circular economy and material efficiency - principles t ... · • the circular economy, and in...
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Solange Blaszkowski Chair of ACEAJens GiegerichACEA TF lead
IEC WEBINAR14 February 2020
Circular Economy and Material Efficiency -
Principles, Terminology and their influence on
IEC Standards
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About ACEA The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency The international standardization perspective Terminology Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example− Circular ready design example
Q&A Session
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• Adjust audio settings− Attendees will be muted
the whole session− Raise Hand function will
not be used
• Submit questions during the Q&A session
Solange Blaszkowski Jens Giegerich
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• Advisory Committee on Environmental Aspects• ACEA advises the SMB (Strategic Management
Board) on environmental matters • ACEA helps to ensure that IEC standards developers take environmental
protection concerns into account in their standards• ACEA provides a forum for the discussion of aspects and issues related
to environment amongst IEC committees (TCs, SCs and SyCs)• ACEA writes Guides (not standards, which is the role of IEC committees• ACEA confers a horizontal function for environmental aspects to
committees in accordance with IEC Guide 108
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NEW
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About ACEA
The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency The international standardization perspective Terminology Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example− Circular ready design example
Q&A Session
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~50 million tonnese-waste in 2018
>75 % Earth’s surface shows signs of degradation
8[SOURCE: Towards a circular economy: business rationale for an accelerated transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015]
Regenerating natural systems
Design out waste and pollution
Keep products & materials in use
PRINCIPLES:
… a systemic approach to the design of processes, products (incl. services) and business models, enabling sustainable economic growth by managing resources effectively as a result of making the flow of materials more circular and reducing and ultimately eliminating waste
Reaching sustainable economic
growthwhile
retaining value in a circular
economy
Twelve SDGs dependent on management of (natural) resources
Circularity is a way to achieve responsible consumption & production and other SDGs dependent upon natural resources
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Take-back mechanisms to return products and materials
to use. Reutilization includes products and parts reuse,
refurbishment, remanufacture, and materials recycling
Improved material use and circulation: products designed to last and to facilitate repair,
reuse, upgrade, refurbish, and remanufacture; easy EoL
disassembly; use of standardized parts
Full Circular Economy implementation requires market mechanisms to be supported by policy-makers, educational institutions and public opinion
The shift from linearto Circular Economy requires new or revised innovative business models to replace existing ones
ENABLERS & FAVOURABLE SYSTEM CONDITIONS
CIRCULAR DESIGN AND
PRODUCTION
CLOSING MATERIAL
CYCLES
NEW BUSINESS MODELS
CIRCULAR ECONOMY BUILDING BLOCKS
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Circular Economy has broad scope involving social and economic aspects, but also regeneration of natural systems, which are not in the scope of the IEC
Resource Efficiency expresses how (natural) resources can be used to deliver sustainable development while minimising the environment impacts.
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Material Efficiency expresses how efficiently materials are applied to deliver a function and the extent to which they are kept in use For many years, the focus of, e.g. legislators, has been the improved Energy usage (Energy Efficiency) of EE products
With the increased demand on the use of materials, and the imminent scarcity of (natural) resources, legislators extended their focus to the material usage and its preservation
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Recycle
Reuse / Repair / Upgrade
Design products to last longer
Consume less (natural) resources
Refurbish / Remanufacture
Recover (e.g. energy)
Dispose
Use phases
Waste phases
PROMOTE
AVOID
Longer product life using less
(raw) materials
Lifetime extension of products and
parts
Useful purpose for materials at EoL
Landfill
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CIRCULAR READY BY DESIGN
Mat
eria
land
part
s sel
ectio
n(u
sele
ssm
ater
ials
and
give
pref
eren
cefo
ruse
dpa
rts
and
recy
cled
cont
ent)
Dem
ater
ializ
atio
n
Prod
ucts
desig
ned
tola
st
Desig
n fo
r life
ext
ensio
n
LIFE EXTENSIONSTRATEGIES
END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT
Use
alre
ady
used
part
s -
in
new,
repa
ired,
r efu
rbish
edor
rem
anuf
actu
red
prod
ucts
Mat
eria
lsre
cycl
ing
Prod
uct t
ake-
back
Ha
rves
tuse
dpa
rts
Reus
epr
oduc
tsan
dpa
rts
from
the
was
te st
ream
Desig
n fo
rend
-of-l
ife (i
ncl.
