of my father's family,moved into the town. We immedi-ately opened a house for preaching.and commenced teaching the peopleaccording to the light we had; areformation commenced, and wesoon had a good society organized.and the Lord blessed our labors. . . .

"Thus things moved on until thespring of 1830, and I might say until1832; there was little or no change in

. the progress of the reformation; not-withstanding, I, as an individual, feltthat we had arrived at the zenith ofour enjoyment in the course we werepursuing. "\3

Meanwhile, April 1830 broughtthe formal organization of the re-stored Church of Jesus Christ- andthe Prophet had lost little time incommencing missionary efforts.Samuel H. Smith was on the road byJune, preaching and selling copies ofthe Book of Mormon ..

On the second day of his journey.Smith called at the home of John P.and Rhoda Young Greene. Greene, aMethodist minister, expressed no in-terest in the book but in kindnesstook a few copies to sell them on an .upcoming preaching tour. SamuelSmith left, promising to return in twoweeks. Later. "more out of curiositythan desire. both Mr. Greene and hiswife read the book and were deeplyimpressed. Samuel sold a ropy toPhinehas Howe Young. and this copywas read by his brother BrighamYoung. The copy left with John P.Greene and the one sold to Phinehas

Howe Young brought the first directinformation of the restoration of thegospel to the Young family."

Phinehas, who apparently re-ceived a Book of Mormon fromSamuel Smith a short time later, wasimpressed neither with the mission-ary nor the publication. Samuel de-clared that he knew the book "to be arevelation from God, translated bythe gift and power of the Holy Ghost.and that my brother Joseph Smith,Jun., is a Prophet, Seer and Revela-tor." Phinehas recorded that '.'thislanguage seemed to me very strange,and, I thought, rather ridiculous, stillI said but little more to him, as Ithought he must be deceived, andthat the book was a production got upto lead the people' astray; however, Ithought it my duty to read it. as Ihadpromised, and search out the errors,and as a teacher in Israel. exposesuch errors and save the people fromthe delusion." His suspicions weresoon overturned. .

"I commenced and read everyword in the book in the same week •••he recorded. "The week following Idid the same, but to my surprise, Icould not find the errors that Iantici-pated, but felt a conviction that thebook was true.

" ... My father then took thebook home with him, and read itthrough. I asked him his opinion ofit. He said it was the greatest workand the clearest of error he had everseen, the Bible not excepted.

"I then lent the book to my sister.Fanny Murray. She read it and de-clared it a revelation. Many others'did the same."

Believing in this new "GoldenBible" but still firm in Methodism,Phinehas left New York on a preach-ing misson with his brother J05(!ph inlate August. Calling on an "old ac-·quaintance by the name of SolomonChamberlain" along the way. theyheard an impromptu sermon onMormonism. "He told us there was aChurch organized. and ten or morewere baptized, and everyone mustbelieve the Book of Mormon or belost This was the first I had heardof the' necessity of another church •••wrote Phinehas, "or of theimportance of re-baptism: but after

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THE ENSIGN/AUGUST 19dO 55

hearing the old gentleman'sarguments. . . . I began to inquireseriously 'into the matter, and soonbecame convinced that such an orderof things was necessary for thesalvation of the world ..•

Able to think of "but little exceptthe Book of Mormon and what Ihadheard of Mormonism," Phinehasfound his own preaching ineffectiveand determined to return to his home."I still continued to preach," hewrote, "trying to tie Mormonism toMethodistism [sic], for more than ayear, when I found they had noconnection and could not be united,and that I must leave the one andcleave to the other.

"About this time my brotherBrigham came to see me, and very

.soon told me that he was convincedthat there was something toMormonism. I told him I had longbeen satisfied of that .••

Brigham was soon on his way toCanada "to tell the good tidings toour brother Joseph, who was therepreaching Methodistism, and totry toget him to come home with him. "14

By the end of April 1832 some ofMormonism's most devoted follow-ers had been baptized: Father Youngand his wife Hannah; Brigham andMiriam Young; Phinehas H. andClarissa Young; Joseph Young;Lorenzo D. and Persis Young; JohnP. and Rhoda Young Greene; andFanny Young Murray. Theremaining members of the Youngfamily were not far behind.Susannah, widowed in 1822 andmarried to William Stilson in 1829,was baptized in June 1832; Louisa,married to Joel Sanford. also _cameinto the fold that year. Nancy YoungKent and her husband, Daniel, joinedthe Church in 1833 in Tyrone, NewYork. And John, Jr., was baptized,after a thorough investigation of theChurch and its tenets, in October of

