circulation of scientific talent and communication with diasporas circulation of scientific talent...
TRANSCRIPT
““Circulation of Scientific Talent and Circulation of Scientific Talent and Communication with Diasporas”Communication with Diasporas”
EREF Istanbul Workshop on Knowledge Transfer for Development
May 12, 2010Istanbul, Turkey
Prof Đuro KUTLAČA, PhD"Mihajlo Pupin" Institute
Science and Technology Policy Research Centre11000 Belgrade, Volgina 15, Serbia; [email protected]
and Associated ProfessorFaculty of Information Technology
Tadeuša Košćuška 63, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSkype: djuro.kutlaca
Research presented in this paper was supported by the EU-FP7 project: “WBC-INCO.NET – Western Balkan Countries International Cooperation Net” funded by the European Commission, FP7 Capacities Programme, January 2008-December 2010
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““How to Gain from Brain-How to Gain from Brain-drain:drain:
Country's Experiences – Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Serbian Academicians in
Diaspora”Diaspora”
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Content:
1. Transition of S&T systems in CEE/SEE countries
2. S&T System in Serbia
3. Brain Drain
4. How to Gain from Brain Drain
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1.
Transition of S&T systems in CEE countries
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Western System Basic Research Cluster
Govt. Sector
Academic Sector
Corporate Applied Sector Research Cluster
Soviet System
Government
Academy of Sciences
Presidium
Res. Dept.
Institutes
Industrial Branch Depts.
Enterprises
Independent R&D Inst.
Dept. of Higher Ed.
Universities
Academic Dept.
R&D systems:R&D systems:
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T r a n s i t i o n S y s t e m
G o v e r n m e n t
B a s i c R e s e a r c h A p p l i e d C l u s t e r R e s e a r c h C l u s t e r
R e s e a r c h e r s m o v e o u t o f u n i v e r s i t i e s
S o m e s c i e n t i s t s l e a v e
N e w C o r p o r a t e S e c t o r s y s t e m a l t o g e t h e r
A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s
S l i m m e d d o w n i n s t i t u t e s
D e p t . o f I n d u s t r y a n d P r i v a t i z a t i o n
S t a t e E n t e r p r i s e s
R & D D e p t s .
D e p t . o f H i g h e r E d u c a t i o n
U n i v e r s i t i e s
A c a d e m i c D e p t s .
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Phase I:
Fragmentation
Phase II:
Restructuring
Phase III:
New Integration
group II countries
group I countries
Dissolution and fragmentation of old
S&T system
Reorientation and consolidation of fragments of S&T system; emergence of new actors, institutions and activities
The building of a qualitatively and
quantitatively new innovation system
group III countries
Figure 4: Phases in the process of institutional transformation of S&T subsystems
Source: Meske, 1998.Source: Meske, 1998.
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Slovakia
Hungary
Passive restructuring
Active restructuring
“Shock” “Gradualism”
East Germany
Slovenia Poland
Czech R.
Estonia
Latvia
Moldova
Bulgaria
Romania
Lithuania
Belarus
Ukraine Russia
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“To date, restructuring in CEE countries has led to a more autonomous and competitive science base, but it has not yet but it has not yet produced a science system which is produced a science system which is relevant to its changed economic and relevant to its changed economic and technological structuretechnological structure. Hence there remains a large gap between the region’s level of potential in labor skills and R&D, and the current low levels of growth and recovery” [Radosevic, Slavo, “Science, Technology and Growth: Issues for Central and Eastern Europe”, Summary of the project: “Restructuring and Reintegration of Science and Technology Systems in Economies in Transition”, funded by DGXII of the EC under TSER Programme, 1996-98, SPRU, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, 1999].
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Main changes in R&D systems in SEE countries during transition period is evaluated in literature as:
“… the Western Balkans, Romania and Bulgaria are characterized by national innovation systems:
• that are undergoing radical institutional and structural changes,
• a research and technology infrastructure that is largely obsolete,
• a disproportionately large amount of basic research combined with poor financial remuneration,
• a large deficit of industrial demand for applied research combined with very low business expenditure on R&D,
• an often relatively aged human potential in R&D that is confronted with the negative effects of the internal and external brain drain,
• and suboptimal integration into European research and technology projects" [GFF, 2006, “Research and Development in South East Europe”, Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Forschung (ed), Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag GmbH, ISBN 3-7083-0377-6, Wien – Graz 2006].