desig
n fo
rdisa
ssem
bly)
Reuse products
Repair
Upgrade
Repurpose
Refurbish
Remanufacture
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• Use less materials and refrain from using raw materials unless you have to; give preference to use already used components and recycled materials
• Extend or give a second (or third) life to your product; make it easy to repair and upgrade
• Facilitate repeated use of products by different users
• Design for end-of-life
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Material Efficiency
Material Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Environment
Safety
EMC
Performance
Hazardous and/or regulated materials
SW/FW and Data deletion management
Legislation will require increased recycled content
New ways for guaranteeing compliance, safety and performance?
LIKELY TREND POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCE
Products will be required to last longer
What are the implications for safety, performance, reliability, SW update?
Legislation will demand more and easier product repair
Minimum requirements for parts reliability? Are tests needed/available for repaired products?
Products will be required to be reused (multiple users)
Data removal and security must be guaranteed
Legislation will require increased reuse of used parts
In the future, “new” products will contain used parts
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About ACEA The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
The international standardization perspective Terminology Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example− Circular ready design example
Q&A Session
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• A number of international standards, needed to prevent or reduce technical barriers to trade, are under preparation by IEC and ISO
• In Europe, Material Efficiency requirements are being included in the Ecodesign Laws and, with it, the number of requests for thedevelopment of Material Efficiency standards for productsincrease
• Some countries are already forging ahead with the creation of policies and standards to support the Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
IEC/TC AREA Documents / Topics
TC 111Environmental standardization for EE products
• EoL information / recyclability rate calculation [IEC TR 62635]• Material Efficiency considerations in ECD [IEC TR 62824]• Material circularity considerations in ECD (under preparation)
TC 56 Dependability Dependability of products containing reused parts [IEC 62309:2004]; Stds covering other aspects like reliability
TC 61 Safety householdappliances
WG 49 created to clarify CE and ME terminology, study and consider basic concepts ensuring safety
TC 62 e-Equipment in medical practice
• Good refurbishment practices for medical imaging equipment [IEC 63077]
• Refurbishment of medical electrical equipment, systems and sub-assemblies [IEC 63120]
TC 2 Rotating machinery
MT 13 focus on refurbishment
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PRO
DU
CT
HO
RIZ
ON
TAL
ISO/TC AREA Documents / Topics
TC 207ENV Mgmt
TC 207/SC1 Environmental management systems EMS — Guidelines for incorporating material circulation in design & development [ISO/DIS 14009]
TC 323Circular Economy
AHG1: Proposal for WG ‘CE – Framework, principles, terminology, & MS standards’ (ballot)
ISO/PWI 99004 Circular economy — Framework and principles for implementation (ballot open)
AHG2: Proposal for WG ‘Guidance for implementation and sectoral applicat. (ballot)
ISO/PWI 99010 Circular economy — Guidelines on business models and value chains (ballot open)
AHG3: Proposal for WG ‘CE – Measuring circularity’ (ballot)
ISO/PWI 99020 Circular economy — Measuring circularity framework (ballot open)
AHG4: Specific issues on circular economy NWIP TR Performance-based approach for CE (functionality, product service system, etc.) (prepar.)