·1833.John Young lived to partake of

both the joys and sufferings of theLord's elect. He moved with hisfamily to Kirtland in the fall of 1833.The next year he was ordained apatriarch by President Joseph Smith.Little is recorded of his persecutions,but the Prophet Joseph Smith record-

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ed John Young's October 1839 deathby reflecting the difficulties of hisfinal years: "He was ... a firmbeliever in the everlasting Gospel ofJesus Christ; and fell asleep under theinfluence of that faith that buoyed uphis soul, in the pangs of death, to aglorious hope of immortality; fullytestifying to all, that the religion heenjoyed in life was able to supporthim in death. He was driven fromMissouri with the Saints in the latterpart of the last year. He died a martyrto the religion of Jesus, for his deathwas caused by his sufferings in thecruel persecution" (History of theChurch, 4: 14-15).

Three of Brigham's five livingsisters - Nancy, Fanny, andSusannah - crossed the plains andlived to see the desert begin toblossom under the direction of theiryounger brother Brigham. Rhoda,weakened by inflammatoryrheumatism and the hardships of flee-ing mobs in Ohio and Missouri, diedin Commerce, Illinois, in 1840 at age.fifty-one. She had borne seven chil-dren to her husband, John P. Greene,"to whom," recorded Brigham,"she was truly a helpmate through allthe varied travels of life. "15

Louisa apparently went with herhusband, Joel Sanford, and their fourchildren to Missouri in 1833 and diedin Independence that year at the ageof twenty-nine.

Nancy Young Kent, widowed in1853, lived for a while with two ofher children in Wisconsin. FranklinW. Young recorded that in 1857, "incompany with her nephew. Wm. G.Young, she went with ox teams toUtah, where she lived in her bro.Brigham Young's Lion House untilthe 22 Sept. 1860 when she died atthe good old age of 74 years, honoredand beloved by all who knew her. "\6

Susannah had borne eight chil-dren. been twice widowed. and "suf-fered many of the persecutions of theChurch" by the time she crossed theplains in 1849. Sadly, she had littlestrength left .to see her through thecontinuing hardships of life in SaltLake! City's infancy; she died there inthe spring of 1851 at age fifty-se vren.

Fanny Young Murray leftNauvoo, Illinois, apparently alone,

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journeying with a pioneer companyto Salt Lake City sometime between1847 and 1849. Fanny was seventy-two when she died in 1859.

All four of Brigham's brothersremained faithful and filled lead-ership positions in the councils of theChurch - Joseph as a president of theoriginal quorum of seventies; John,Jr., as stake patriarch; Phinehas asbishop and counselor in a stake presi-dency; Lorenzo as bishop and direct-or of home missionaries (mission-aries who labored in Utah and itsenvirons). Each served several mis-sions for the Church; each endured.untold persecutions from mobs andpoliticians; each followed hisprophet-brother across the country tosettle in the Rocky Mountains.

Most of the brothers married sev-eral times; from the marriages ofthem and of their sisters came dozensof children - including many faithfulSaints who would build and strength-en the Church for generations.Though it would be virtuallyimpossible to catalogue thedescendants of each of these nobleSaints, it is important to acknowl-edge their .••.ital contributions to theestablishment and growth of theChurch.

The Young brothers witnessedsome of the most dramatic historicalevents of the nineteenth century.Joseph. newly married, was calledwith Brigham in 1834 to march withZion's Camp. He walked thethousand miles to Missouri and an-other thousand home again toKirtland. He later commented,' 'Inever went through a more severetrial of my faith. "\7

Joseph also was an eyewitness tothe Haun's Mill massacre in October1838. He and his family weremiraculously spared. His descriptionof that dreadful event was sub-sequently published in the Millennia/Star (see vol, 16, p. 508).

Lorenzo and his second wife.Harriet Page Wheeler, werenumbered ~ng the first small com-pany of pioneers, led by BrighamYoung, to enter th~ &tit L:U.:eValleyin July of 1847. They were parents ofthe first pioneer male child born in .the valley-Lorenzo Dow Young.

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->9<-THE YOUNG BROTHERS

John and AbigailHowe Younghad five sons.

