circular building in flanders
TRANSCRIPT
Circular building in FlandersDrive 0 kick-off event
Thursday 24 October 2019, Geleen
Prof. Griet Verbeeck, Faculty of Architecture & Arts
Content
▪ Introduction
▪ The case of Flanders
▪ Towards a real circular construction sector
Circular building within sustainable building
Energy efficient buildings
↓
LCA (life cycle assessment)
↓
Circular buildings
None of these approaches
is sustainable in itself
Circular building within a circular economy
Source: A framework for circular buildings – indicators for possible inclusion in BREEAM, 2018
materials
energy
water
biodiversity
value creation
health andwellbeing
society andculture
Initiatives for circular building in Flanders
Regional authority = OVAM: coordinator of Vlaanderen Circulair (Circular Flanders)
▪ Main focus = material flows and material-related aspects of building, combined with an economic drive
▪ Other aspects of circular thinking are of secondary focus
▪ Energy
▪ Health and wellbeing
▪ Water
▪ Biodiversity
▪ Social and cultural aspects
www.ovam.be
Initiatives for circular building in Flanders
▪ Vlaanderen Circulair http://vlaanderen-circulair.be
▪ Living Lab Circular Building: ▪ research project by VITO, WTCB, UHasselt, VUB on juridical, economic, … barriers for CE
▪ Green Deal Circular Building with > 300 stakeholders from constructionsector
▪ At least 1 CB pilot project
▪ Actively participate in learning network
▪ Share experiences with research team
▪ Embedding structurally principles of CE in own organisation
Green Deal signed by
Initiatives for circular building in Flanders
▪ Vlaanderen Circulair▪ ‘Do-ers’ in Flanders
▪ Open Calls for CE subsidy
http://vlaanderen-circulair.be/en/cases-in-flanders
(54 items for construction)
Frameworks for circular building on building level
Source: Waldo Galle, Design for change – towards a circular economy in construction, 2018
Current building practice
Frameworks for circular building on building level
Source: Waldo Galle, Design for change – towards a circular economy in construction, 2018
buildings:- redesign- rebuild- reuse
materials and products:- recover- redesign- reuse
components:- recover- redesign- reuse
Design for change
Frameworks for circular building on building level
Source: Waldo Galle, Design for change – towards a circular economy in construction, 2018
materials and products:- recover- redesign- reuse
Design for change
▪ Technological building materials
▪ Concrete, brick, glass, metals, plastics,…
▪ Materials from technological production processes
▪ Biological or bio-based building materials
▪ Wood, straw, flax, bamboo, earth, reed, grass, …
▪ Also new bio-based building materials
▪ To be harvested from nature and to be digested by nature
Up to now in (circular) building sector
▪ Dominance of technological building materials
▪ Underrepresentation of bio-based materials: are theonly materials with a real potential for regeneration in a reasonable time/space
Circular reuse of materials and products
Example for technological materials: ROTOR DC, Brussels
www.rotordc.com
Circular reuse of materials and products
Example for technological materials: ROTOR DC, Brussels
www.rotordc.com
Circular reuse of materials and products
Circular reuse of materials and products
Zero Pentathlon (AY 19-20):
architectural students UHasselt design a low impact dwellingrenovation based on reuse of materials
Source: María Gago, Burak Kayikce, Elif Yilmaz, Janne Pelgrims, Malinde Valee, Ignacio Pérez
Source: Pauline Borremans, Stien Coorevits, Marie Cornoedus, Laura Vascoconcelos
Example for biobased materials: Glimps Biodesign
https://glimps.bio/
Circular reuse of materials and products
Example for biobased materials: Glimps Biodesign
https://glimps.bio/
Circular reuse of materials and products
bacterial leather
mycelium
Source: https://www.instagram.com/glimpsbiodesign/
Example for biobased materials: open source BioFab Forum
https://biofabforum.org/
Circular reuse of materials and products
Circular reuse of materials and products
Seminar on circularity (AY 19-20):
architectural students UHasselt experiment withbioregenerative materials for an exhibition stand for Batibouw2020
mycelium
earth
Frameworks for circular building on building level