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Table:Table:
Researchers in selected CEE countries in 1990 Researchers in selected CEE countries in 1990 and 2003 and 2007 [OECD-MSTI, Eurostat]and 2003 and 2007 [OECD-MSTI, Eurostat]
Country Researchers 1990
Researchers 2003
Researchers 2007
Change: 2003/1990 (%)
Change: 2007/1990 (%)
Czech Republic 63231 15809 27878 25% 44% Hungary 17550 15180 17391 86% 99% Poland 41440 56725 61395 137% 148% Slovak Republic 15550 9626 12354 62% 79% Romania 38612 20286 18808 53% 49% Russian Federation 992571 487477 469076 49% 47% Slovenia 4664 4642 6450 100% 138% Croatia 5540 5861 11109 106% 201% Macedonia 1138 2589 2102 228% 185% Montenegro 349 265 300.3 76% 86% Serbia 7742 5364 8806.1 69% 114%
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Table:Table:
Researchers industry in selected CEE countries in Researchers industry in selected CEE countries in 1999 and 2003 and 2007 [OECD-MSTI, Eurostat]1999 and 2003 and 2007 [OECD-MSTI, Eurostat]
Country
Researchers in industry 1990
Researchers in industry 2003
Researchers in industry 2007
Change in industry: 2003/1990 (%)
Change in industry: 2007/1990 (%)
Czech Republic 26417 6558 12497 25% 47% Hungary 7629 4482 6986 59% 92% Poland 10629 4686 9848 44% 93% Slovak Republic 6984 1914 1599 27% 23% Romania 27375 10673 7754 39% 28% Russian Federation 814000 275333 237408 34% 29% Slovenia 1923 1620 2637 84% 137% Croatia 474 913 881 193% 186% Macedonia 491 67 23 14% 5% Montenegro 74 8 33 11% 45% Serbia 678 370 108.1 55% 16%
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Main S&T indicators – key figures, year 2007 Main S&T indicators – key figures, year 2007 [OECD-MSTI][OECD-MSTI]
GERD – 2007 million current PPP$
% financed by Industry
% financed by Government
Czech Republic 3813.8 54.0 40.9 Hungary 1822.9 43.9 49.4 Poland 3482.3 34.3 57.7 Slovak Republic 497.9 35.6 57.0 Romania 1433.9 26.9 53.5 Russian Federation 23482 29.4 61.9 Slovenia 828.3 60.3 27.2 United States 368799 66.4 29.3 EU-27 262986 55.0 35.7 Total OECD 886347.1 64.5 30.2 Serbia n.a. 2.6 41.3
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Financial environment; Taxation and incentives;
Propensity to innovation and entrepreneurship;
Mobility
Infrastructure
Standards and norms
IPR and
information
Banking, venture capital
Innovation and business
support
Demand
Consumers (final demand)
Producers (intermediate demand)
Industrial system
Large companies
Mature SMEs
New technology
based firms
Education and Research system
Professional education and training
Higher education and
research
Public sector research
Political system
Government
Governance
RTD policies
Intermediaries
Research institutes
Brokers The potential reach of public policies
National National System of System of
InnovationInnovationConcept of Technopolis
2000 modified and extended by S.Kuhlmann
[EC,2003a]
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2.