TC 61Plastics
TC 61/SC14 Environmental aspects(topics of relevance for circular economy)
• Recovery & recycling of plastics waste [ISO 15270]• Standards covering topics such as biodegradabilty,
compostability, biobased plastics 21
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CEN-CLC (JTC10) created to develop:
• Assessment method stds• Dual logo, generic or
horizontal • To be used as start
to develop product stds• Cover ErP
ETSI focus on Circular Economy for ICT
DOC. NR. Methods to assess Material Efficiency aspects: Status
TR 45550 Material Efficiency terminology DTR
EN 45552 Method to assess durability Appr
EN 45553 Method to assess remanufacturability FV2
EN 45554 Method to assess ability to repair, reuse, upgrade Appr
EN 45555 Method to assess recyclability and recoverability Pub
EN 45556 Method to assess proportion of reused components Pub
EN 45557 Method to assess proportion of recycled content Appr
EN 45558 Declaration of use of CRMs Pub
EN 45559 Communication of Material Efficiency aspects Pub
ETSI TR 103 476 CE in ICT; Definitions, concepts and metrics Pub
Offered to IEC under Frankfurt Agreement
SDO AREA STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENTSCLCTC 59X
Household appliances
WG 23 created to prepare Material Efficiency standards (covering e.g. reparability) of washing machines, dish washers and tumble dryers
CLC TC 100X
Audio, video and multimedia
Standardization request to follow new ecodesign legislation for Electronic Displays covering Material Efficiency (design for repair, reuse, dismantling and recycling, etc.)
CEN TC 109
Gas heatingappliances
WG will be created intended to develop standards related to Material Efficiency requirements for gas heating appliances; Std request for boilers underpreparation
ETSI TC-EE Servers and data storage
Standardization request covering Material Efficiency is under preparation (e.g. firmware update, data deletion, repair and upgrade, disassembly, and CRMs). Mandate makes links to horizontal CEN-CLC JTC10 standards (EN45554, EN45558 and EN45559)
CEN / CLC VariousNew standardization requests covering Material Efficiency are under preparation for construction products, commercial refrigerants, machinery, medical devices, etc.
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• The Circular Economy, and in particular Material Efficiency, will influence otherdisciplines like Safety, Energy Efficiency, Performance, EMC, etc.
• It is important to ensure that the protection of the environment does not result in a detrimental effect to other aspects (safety, EMC, etc.). A holistic approach is needed!
• Increased focus on e-waste management and product lifetime extension will push manufacturers to change the way they drive their businesses today: − business models like sharing and lease will likely drive products to be developed to last
much longer than they do today− multiple reuse and repair, reuse of components and increased recycled content will
become commom practice in the future; IEC standards need to be prepared for it
• Limited supply and scarcity of materials are expected to drive the need for development of new technologies
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About ACEA The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency The international standardization perspective
Terminology Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example− Circular ready design example
Q&A Session
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• Today there is no complete or accurate overview of definitions of terms associated to Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
• The existing definitions are often created based on different contexts, often conflicting with each other and there is, often, no common understanding of the same or similar terms
• Example: “reuse”
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1. process by which a product or its parts, having reached the end of their first use, are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived [EN 45554:2020]
2. activity of recovering components and materials for further use without reprocessing [ISO 21070:2017]
3. any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used again for the same purpose for which they were conceived [Dir. 2008/98/EC]
4. use of a product more than once in its original form [ISO 15270:2008]5. use of a pre-existing artifact [ISO/IEC 19501:2005]6. use of a part which has served as constituent of a product, after
disassembling, as constituent of another product [IEC 62309:2004]
Term Related terms or concepts Available source
reuse product / part reusereusabilityrepurposeprepare for reuse (waste)