They were,from left to right,Lorenzo, Brigham,Phinehas, Joseph,

and John.

born 20 September 1847. "He was abright little fellow, " wrote his uncle,"and gave great promise of life andgrowth, but was overtaken by thatmost certain of all things-death,March 22nd 1848. "18 The elderLorenzo's long life was filled with -devoted service to family, church,and community.

Phinehas, too, was a vanguardpioneer, although before his groupreached the valley he and three othermen volunteered to turn back andserve as guides for groups starting thetrek. The first of these groups waspresided over by his brother John.After Phinehas made three suchexcursions he finally settled per-manently in Salt Lake City. where heerected a two-story adobe home andplanted one of the first orchards inthe valley. He became active in poli-tics. grew award-winning straw-berries, and instigated a tree-plantingeffort which eventually yielded SaltLake City's Liberty Park. Thebrothers enjoyed each other's com-pany in Salt Lake City. Joseph andLorenzo lived near Brigham and of-ten joined his family for eveningsinging and prayers.

Most of the Young family contin-ued strong in their faith. In 1857Brigham noted, "My father and step-mother embraced the plan ofsalvation as revealed through Josephthe Prophet; and four of my brothers.five sisters, and their children and

their children's children. almost-without exception, are in thisChurch" (Journal of Discourses.4:281).

Nearly forty years later, Lorenzo,at eighty-three the only survivingchild of John Young, recorded: "Myfather, my step-mother, HannahBrown. my four brothers and fivesisters, with their wives andhusbands, were all members of theChurch, carried out their professionsand lived like true Saints. with theexception of two brothers-in-law. Ofa family of twenty three, twenty oneof them, if I pass away in the faith,will have lived and died Latter DaySaints. "

He then reflected. "There is somuch that is near and dear to me theother side of the vail, that hides theimmortal from our vision, that I feelalmost impatient to burst the bandsand be free. "19 Five years later, in1895, he did •'burst the bands" ofmortality. The last of the Youngchildren had come home. 0

NOles1-. We: appreciate: the research <:>0 Brigham

Young's early life done by Richard F. Palmerof Cayuga. New York, The: following refer-CI1I:e5 have been particularly helpful: Re~Cornwall and Richard F. Palmer, "The Reli-6i""3 imti F••mily 9~"""nd .,f EI";s""'"Young," Brigh/lJlt YlllUIg UniVfr5!(y S",Jii1.18 (Spring 1978): ~86-310; and S. DilworthYoung, "Here Is Bri~Jtum ... ": Bri.~""'"YoulIg-the' Y(III'S I,) 18-14 (Salt LIke City:Bookcran, Inc., 196ol).

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2. Joomal of Franklin Wheeler Young,holograph. Church Historical Department. p.5.

3, Manuscript History of Brigham Young •.Elden Jay Watson, ed. Church HiS(. Depc .• p ..iv,4, Susa Young Gates. "Mothers of the Lat-

ter-day Prophets," Juvenile Instructor, Jan.1924. pp. 4-5.S. Miriam Maxfield, "A Compiled History

of Phinehas Howe Young. •. typescript,Church Hist. Dept. p, I,6. Journal of Franklin Wheeler Young. p. 5.7, Journal of Franklin Wheeler Young. pp.

13-14.8. Manuscript History of Brigham Young. p.

xi,9, Journal of Franklin Wheeler Young. p.

10.10. Maxfield, pp. 1-2.II. James A. Little, "Biography of LorenzoDow Young." typescript. Church Hist. Dept.pp. 1-2.12. Little. p. 7.13. Manuscript History of Brigham Young. p.xvii, "\14. Maxfield, pp. 3-6.IS. Manuscript History of Brigham Young. p.viii,16. Journal of Franklin Wheeler Young. p. 7.17. Remarks at a Zioo's Camp reunioo. re-poned in Deseret News, 11 (XI. 1865.18, Journal of Franklin Wbeeler Young. p.51. .19. Linle, p. ~.

Leon.ml J, Arrilfgrtlft, dirn-ror uf dtt fiwury·Divisi« .•••.C},,,,.-lt Histon....v lH-pc_. livesin Purff(VS Firu Ward • .5<JllW, Cill'. JU.~MJ"I1~.\'. ~ fr~ ••..l.ut..·., •vrit ••r; it s«~ vi dw0"", UNh C~ SIuJ;~~.

THE ENSIGo'WAUGUST 1980 S1 -.-.,,:, ".

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