S&T System in Serbia
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1.841.86
2.361.82
2.443.48
2.130.61
1.781.25
1.102.51
1.510.81
1.122.93
3.860.66
1.73
2.673.20
1.331.07
0.464.51
2.30.92
2.45
1.420.51
0.940.57
0.940.57
0.760.40
0.610.50
0.39
1.221.22
0.240.43
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
EU-27Euro zone
AustriaBelgium
DenmarkFinlandFranceGreece
NetherlandsIreland
ItalyGermany
NorwayPortugal
SpainSwitzerland
SwedenTurkey
UK
USAJapanChina
RussiaArgentina
IsraelSingapore
SARChinese Taipei
Czech R.SlovakiaHungary
PolandEstonia
LatviaLithuania
CyprusMalta
BulgariaRomania
SloveniaCroatia
FYR of MacedoniaSerbia
GERD, 2005
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1,217.5834.0
28.232.0
28.239.6
200.117.0
37.311.2
72.0268.1
21.921.0
109.825.4
54.024.0
179.4
1387.9675.3
1118.7464.6
31.90
23.817.3
88.9
24.210.9
15.962.2
3.33.3
7.60.6
0.410.1
21.3
3.87.1
1.48.6
0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0
EU-27Euro zone
AustriaBelgium
DenmarkFinlandFranceGreece
NetherlandsIreland
ItalyGermany
NorwayPortugal
SpainSwitzerland
SwedenTurkey
UK
USAJapanChina
RussiaArgentina
IsraelSingapore
SARChinese Taipei
Czech R.SlovakiaHungary
PolandEstonia
LatviaLithuania
CyprusMalta
BulgariaRomania
SloveniaCroatia
FYR of MacedoniaSerbia
Researchers – FTE, 2005
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22,389.0725,576.50
29,894.5228,907.74
38,486.7530,012.16
27,478.5717,920.55
31,214.2039,301.78
24,341.2627,206.99
52,739.0314,136.96
21,108.0740,386.82
31,926.954,056.74
30,046.44
33,653.9928,671.50
1,379.354,282.35
3,800.3315,222.32
22,571.314,153.86
12,578.20
9,815.467,146.07
8,805.496,402.82
8,318.755,641.706,035.40
18,232.4611,754.60
2,819.503,672.98
14,143.047,034.39
2,297.082,742.66
0.0 10000.0 20000.0 30000.0 40000.0 50000.0 60000.0
EU-27Euro zone
AustriaBelgium
DenmarkFinlandFranceGreece
NetherlandsIreland
ItalyGermany
NorwayPortugal
SpainSwitzerland
SwedenTurkey
UK
USAJapanChina
RussiaArgentina
IsraelSingapore
SARChinese Taipei
Czech R.SlovakiaHungary
PolandEstonia
LatviaLithuania
CyprusMalta
BulgariaRomania
SloveniaCroatia
FYR of MacedoniaSerbia
GDP pc, 2005
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411.96475.72
705.51526.12
939.081,044.42
585.29109.32
555.61491.27
267.75682.90
796.36114.51
236.411,183.33
1,232.3826.77
519.80
898.56917.49
18.3845.71
17.51686.73
518.7538.14
308.54
139.3836.44
82.7736.50
78.2032.16
45.8772.9371.70
14.1014.32
172.5585.82
5.5111.83
0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.0 1200.0 1400.0
EU-27Euro zone
AustriaBelgium
DenmarkFinlandFranceGreece
NetherlandsIreland
ItalyGermany
NorwayPortugal
SpainSwitzerland
SwedenTurkey
UK
USAJapanChina
RussiaArgentina
IsraelSingapore
SARChinese Taipei
Czech R.SlovakiaHungary
PolandEstonia
LatviaLithuania
CyprusMalta
BulgariaRomania
SloveniaCroatia
FYR of MacedoniaSerbia
GERD pc, 2005
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24.8026.49
34.3730.59
52.0975.59
32.0015.36
22.8627.14
12.3232.50
47.4419.95
25.5034.25
59.973.35
29.87
46.7352.85
8.5632.38
8.22
55.773.69
39.02
23.6520.28
15.7216.28
24.7214.23
22.308.41
10.9812.95
9.81
19.1916.07
7.0511.55
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0
EU-27Euro zone
AustriaBelgium
DenmarkFinlandFranceGreece
NetherlandsIreland
ItalyGermany
NorwayPortugal
SpainSwitzerland
SwedenTurkey
UK
USAJapanChina
RussiaArgentina
IsraelSingapore
SARChinese Taipei
Czech R.SlovakiaHungary
PolandEstonia
LatviaLithuania
CyprusMalta
BulgariaRomania
SloveniaCroatia
FYR of MacedoniaSerbia
Researchers-FTE per 10000 pop, 2005
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIA
Figure: Structure of
Science, Technology and
Innovation system in Serbia
Source: Based on ENIP-PRIME NETWORK model of STI system [Kuhlman,
2003; PRIME, 2003]
Private sector- R&D Performers:
Most of r&D activities in private sector features in Software industry!