Source: Waldo Galle, Design for change – towards a circular economy in construction, 2018
components:- recover- redesign- reuse
Design for change
Circular reuse of components
Framework to evaluate design for change
Source: Vandenbroucke Mieke, Ontwerprichtlijnen demonteerbare gebouwelementen, 2016
Circular reuse of components
Seminar on circularity (AY 18-19):
architectural students UHasselttest and evaluate circular buildingsystems
Source: Vandenbroucke Mieke, Ontwerprichtlijnen demonteerbare gebouwelementen, 2016
Facadeclick-Construclick
Source: presentation students Facadeclick & Construclick, 2018
Clickbrick-Systimber
Source: presentation students Systimber & Clickbrick, 2018
Testing and evaluating circular building systems
Reversibility
= feasibility to disassemble components without damage
Source: Vandenbroucke Mieke, Ontwerprichtlijnen demonteerbare gebouwelementen, 2016
Testing and evaluating circular building systems
Reversibility
= feasibility to disassemble components without damage
Facadeclick-Construclick
Systimber-Clickbrick
Source: presentations students Systimber & Clickbrick and Facadeclick & Construclick, 2018
Testing and evaluating circular building systems
Suggestions for improvement of the systems
Source: Janssens B., Knapen E., Winkels P. & Verbeeck G. (2019) In-situ testing and improving of circular building systems for cavity walls, Conference SBE19, Graz
Three suggested improvements for systems 1 & 2 – composition A: a) a mounting lath for a circular connection with the foundation; b) a connecting block to fix the watertight slab between foundation and inner
wall; c) with c1 the existing cavity anchor, and c2 an alternative cavity anchor.
Frameworks for circular building on building level
Source: Waldo Galle, Design for change – towards a circular economy in construction, 2018
buildings:- redesign- rebuild- reuse
Design for change
Circular reuse of buildings
Focus on reuse of buildings:
▪ Not only from point of view of resource use
▪ Also from point of view of land use → higher spatial
efficiency and lower land use
▪ Policy plan Spatial Flanders 2020-2040 (White paper Ruimte Vlaanderen 2017)
▪ Concrete stop 2040: from 6ha/day extra land use now to0ha/day in 2040
▪ Spatial development principles:▪ Intertwining
▪ Intensifying
▪ Reuse
▪ Reversible spatial use (a.o. temporary spatial use)
Bron: Witboek Ruimte Vlaanderen, 2017
Circular reuse of buildings
▪ Initiatives for reuse of existing buildings:
▪ Miss Miyagi Placemaking: (http://missmiyagi.eu)▪ Project management for real estate projects developed for and by
the end users
▪ Real estate platform to bring together offer and demand for reuseand redestination of buildings
offer demand
Circular reuse of buildings
▪ Website www.tijdelijkgebruiken.be▪ 103 projects of temporary use of buildings and plots in Flanders
and beyond
▪ Reuse and redestination = only a first step!
▪ Redesign and refurbishment should also be in a circular way
cases
Critical successfactors
Charac-teristics
Role authorities
Intentions andambitions of participants andinitiative takers
Definition
Circular reuse of buildings
Seminar on circularity (AY 17-18):
architectural students UHasselt investigate circular renovationscenarios for their faculty building
evaluated with the RESOLVE framework
▪ Flemish University of Brussels (VUB):
▪ Circular Retrofit Lab, BAMB, Atelier Circulair,…
Some more examples of circular building initiatives
https://ateliercirculair.be
http://vub.be/arch/projects
▪ Blieberg A.C.E. Architects of a Circular Economy
▪ Antwerp Circular South for and with citizens
Some more examples of circular building initiatives
http://blieberg.eu
Content
▪ Introduction
▪ The case of Flanders
▪ Towards a real circular construction sector
Circular building in a broader framework
Some pressing questions to be answered:
▪ Mutual compatibility of materials and systems▪ Intellectual property rights vs open source developments
▪ Matching systems to each other
▪ Cfr. Fairphone
▪ Who will be the owner of the building materials?▪ Storage of materials and systems for reuse
▪ Who will be the owner of the buildings?▪ Can a building still serve as deposit for a loan?
▪ Can a building still be inherited?
▪ Cultural impact of circular buildings▪ Ever changing streetview?
▪ Will there still be historical buildings?