EN 45554, ISO 21070, IEC 62309
remanufac-ture
repurposeremanufacturabilityreprocessing
EN 45553, ISO 16714
durability reliabilitydependability
EN 45552; IEV 192-01-21; IEC 62308; IEC 62309Product specific: ISO 28842, ISO 19867, ISO 11108
maintenance preventive maintenancecorrective maintenance
EN 45552; IEV 192-01-28Product specific: ISO 22716, ISO 16204, ISO 21225
repair repairabilityupgrade / upgrading
EN 45554; Product specific: ISO 16204; IEC 62353:2014, IEC 60601-1 Ed3 AMD 1
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Lead term Related terms or concepts Available source
refurbish refurbishingrefurbishmentreconditioning
Product specific: IEC 63077
recycling recyclabilityrecyclability raterecover(y)recoverabilityrecycled (material) contentwaste
EN 45555; EN 45557; IEV 901-07-10; IEC TR 62635;Product specific: ISO 22967, ISO/IWA 19
circular economy
circularity BSI 8001, Ellen MacArthur Foundation;ISO (DIS) 14009:2020
resource efficiency
material efficiencyenergy efficiency
IEC TR 62824; ISO (DIS) 14009:2020 IEC Guide 118, IEC Guide 119
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• Today there is a lack of harmonized terminology• It has been proposed to develop a new IEV part on
Circular Economy (with focus on Material Efficiency)• TC 1 (Terminology) will circulate a DC proposing to set up
a Joint Working Group• If you are not a member of TC 1 but are able to provide
expertise for this proposed JWG, please send an email to the TC 1 secretariat and to <[email protected]>
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About ACEA The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency The international standardization perspective Terminology
Material Efficiency in practice:− Healthcare refurbishing example− Circular ready design example
Q&A Session
50%-90%of materials saved
20 yearsof refurbishing andmarket acceptance
2 IEC Healthcare Refurbishment stds
CHALLENGEsTake-back & import bans32
1 ton of plastics and metals reused (CT )
Circular Revenues identified:
By use of software and Services offerings
Hardware (re-)use
Targets and KPIs driving the business towards Circular
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In line with Philips’ 2020 ambition
Targets/KPIs were defined for different businesses:• On Circular Revenue level• On product level (Circular Projects
and Circular Ready Requirements)
Software revenue Service revenue Hardware revenueOptimizing resource useSoftware optimizing resource use
Analogue to digitalDigitization enabling use of generic HW
Performance and access Performance and Access based models
UpgradesUpgrades / life time extension on-site or remote
Commercial returns Re-use of commercial returns
RefurbishingRefurbished, Remanufactured products/systems
Parts harvesting Refurbished, Remanufact. parts
Recycled contentProducts with recycled content
Philips defined 8 circular revenue categories
*RAPID stands for Returns, Analysis, Parts recovery, Improvement and Data collection; ** Compared to total plastics content
Lumify is a flexible subscription service providing access to transducers, app and online ecosystem. The subscription service reduces upfront costs to help clinicians improve patient care
The Diamond Select program offers refurbished healthcare systems where customers can benefit from state-of-the-art technology at a more affordable price
RAPID* program reuses 50-70% parts / materials from returned X-ray tubes
Performer Ultimate vacuum cleaner contains 36% recycled plastics**
Philips SmartPathis an economical way to enhance existing Philips systems to current technology or increased capacities. Key components are upgraded so that the system is like new
Performance Bridge is a flexible suite of services that provides analytics enabling efficiency in use of resource-intensive hardware devices
Digital ECG sensors that remove the need for dedicated monitor hardware
Every year, 1 million products are returned from dealers or consumers - Personal Health has developed capabilities to resell and refurbish (if needed) these returns, aiming to combine sustainability and consumer experience
Circular Revenue• Circular Economy
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Circular ready requirements
1. Easy to clean, sterilize & restore aesthetic state
2. Secure and private exchange
3. Easy to assess and track performance
Packaging only
4. Easy to disassemble, repair and re-assemble
5. Modular design for forward and backward compatibility6. Standard, durableelement selection
7. Sustainable material selection8. Easy to dismantle back into pure materials
Circular ready requirements