Small and Medium Enterprises
Multinational Companies
7 Private Universities: 45 + private faculties,
Research performers
7 National Universities: 78+ Faculties
Academy of Sciences: 10 Institutes
Scientific Institutes: 28 + 1 Centre of excellence
R&D Institutes: 30 + 65 Innovation Centres + 5 Supporting organizations R&D Infrastr-
ucture: - INTERNET
(Academic Network)
- Gene Bank - Accelerator - S&T Libraries - Kobson
Intermediary Organisations and funding agencies
Technological Incubators
Innovation Centres
Technological Parks
Agencies for SME’s and
Entrepreneurs
IT and Internet Agency
Chambers of Commerce
Foreign Agencies for support of Technological and Economical
Development: EAR, USAID, GTZ, CIDA …
Office for Standardization
Office for Intellectual Property Rights
Office for Measurements and
Precious Metals
Quality certification agencies
Administra-tive bodies
Ministry of Science and
Technological Development
Govern-ment
Political Authorities
Houses of Parlia-ment
Committee for S&T develop-
ment
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIASerbia - R&D system
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
4000019
80
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
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2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Num
ber
of r
esea
rche
rs
Number of researchers Number of researchers - FTETotal number of employees
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIASerbia - R&D system: Employees, Researchers
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007
Year
Em
ploy
ees
- sh
are
(%)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Res
earc
hers
Employees-total-RDU Employees-total-RDI Employees-total-HEO
Researchers-RDI Researchers-RDU Researchers-HEO
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIA
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Shar
e (%
)
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Employees in R&D system in Serbia
Researchers Supporting staff - UG Supporting staff - others Administration Others
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIASerbia: Income from R&D activities-Share in total (%)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.0019
80
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1989
1991
1992
1992
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Shar
e (%
)
RDI: Income from R&D activities RDU: Income from R&D activities
HEO: Income from R&D activities All RD organizations - Income from R&D work
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIASerbia: GERD, BERD, HERD, GOVERD / GDP
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.20019
97
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
(%)
GERD / GDP (%) BERD / GDP ($) HERD / GDP (%) GOVERD / GDP (%)
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3.
Brain Drain
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIA
BRAIN-DRAIN from SERBIA – MSTD data-est.:• 1991 – 2000: 30.000 graduated left country;
• 2000 – 2010: 2.000 graduated left country.
Most of them are professionals from ICT and natural sciences.
[300.000 USD – cost for education of university degree professional
* 30.000
= 9 billion USD – loss caused by Brain-Drain]
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIA
BRAIN-DRAIN from SERBIA – MSTD data-est.: Canada - 18.51% USA - 10.72% Australia - 4.5% New Zealand - 7.4%.
Push factors for BD – scientists: low standard of living (24.8%) the uncertainty for the future (18.7%) as well as the housing problem.
Push factors for BD – students: the low living standards (29.9%), the uncertainty for the future (19.4%), and the impossibility to fulfill one’s own conceptions (10%), economic instability (5.8%)
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S&T&I SYSTEM IN SERBIA
Factors causing BD – scientists: high earnings (21.24%) and much better material and technical conditions for scientific
work.
Push factors for BD – students: high earnings (21.24%) and much better material and technical conditions for scientific
work high level of scientific research (14.1%), which cannot be
achieved in Serbia under existing conditions
The strongest reasons keeping scientists and students in Serbia is their preference to work in their own country, expectations that the situation will improve, fear of the uncertainty awaiting them in other countries, etc.