Bron: A resource efficient pathway towards a greenhouse gas neutral Germany, 2019
Link between raw material use and energy use
A lot of positivefeedback loops between material useand energy use
▪ To (re)use materials, energy is needed
▪ To produce (renewable) energy, raw materialsare needed
▪ CE leads to more efficient resource use, but higherefficiencies might lead to
▪ Rebound effect
▪ Jevon’s paradox
▪ Rebound effect:
▪ If a service of product becomes available more easily(cheaper, less environmental impact,…), we tend to usemore of it
▪ Jevon’s paradox:
▪ Technological progress that makes production more efficient, leads to higher consumption which nullifies theefficiency gain
▪ Point of attention: CE does not lead necessarilyto lower production and consumption
Scale of the economy
Bron: Korhonen et al, 2018 The concept and its limitations, Ecological Economics 143:37-46
▪ Buildings are material banks
▪ But at this moment the material stocks are onlyenlarging
Bron: SBE19 BAMB2020 Keynote Thomas Lützkendorf www.bamb2020.eu
Lock-in of resources
+▪ Very interesting developments
▪ You can still be a pioneer!
-▪ Not feasible within the current economic model
▪ Does not lead automatically to a real sustainablebuilt environment
→ Let’s look, think and collaborate with an open
and critical view, to make sure we end up in thedoughnut!
Conclusions for circular building
Circular reuse of buildings
Bron: OVAM 24 Ontwerprichtlijnen veranderingsgericht bouwen, 2016
componentsinterfaces composition
building
neighbourhood
reversibility demountability
reusability
extendability
changeablefunctions
reuse
dimensions
demountability
simplicity
evolution
spatial structure
polyvalent spaces
diversity
inclusion of function changes
reversibility
simplicity
speed
durability
manageability
compatibility
pace layering
independence
prefabrication
Bron: OVAM 24 Ontwerprichtlijnen veranderingsgericht bouwen, 2016
Demountability
Building consists of different layers(Shearing layers by S.Brand)
Each layer has a different lifespan
→ need for demountability
differs from layer to layer
Content
▪ Introduction
▪ Frameworks for circular building
▪ The case of Flanders
▪ Towards a real circular construction sector
▪ Circular building beyond energy and materials
▪ Some critical reflections
▪ Interesting links
Circular building in a broader framework
Bron: Kamp C 7 pijlers van circulair bouwen, 2018
Circulair bouwen binnen een ruimer kader
Circular
MATERIALS
Materials that are regenerative, reusable,
re- or upcyclable to keep them in the loop as long
as possible
Circular
WORKING
Offering workspace as a service. Open anddynamic office spacewith hightech support. Communication andconnection with othercollaborators andcompanies is key.
Circular
FINANCING
Forms of financing via totalcost of ownership, life cyclecost, investments paid back
by savings or merits over time, material deposits,
leasing forms
Circular
DESIGN
Design building elements in a way that
the building is dynamic, adaptable,
demountable andmodular and functionsas a temporary stock
of materials
Circular
DEVELOPMENTS
Subdivide a neighbourhood based on available material, waste,
energy,… flows so thatremainders or waste fromone can serve as resource
for others.
Circular
TENDERING
A package of openlyformulated ambitions with a
fixed budget to challenge themarket to make consortia and
to come up with innovativebuilding solutions
Circular
BUSINESS MODELS
Using products as services with the producer as the
owner, responsible formaintenance and take back
Bron: Kamp C 7 pijlers van circulair bouwen, 2018
Bron: Korhonen et al, 2018 The concept and its limitations, Ecological Economics 143:37-46
Critical reflections on CE
▪ Is 100% circular economy physically possible or are we trying to create a perpetuum mobile?
▪ 2nd law of thermodynamics: increase of entropy, i.e. every process leads to losses:
▪ Quantities
▪ Quality loss
▪ Emissions of harmful substances
▪ CE is linear, but with a (very) strong delay
▪ How big is the delay of depletion we can realize?
▪ Too often only the next loop is taken into account
Laws of thermodynamics
Bron: Korhonen et al, 2018 The concept and its limitations, Ecological Economics 143:37-46
▪ Within circular building very strong focus on:
▪ technological loop
▪ the building and its users
▪ Possibilities for regenerative solutions?
▪ Contributions to biodiversity
▪ Positive impact buildings https://dakdokters.nl/
▪ Nature exploration 2050: 4 scenario’s for 2050, each from a different view on nature and society
Attention for real regeneration
Bron: https://www.natuurrapport.be/natuurverkenning-2050/