Critical Some impact Minor impact
Optimizing resource use
From analogue to digital
Performance and access
Upgrades Commercial returns
Refurbishing Parts harvesting Recycled content
Circular software Circular service Circular hardware
Circular Economy ready business requirements• Circular Economy
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X
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About ACEA The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency The international standardization perspective Terminology Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example− Circular ready design example
Q&A Session
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Please write down in the Q&A feature questions you still have
The questions (incl. answers) together with the webinar will be available on the IEC academy page: www.iec.ch/academy/
Solange Blaszkowski Chair of ACEAJens GiegerichACEA TF lead
IEC WEBINAR14 February 2020
Remaining questions may be sent offline to [email protected]
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Ms. Solange Blaszkowski holds a B.Sc. in Chemistry from UFPR, Brazil, a M.Sc. in Physical Chemistry from the UFRJ, Brazil. In 1997 she received her Ph.D. in Catalysis from the TUe, in The Netherlands. After working for few different companies, in 2000, she joined Philips in the Netherlands, holding positions in public-private partnerships, sustainability and product safety & compliance, respectively, at Philips Research, Consumer Lifestyle, and Lighting. In 2015 she joined Philips Intellectual Property & Standards to take up her current position as Director Standardization Environment. In the field of standardization, Ms. Solange Blaszkowski holds the following chair and membership:• At NATIONAL level (Dutch NC), Ms. Blaszkowski is chair of the mirror committee for IEC/TC 111 and CLC/TC 111X and
for CEN-CLC JTC10. She is also member of the mirror committees for ISO TC 207 and ISO TC 323.• At EUROPEAN level, she is member of CLC TC 111X on Environment, the Joint CEN-CLC ECO-CG (Ecodesign
Coordination Group) and CEN-CLC JTC 10 on Materials Efficiency. She is also the convener of CEN-CLC JTC 10 / WG 6, on communication of critical raw materials and material efficiency.
• At INTERNATIONAL level, Ms. Blaszkowski is the chair of IEC ACEA and she is member of various IEC TC 111 groups. She is also member of ISO TC 207 on Environmental Management and ISO TC 323 on Circular Economy.
Ms. Blaszkowski holds few awards, namely the IEC 1906 Award (2018) and two Philips internal awards (individual award from Philips IP&S in 2016 and a group award from Philips Lighting Quality and Customer Satisfaction, 2015).
Mr. Jens Giegerich holds a B.Sc. and M.Sc, in Chemistry from JMU, Germany. In 2015 he received his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from the JMU in Wuerzburg, Germany. He joined the German Machinery Association and worked primarily in safety and performance standardization. In 2016 he joined Vorwerk, holding the position of Manager Technical Regulatory Affairs.In the field of standardization, Mr. Jens Giegerich holds the following chair and membership:• At NATIONAL level (German NC), Mr. Jens Giegerich is a member of the mirror committee for IEC/TC 111, CLC/TC
111X, CEN-CLC JTC10 and ISO TC 323. He is also a member of few other non-environmental mirror committees.• At EUROPEAN level, he is member of CEN-CLC JTC 10 on material efficiency. He is also the convenor of CEN-CLC JTC 10
/ WG 2, on durability, and CEN-CLC JTC 10 / WG 5 on recyclability and recycled content. In addition he is convenor of CLC TC 59X / WG 23 on material efficiency under the umbrella of TC 59X on performance of household appliances.
• At INTERNATIONAL level, Mr. Jens Giegerich is member of ACEA and leader of the TF Credibility. He is a member of IEC TC 61 WG 49 circular economy and material efficiency and TC 59.
Mr. Jens Giegerich holds the young professional award of DIN (2019).
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• INFORMATION: Circular Economy and Material Efficiency− Various publications in IEC e-tech magazine and SMB newsletter. − Latest published: e-tech, Issue 1, 2020 “Giving a new shape to the economy -
Industry perspective on the circular economy”
• GUIDE REVISION: IEC Guide 109:2012 − Will include aspects on Circular Economy and Material Efficiency− Will include requirements on ENV horizontal function (acc. IEC Guide 108)
• NEW GUIDES UNDER DEVELOPMENT:− Ensuring credibility of environmentally relevant provisions− Harmonization of halogen content terminology
• More about ACEA at <www.iec.ch/acea>