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Case – “Mihajlo Pupin” InstituteCase – “Mihajlo Pupin” Institute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Num
ber
of u
nive
rsit
y gr
adua
tes
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Mihajlo Pupin Institute - Brain Drain
PhD MSc BSC
1990 - 2009:
621
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Case – “Mihajlo Pupin” InstituteCase – “Mihajlo Pupin” Institute
Mihajlo Pupin Institute - Brain Drain
13
0 2
8 9 1011
171414
26
33
46
73
41
3329
3439
28
434138
30
1917
25
1311
20
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f u
niv
ersi
ty g
rad
uat
es
1980 - 1989: 981990 - 2006: 621
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3.
How to Gain from Brain Drain
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
Hard policies:• bigger salaries than in country of
emigration (China) (+)
• special kind of taxations or national service or repayment of scholarships in order to get approval for emigration (-).
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
Soft policies:- use of “positive” aspects of BD (Taiwan, South Korea, Ireland) –
cooperation with academic Diaspora- soft networking with expatriated experts: creation of
“Knowledge Networks” – networks of expatriated experts in some fields of Science and Technology. Networks could be created spontaneously, ex-patriots could be self-organizing or grouped on initiative from home country, usually members could be emigrants from other countries; - Example: “Caldas network” gathered almost 10% of emigrants
who are not from Columbia - First contacts as well as most of engagements in home country
resulted from personal relationships and friendship, rather than from official government effort;
- Government could ask “Knowledge Networks” for expertise and benefit in economic, political etc. sense: exchange of information, knowledge, and working jointly in specific projects.
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
Soft policies:WUS Austria – International support for
cooperation with expatriated experts – example: http://www.braingainprogram.org/ Within the Brain Gain Program plus (BGP+)
faculties/universities from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosova/o, Montenegro and Serbia can invite professors, assistants or experts in relevant fields originating from former Yugoslavia to teach as guest lecturers, participate in research and development, and mentor student theses.
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
Soft policies:WUS Austria – International support for
cooperation with expatriated experts – example: http://www.braingainprogram.org/: o BGP+ Classic (the supported period of stay should be
between 1 and 3 weeks with at least 15 teaching hours per week), and
o BGP+ with extended period of stay (the supported period of stay is the whole semester, and the lecturer is obliged to take over theses mentoring. A guest lecturer can:a. take over the full teaching workload – at least 10 teaching
hours per week - and mentoring, or b. half teaching workload – at least 5 teaching hours per week
– and research and mentoring.).
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
How to convert “brain drain” into “brain gain”!?o Make a strategy: Short-Mid and
Long term;
o Invest time, people and money in realization of such strategies.
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
Soft policies:- MID TERM national strategy could be:
o Creation of Data bases of expatriated experts – profiles by fields of S&T and countries;
o Government initiative for establishment of “Knowledge Networks”: Initiative should create motivation expatriated experts to join “Knowledge Network”. Approach to experts must be individual, avoid “no name” invitation, strictly without political, national, religious or other particular implications which could provoke resistance and broke network;
o “Knowledge Networks” must be Internet based sort of communication, such as network of experts emigrants from Switzerland: www.swiss-list.com.
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
Soft policies:- LONG TERM national strategy:
o Market economy rules are in force when expert engagement is in case. Therefore, offer should be attractive enough for experts to work for home country! Make them as “ambassadors” of domestic S&T abroad! This will be entrance ticket to the top S&T projects and achievements!!!
o Expatriate experts could make more possibilities to domestic scientists, particularly young researchers for PhD studies, post-docs, study visits etc;
o Expatriate experts could be members of domestic S&T councils, economic and social high level advisory boards etc;
o Expatriate experts could established first contacts between domestic and foreign companies – “economic networks should be preferred and carefully developed, even as a role of economic attaché in diplomatic area.
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“How to Gain from Brain-drain: Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
How to Gain from Brain Drain ?S&T development strategy of the Republic of
Serbia 2009 to 2014: Focus and Partner:PREVENTING BRAIN-DRAIN:
Identification and development of talent in schools and other educational institutions: Science competitions (international Olympiads) Petnica Science Center, finishing infrastructure project and
stable financing Mathematical High School, new campus in Belgrade and
capacity increase Support:
Scholarships Noncommercial housing, 1000 more flats for researchers Legal changes to stabilize employment status Doctoral studies: solving the problem of social and health
insurance, more financial support.
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“How to Gain from Brain-drain: Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
How to Gain from Brain Drain ?S&T development strategy of the Republic of Serbia
2009 to 2014: Focus and Partner:PREVENTING BRAIN-DRAIN:
HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENCE WILL CLEARLY AND QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINE BY SCHOOL YEAR 2010-2011 A MID TERM PLAN FOR ENROLLMENT: It is critical to increase the number of students
studying natural sciences and engineering A 5 year exact plan for funding will be agreed
upon The number of PhD students will be matched
with priorities.
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“How to Gain from Brain-drain: Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
How to Gain from Brain Drain ?S&T development strategy of the Republic of
Serbia 2009 to 2014: Focus and Partner:PREVENTING BRAIN-DRAIN:
PROJECT EVALUATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT WILL MATCH NATIONAL PRIORITIES: The evaluation of scientists will continue to focus on the
quality of publications but will be complemented with more qualitative measures
Specific evaluation for technological innovations and social sciences and humanities
Evaluation will encourage and reward collaboration between labs and institutions
Extra rewards will be attached to publications in top international journals and international editorial positions
Specific situations will be recognized: young researchers, those coming back from abroad, researchers returning from administrative positions.
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
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“How to Gain from Brain-drain: Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
S&T development strategy of the Republic of Serbia 2009 to 2014: Focus and Partner:PARTNERSHIP WITH THE SCIENTIFIC DIASPORA
THROUGH JOINT PROJECTS: Finalization of data base of Serbian
researchers living and working abroad An international refereeing system will be
established using the capacity of our research Diaspora
Possibilities will be opened up for researchers living abroad to be part of national projects
A human resources program for the return of Serbian scientists living abroad will be conducted.
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“How to Gain from Brain-drain: Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
How to Gain from Brain Drain ?MSTD – HUMAN RESOURCES PROGRAMBringing Serbian scientists working abroad back to
Serbia:
Motivating Serbian Diaspora for Scientific Research:
Such financial package may include relocation expenses, cost of specific lab equipment, if any, studentships /fellowships for the accompanying scholars, and appropriate award money. The scientific institutions within Serbia will host the potential recipients of the awards and extend necessary infrastructural facilities in areas that are of high priority for economic development of Serbia. The award recipients may be given temporary pointments and an opportunity to develop an institute in the area of their excellence,
Setting up of a Network of Serbian Scientific Diaspora
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“How to Gain from Brain-drain: Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
MSTD – HUMAN RESOURCES PROGRAMBringing Serbian scientists working abroad back to
Serbia: Short- term Visits of Eminent Serbian scientists from
Diaspora to Serbia (including trainings, lectures. etc., in Serbian research institutions)
Attracting scientists from Diaspora to launch start-up companies.
Return of these scientists to set up start up units can be encouraged by offering a set o f special incentives, which could include tax breaks, reduction o f levies and duties on their products, availability of space at concessional rates, etc.
Other related initiatives that contribute in line with cooperation and creativity.
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“How to Gain from Brain-drain: Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
MSTD – HUMAN RESOURCES PROGRAMProject Budget
1. Motivating Serbian Diaspora for Scientific Research: Relocation expenses (bringing around 200 Serbian scientists) –
5 MEUR Fellowships – 1.5 MEUR Specific lab equipment – 2 MEUR
2. Setting up of a Network of Serbian Scientic Diaspora – 1.5 MEUR
3. Short- term Visits of Eminent Serbian scientists from Diaspora to Serbia (Including trainings, lectures. etc., in Serbian research institutions) – 2 MEUR
4. Attracting scientists from Diaspora to launch start-up companies – 3 MEUR
The total budget of the Project is 15 MEUR !
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How to Gain from Brain Drain ?
S&T development strategy of the Republic of Serbia 2009 to 2014: Focus and Partner:TARGET:
400 scientists will be back within next 5 years!
“How to Gain from Brain-drain:Country's Experiences – Serbian Academicians in Diaspora”
“Circulation of Scientific Talent and Communication with Diasporas”EREF Istanbul Workshop on Knowledge Transfer for Development
May 12, 2010, Istanbul, Turkey
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